Targeting Bacterial Proteasomal Machinery
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•614 views
The document discusses a new class of antibiotics called Brötz-Oesterhelt that function by dysregulating bacterial proteolytic machinery. It provides a table comparing the mode of action and targets of several classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, oxazolidinones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclins, vancomycin, and beta-lactams. The table indicates their effects on processes like DNA replication, protein synthesis, and cell wall formation.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Apaf-1 and Apoptosome Activation in H. sapiens
Mitochondrial stress triggers cytochrome C-mediated activation of Apaf-1, cleaving Caspase 9 and leading to Apoptosome formation in a second-order, "induced proximity" mechanism
Homo sapiens (human pepsin) NCBI GENBANK
GenBank format and FASTA format as homo sapiens pepsin as an example bioinformatics practical 1st experiment ; sequence retrival from nucleotide sequence from NCBI
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY
The document discusses transplantation and the immune response. It begins by defining transplantation as moving cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another, either within an individual or between donors and recipients. There are several types of transplantation - autografts within an individual, isografts between identical twins, allografts between non-identical individuals of the same species, and xenografts between different species. Rejection can be acute, occurring within 6 months, or chronic with repeated acute episodes ultimately causing transplant failure. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce rejection by dampening the immune response.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a normal and controlled form of cell death that plays an important role in multicellular organisms. It occurs through either an intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway involves signals within the cell such as mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum damage, while the extrinsic pathway involves death receptors on the cell surface that activate caspases when bound by ligands. Apoptosis helps shape tissues and organs during development, eliminates unnecessary or harmful cells, and prevents diseases like cancer from developing.
Mol Pharmacol-2003-Jones-471-7
This document describes the identification and characterization of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) termed R527 that is highly expressed on human eosinophils and neutrophils. R527 was found to bind the eicosanoid 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) and mediate its inflammatory effects. Stable cell lines expressing R527 were used to screen ligands and identified 5-oxo-ETE as an agonist. R527 showed pharmacological properties similar to the previously described 5-oxo-ETE receptor on immune cells. The identification of R527 provides insight into the physiological role
Biomarkers For Neural Differentiation With Ion AmpliSeq | ESHG 2015 Poster PS...
Biomarkers For Neural Differentiation With Ion AmpliSeq | ESHG 2015 Poster PS...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent cells that give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system. They hold promise for treatment of brain and spinal injuries and diseases. However, very little is known about their regulatory mechanisms. Here we used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to define the temporal transcriptome signatures of NSCs. Cultured human embryonic stem cells (H9) were compared to induced NSCs at days 0, 7 and 14. Total RNAs were extracted and Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome libraries were created for sequencing. The expression profiles of the same dataset were also evaluated by Whole transcriptome (WT) RNA-Seq and Affymetrix Gene 2.0 ST arrays. The transcriptome profiles of H9 cells differed little between days 0, 7, and 14 while NSCs induced from H9 cells showed remarkable differences from day 0 to days 7 and 14 during differentiation. Hierarchical clustering results also showed more robust sample classification for NSCs than H9 cells. Comparing the expression profiles of NSCs versus H9 cells, a total of 4001 and 4768 were differentially expressed at day 7 and day 14 respectively (p-value < 0.01, fold change > 2) . We further clustered their expressions into 24 groups by Self-organizing map. A total of ~250 genes showed similar expression patterns to known NSC markers including SOX1 and PAX6. These genes are enriched for neural differentiation related pathways and are potential candidates for novel NSC markers. Their expressions will be further verified by TaqMan® gene expression assays. In summary, we used NGS to construct a temporal transcriptome database of H9 cells and NSCs. We also developed an analysis pipeline to systematically identify potential novel NSC markers.Stress inducible promoters
1) The document discusses using biotechnology to genetically modify crops to increase their freezing tolerance through the introduction of CBF genes from Arabidopsis thaliana.
2) While constitutive expression of CBF genes confers freezing resistance, it also leads to reduced growth and productivity.
3) The study by Pino et al. replaced the constitutive promoter of the introduced CBF gene with a stress-inducible promoter, allowing production of the transgene only under cold stress. This resulted in potato plants that were both highly productive and resistant to freezing.
736-2319-1-PB
This study examined the effects of CalcusolTM, a traditional herbal medicine, on the expression of the antioxidant enzyme CuZnSOD in a mouse model of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). Mice were divided into five groups: a control group, a nephrolithiasis group, a CalcusolTM group, a nephrolithiasis plus CalcusolTM group, and a nephrolithiasis plus simultaneous CalcusolTM group. Administration of CalcusolTM was found to significantly decrease the number of cells expressing CuZnSOD in the kidneys compared to the nephrolithiasis group. This suggests that the antioxidants in Calcus
Recommended
Apaf-1 and Apoptosome Activation in H. sapiens
Mitochondrial stress triggers cytochrome C-mediated activation of Apaf-1, cleaving Caspase 9 and leading to Apoptosome formation in a second-order, "induced proximity" mechanism
Homo sapiens (human pepsin) NCBI GENBANK
GenBank format and FASTA format as homo sapiens pepsin as an example bioinformatics practical 1st experiment ; sequence retrival from nucleotide sequence from NCBI
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY
The document discusses transplantation and the immune response. It begins by defining transplantation as moving cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another, either within an individual or between donors and recipients. There are several types of transplantation - autografts within an individual, isografts between identical twins, allografts between non-identical individuals of the same species, and xenografts between different species. Rejection can be acute, occurring within 6 months, or chronic with repeated acute episodes ultimately causing transplant failure. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce rejection by dampening the immune response.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a normal and controlled form of cell death that plays an important role in multicellular organisms. It occurs through either an intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. The intrinsic pathway involves signals within the cell such as mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum damage, while the extrinsic pathway involves death receptors on the cell surface that activate caspases when bound by ligands. Apoptosis helps shape tissues and organs during development, eliminates unnecessary or harmful cells, and prevents diseases like cancer from developing.
Mol Pharmacol-2003-Jones-471-7
This document describes the identification and characterization of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) termed R527 that is highly expressed on human eosinophils and neutrophils. R527 was found to bind the eicosanoid 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) and mediate its inflammatory effects. Stable cell lines expressing R527 were used to screen ligands and identified 5-oxo-ETE as an agonist. R527 showed pharmacological properties similar to the previously described 5-oxo-ETE receptor on immune cells. The identification of R527 provides insight into the physiological role
Biomarkers For Neural Differentiation With Ion AmpliSeq | ESHG 2015 Poster PS...
Biomarkers For Neural Differentiation With Ion AmpliSeq | ESHG 2015 Poster PS...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent cells that give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system. They hold promise for treatment of brain and spinal injuries and diseases. However, very little is known about their regulatory mechanisms. Here we used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to define the temporal transcriptome signatures of NSCs. Cultured human embryonic stem cells (H9) were compared to induced NSCs at days 0, 7 and 14. Total RNAs were extracted and Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome libraries were created for sequencing. The expression profiles of the same dataset were also evaluated by Whole transcriptome (WT) RNA-Seq and Affymetrix Gene 2.0 ST arrays. The transcriptome profiles of H9 cells differed little between days 0, 7, and 14 while NSCs induced from H9 cells showed remarkable differences from day 0 to days 7 and 14 during differentiation. Hierarchical clustering results also showed more robust sample classification for NSCs than H9 cells. Comparing the expression profiles of NSCs versus H9 cells, a total of 4001 and 4768 were differentially expressed at day 7 and day 14 respectively (p-value < 0.01, fold change > 2) . We further clustered their expressions into 24 groups by Self-organizing map. A total of ~250 genes showed similar expression patterns to known NSC markers including SOX1 and PAX6. These genes are enriched for neural differentiation related pathways and are potential candidates for novel NSC markers. Their expressions will be further verified by TaqMan® gene expression assays. In summary, we used NGS to construct a temporal transcriptome database of H9 cells and NSCs. We also developed an analysis pipeline to systematically identify potential novel NSC markers.Stress inducible promoters
1) The document discusses using biotechnology to genetically modify crops to increase their freezing tolerance through the introduction of CBF genes from Arabidopsis thaliana.
2) While constitutive expression of CBF genes confers freezing resistance, it also leads to reduced growth and productivity.
3) The study by Pino et al. replaced the constitutive promoter of the introduced CBF gene with a stress-inducible promoter, allowing production of the transgene only under cold stress. This resulted in potato plants that were both highly productive and resistant to freezing.
736-2319-1-PB
This study examined the effects of CalcusolTM, a traditional herbal medicine, on the expression of the antioxidant enzyme CuZnSOD in a mouse model of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). Mice were divided into five groups: a control group, a nephrolithiasis group, a CalcusolTM group, a nephrolithiasis plus CalcusolTM group, and a nephrolithiasis plus simultaneous CalcusolTM group. Administration of CalcusolTM was found to significantly decrease the number of cells expressing CuZnSOD in the kidneys compared to the nephrolithiasis group. This suggests that the antioxidants in Calcus
Immunology and Serology (transplantation reactions)
This document discusses host responses to grafts, including graft-versus-host disease. It describes how graft-versus-host disease occurs when the donor's T-cells are not recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system but do recognize the host as foreign. It notes the disease can result in transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. It also discusses the types of graft reactions, including acute graft-versus-host disease which occurs in the first 100 days and targets the skin, gut and liver. Chronic graft-versus-host disease can resemble autoimmune disease.
SRP Poster
This study evaluated genes related to oxidative stress in cells from facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients compared to control cells. The researchers found that FSHD cells cultured in knockout serum replacement (KOSR), which increases DUX4 expression, showed higher expression of genes related to oxidative stress response like GPX3 and GSTT2 compared to FSHD cells cultured in fetal bovine serum. Additionally, FSHD cells treated with an oxidative stressor showed lower reactive oxygen species levels than control cells treated the same way. This suggests DUX4 expression may be linked to elevated oxidative stress in FSHD cells through effects on genes involved in the oxidative stress response. Further research is needed
64 andrew fire - 6506559 - genetic inhibition by double-stranded rna
Andrew Fire, Stephen Kostas, Mary Montgomery, Lisa Timmons, SiQun Xu, Hiroaki Tabara, Samuel E. Driver, Craig C. Mello - Genetic Inhibition by Double-Stranded RNA
Worm timing paper
This document discusses a study that investigated whether gene transcription during C. elegans embryonic fate specification is dependent on or coordinated with cell divisions. The study found that transcription of certain genes, such as elt-2 in the E lineage and hlh-1 and unc-120 in the muscle pathway, was not dependent on cell divisions, as their expression was unchanged in an embryo mutant where cell divisions were slowed. This suggests that gene transcription is coordinated with but not dependent on cell divisions during C. elegans embryonic development.
Genome rearrangment
Genetic information is stored in DNA molecules as sequences of nucleotides. DNA exists as paired strands that run in opposite directions and are complementary to each other. The genome contains an organism's complete set of DNA and is organized into chromosomes. Genomes can differ between species through point mutations that change single nucleotides or genome rearrangements that modify multiple nucleotides. Rearrangements include reversals, translocations, fissions, and fusions that change the order of genes within and between chromosomes. The minimum number of edits needed to transform one genome into another, including point mutations and rearrangements, defines their edit distance and can provide insights into evolutionary relationships.
Genetic variation(evolution)
This document provides an overview of microbial genetics and genetic variation in bacteria. It defines genetic variation as being brought about by mutation, which permanently changes the chemical structure of chromosomes. Mutations can be inherited vertically when bacteria multiply exponentially, creating subpopulations. Mutations can have deleterious, beneficial, or no effects. Genetic variation also occurs horizontally through transformation, conjugation, and transduction, allowing DNA transfer between bacteria. Transformation involves uptake of naked DNA, conjugation involves DNA transfer through pili, and transduction involves DNA transfer by bacteriophages. Non-genetic factors like nucleotide instability and random molecular encounters can also influence genetic variation.
Vinay ju 5076 Virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria
Mutations and three mechanisms of genetic exchange allow bacteria to gain new genetic material: transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA between bacteria via a plasmid. Transduction involves the transfer of DNA between bacteria through bacteriophages. Studies have shown differences in virulence and presence of effector proteins among strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated in California, and differences in plasmid profiles and copper resistance among strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from mango trees.
2014 bgri dodds rev
This document summarizes research on cloning rust resistance genes from wheat and developing gene pyramids via genetic engineering. Key points include:
- Researchers at the University of Minnesota and other institutions are working to clone multiple rust resistance genes from wheat including Sr2, Sr22, Sr33, Sr35, Sr46, Sr50 and Lr67.
- Cloned genes like Lr34/Yr18, Yr36, and others can be stacked together in transgenic cassettes to provide pyramided resistance in a single locus.
- Preliminary work has successfully stacked two or three resistance genes in transgenic wheat.
- Further work will continue cloning additional genes, validating gene function through transformation, and
Transplantation immunology
Transplantation involves replacing an organ or tissue from a non-self donor with a recipient's own. Transplantation immunology studies the immune response against transplanted tissues that are histoincompatible. Rejection can involve cell-mediated immunity or antibody responses. Transplantation is an effective treatment for organ failure but rejection remains a challenge addressed through immunosuppressive drugs, though better approaches are needed to prevent rejection and reduce drug side effects while improving long-term outcomes.
Genetic polymorphism
The document discusses genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. It defines key terms like locus, allele, and genome. It then describes different types of genetic polymorphisms like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (INDELs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). The document focuses on polymorphisms related to drug resistance in P. falciparum, discussing genes associated with resistance to chloroquine (pfcrt) and other antimalarial drugs, along with specific mutations in those genes linked to resistance.
Poster_ENBE14 printing version v2_LP_CX_GE_LP
Experimental Protocol
Differences in mutation accumulation in Schyzosaccharomyces pombe due to the presence of chromosomal rearrangements. The researchers used experimental evolution to determine how the speed of evolution and type of accumulated mutations depend on ancestral chromosomal structure and genotype. They propagated different S. pombe strains with chromosomal variants (one inversion and four translocations) at low population sizes to allow mutation accumulation while minimizing natural selection. They then measured changes in fitness throughout to test if chromosomal structure affected evolutionary trajectories.
Their data indicates different genetic backgrounds accumulate mutations at different rates, even with weak selection. Certain chromosomal rearrangements biased accumulation towards beneficial mutations, conferring an adaptive advantage.
Effector Mechanisms in Transplant Rejection
The document discusses three major effector mechanisms involved in transplant rejection: cytotoxic T lymphocytes, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and antibodies with complement activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly kill donor cells through granzyme exocytosis and Fas/FasL pathways. CD4+ T cells mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity by secreting cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF that activate other immune cells and cause local inflammation and graft injury. Alloantibodies produced by plasma cells via CD4+ T cell help bind donor cells and activate the complement cascade to cause cell lysis or mark cells for destruction by other immune effector cells.
PhuHV - Presentation - How To Sell On eBay
The document provides tips on how to optimize eBay listings to boost sales, including choosing the right categories, writing better titles and descriptions, using pictures effectively, and using promotional options. Some key points covered are selecting descriptive keywords for titles, including important details in descriptions, answering buyer questions, offering a good return policy, and using search-optimized titles with multiple relevant keywords.
A Fluorescent Probe Designed For Conformational Studies
The document describes the design and testing of a fluorescent probe called Amino Phenoxazone Maleimide (APM) to study protein conformational changes. APM was used to label and monitor two membrane proteins: a voltage-gated potassium channel and the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. APM was shown to report on known conformational changes in these proteins and had advantages over other fluorescent probes like having less interference from cellular autofluorescence.
East TN Environmental Conference WAP
Communicating Green Initiatives Presentation, East Tennessee Environmental Conference, March 10th, 2009
Proteolysis
The break down of proteins.
Protein Background
Definition Of Proteolysis
How/Where Proteins Breakdown
Enzyme Precursor
Proteolytic Enzymes
Protein To Energy Pathway
Thrombotic Microangiopathy associated with proteasome inhibitors
This case report describes a 63-year-old man who developed acute kidney injury and thrombotic microangiopathy after receiving treatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. A kidney biopsy showed features of thrombotic microangiopathy and arteriolar damage. The authors propose that proteasome inhibitors may cause kidney injury by decreasing VEGF production through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, disrupting normal endothelial cell function and integrity. The patient's kidney function recovered after discontinuing carfilzomib with supportive management. This case adds to evidence that proteasome inhibitors can cause thrombotic microangiopathy through their effects on VEGF signaling.
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis involves three enzymes (E1, E2, E3) that tag unwanted proteins with ubiquitin molecules. The tagged proteins are transported to the proteasome, where they are degraded into peptides. Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, and Irwin Rose received the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering this pathway of targeted protein degradation in the late 1970s. The proteasome is a large complex with protease activity that breaks down the tagged proteins.
Ubiquitin proteolytic system
Presentation given by Dr. Karthikeyan at Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College.
Addition:
There are certain proteins which are degraded by proteasome without ubiquitin tag. one such example is ornithine decarboxylase - rate limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis.
Proteolysis, protein degradation and turnover
This document discusses protein degradation and turnover. It begins by introducing proteolysis, which is the cleavage of peptide bonds by proteases. Limited proteolysis can create new protein products with new functions through posttranslational modification. There are two main types of proteases - exopeptidases that cleave near the ends of proteins, and endopeptidases that cleave internally. Protein degradation involves complete breakdown of proteins into amino acids by multiple cleavages and occurs through two main pathways: lysosomal breakdown in acidic lysosomes using individual proteases, and ubiquitin-dependent breakdown by the proteasome in the cytosol at neutral pH.
More Related Content
What's hot
Immunology and Serology (transplantation reactions)
This document discusses host responses to grafts, including graft-versus-host disease. It describes how graft-versus-host disease occurs when the donor's T-cells are not recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system but do recognize the host as foreign. It notes the disease can result in transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. It also discusses the types of graft reactions, including acute graft-versus-host disease which occurs in the first 100 days and targets the skin, gut and liver. Chronic graft-versus-host disease can resemble autoimmune disease.
SRP Poster
This study evaluated genes related to oxidative stress in cells from facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients compared to control cells. The researchers found that FSHD cells cultured in knockout serum replacement (KOSR), which increases DUX4 expression, showed higher expression of genes related to oxidative stress response like GPX3 and GSTT2 compared to FSHD cells cultured in fetal bovine serum. Additionally, FSHD cells treated with an oxidative stressor showed lower reactive oxygen species levels than control cells treated the same way. This suggests DUX4 expression may be linked to elevated oxidative stress in FSHD cells through effects on genes involved in the oxidative stress response. Further research is needed
64 andrew fire - 6506559 - genetic inhibition by double-stranded rna
Andrew Fire, Stephen Kostas, Mary Montgomery, Lisa Timmons, SiQun Xu, Hiroaki Tabara, Samuel E. Driver, Craig C. Mello - Genetic Inhibition by Double-Stranded RNA
Worm timing paper
This document discusses a study that investigated whether gene transcription during C. elegans embryonic fate specification is dependent on or coordinated with cell divisions. The study found that transcription of certain genes, such as elt-2 in the E lineage and hlh-1 and unc-120 in the muscle pathway, was not dependent on cell divisions, as their expression was unchanged in an embryo mutant where cell divisions were slowed. This suggests that gene transcription is coordinated with but not dependent on cell divisions during C. elegans embryonic development.
Genome rearrangment
Genetic information is stored in DNA molecules as sequences of nucleotides. DNA exists as paired strands that run in opposite directions and are complementary to each other. The genome contains an organism's complete set of DNA and is organized into chromosomes. Genomes can differ between species through point mutations that change single nucleotides or genome rearrangements that modify multiple nucleotides. Rearrangements include reversals, translocations, fissions, and fusions that change the order of genes within and between chromosomes. The minimum number of edits needed to transform one genome into another, including point mutations and rearrangements, defines their edit distance and can provide insights into evolutionary relationships.
Genetic variation(evolution)
This document provides an overview of microbial genetics and genetic variation in bacteria. It defines genetic variation as being brought about by mutation, which permanently changes the chemical structure of chromosomes. Mutations can be inherited vertically when bacteria multiply exponentially, creating subpopulations. Mutations can have deleterious, beneficial, or no effects. Genetic variation also occurs horizontally through transformation, conjugation, and transduction, allowing DNA transfer between bacteria. Transformation involves uptake of naked DNA, conjugation involves DNA transfer through pili, and transduction involves DNA transfer by bacteriophages. Non-genetic factors like nucleotide instability and random molecular encounters can also influence genetic variation.
Vinay ju 5076 Virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria
Mutations and three mechanisms of genetic exchange allow bacteria to gain new genetic material: transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA between bacteria via a plasmid. Transduction involves the transfer of DNA between bacteria through bacteriophages. Studies have shown differences in virulence and presence of effector proteins among strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated in California, and differences in plasmid profiles and copper resistance among strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from mango trees.
2014 bgri dodds rev
This document summarizes research on cloning rust resistance genes from wheat and developing gene pyramids via genetic engineering. Key points include:
- Researchers at the University of Minnesota and other institutions are working to clone multiple rust resistance genes from wheat including Sr2, Sr22, Sr33, Sr35, Sr46, Sr50 and Lr67.
- Cloned genes like Lr34/Yr18, Yr36, and others can be stacked together in transgenic cassettes to provide pyramided resistance in a single locus.
- Preliminary work has successfully stacked two or three resistance genes in transgenic wheat.
- Further work will continue cloning additional genes, validating gene function through transformation, and
Transplantation immunology
Transplantation involves replacing an organ or tissue from a non-self donor with a recipient's own. Transplantation immunology studies the immune response against transplanted tissues that are histoincompatible. Rejection can involve cell-mediated immunity or antibody responses. Transplantation is an effective treatment for organ failure but rejection remains a challenge addressed through immunosuppressive drugs, though better approaches are needed to prevent rejection and reduce drug side effects while improving long-term outcomes.
Genetic polymorphism
The document discusses genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. It defines key terms like locus, allele, and genome. It then describes different types of genetic polymorphisms like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (INDELs), and short tandem repeats (STRs). The document focuses on polymorphisms related to drug resistance in P. falciparum, discussing genes associated with resistance to chloroquine (pfcrt) and other antimalarial drugs, along with specific mutations in those genes linked to resistance.
Poster_ENBE14 printing version v2_LP_CX_GE_LP
Experimental Protocol
Differences in mutation accumulation in Schyzosaccharomyces pombe due to the presence of chromosomal rearrangements. The researchers used experimental evolution to determine how the speed of evolution and type of accumulated mutations depend on ancestral chromosomal structure and genotype. They propagated different S. pombe strains with chromosomal variants (one inversion and four translocations) at low population sizes to allow mutation accumulation while minimizing natural selection. They then measured changes in fitness throughout to test if chromosomal structure affected evolutionary trajectories.
Their data indicates different genetic backgrounds accumulate mutations at different rates, even with weak selection. Certain chromosomal rearrangements biased accumulation towards beneficial mutations, conferring an adaptive advantage.
Effector Mechanisms in Transplant Rejection
The document discusses three major effector mechanisms involved in transplant rejection: cytotoxic T lymphocytes, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and antibodies with complement activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly kill donor cells through granzyme exocytosis and Fas/FasL pathways. CD4+ T cells mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity by secreting cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF that activate other immune cells and cause local inflammation and graft injury. Alloantibodies produced by plasma cells via CD4+ T cell help bind donor cells and activate the complement cascade to cause cell lysis or mark cells for destruction by other immune effector cells.
What's hot (12)
Immunology and Serology (transplantation reactions)
Immunology and Serology (transplantation reactions)
64 andrew fire - 6506559 - genetic inhibition by double-stranded rna
64 andrew fire - 6506559 - genetic inhibition by double-stranded rna
Vinay ju 5076 Virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria
Vinay ju 5076 Virulence in plant pathogenic bacteria
Viewers also liked
PhuHV - Presentation - How To Sell On eBay
The document provides tips on how to optimize eBay listings to boost sales, including choosing the right categories, writing better titles and descriptions, using pictures effectively, and using promotional options. Some key points covered are selecting descriptive keywords for titles, including important details in descriptions, answering buyer questions, offering a good return policy, and using search-optimized titles with multiple relevant keywords.
A Fluorescent Probe Designed For Conformational Studies
The document describes the design and testing of a fluorescent probe called Amino Phenoxazone Maleimide (APM) to study protein conformational changes. APM was used to label and monitor two membrane proteins: a voltage-gated potassium channel and the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. APM was shown to report on known conformational changes in these proteins and had advantages over other fluorescent probes like having less interference from cellular autofluorescence.
East TN Environmental Conference WAP
Communicating Green Initiatives Presentation, East Tennessee Environmental Conference, March 10th, 2009
Proteolysis
The break down of proteins.
Protein Background
Definition Of Proteolysis
How/Where Proteins Breakdown
Enzyme Precursor
Proteolytic Enzymes
Protein To Energy Pathway
Thrombotic Microangiopathy associated with proteasome inhibitors
This case report describes a 63-year-old man who developed acute kidney injury and thrombotic microangiopathy after receiving treatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. A kidney biopsy showed features of thrombotic microangiopathy and arteriolar damage. The authors propose that proteasome inhibitors may cause kidney injury by decreasing VEGF production through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, disrupting normal endothelial cell function and integrity. The patient's kidney function recovered after discontinuing carfilzomib with supportive management. This case adds to evidence that proteasome inhibitors can cause thrombotic microangiopathy through their effects on VEGF signaling.
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis involves three enzymes (E1, E2, E3) that tag unwanted proteins with ubiquitin molecules. The tagged proteins are transported to the proteasome, where they are degraded into peptides. Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, and Irwin Rose received the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering this pathway of targeted protein degradation in the late 1970s. The proteasome is a large complex with protease activity that breaks down the tagged proteins.
Ubiquitin proteolytic system
Presentation given by Dr. Karthikeyan at Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College.
Addition:
There are certain proteins which are degraded by proteasome without ubiquitin tag. one such example is ornithine decarboxylase - rate limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis.
Proteolysis, protein degradation and turnover
This document discusses protein degradation and turnover. It begins by introducing proteolysis, which is the cleavage of peptide bonds by proteases. Limited proteolysis can create new protein products with new functions through posttranslational modification. There are two main types of proteases - exopeptidases that cleave near the ends of proteins, and endopeptidases that cleave internally. Protein degradation involves complete breakdown of proteins into amino acids by multiple cleavages and occurs through two main pathways: lysosomal breakdown in acidic lysosomes using individual proteases, and ubiquitin-dependent breakdown by the proteasome in the cytosol at neutral pH.
Viewers also liked (10)
A Fluorescent Probe Designed For Conformational Studies
A Fluorescent Probe Designed For Conformational Studies
Thrombotic Microangiopathy associated with proteasome inhibitors
Thrombotic Microangiopathy associated with proteasome inhibitors
Similar to Targeting Bacterial Proteasomal Machinery
Evolution 2013: Dr Sarah Jones, University of Wolverhampton on Exploring the ...
Evolution 2013: Dr Sarah Jones, University of Wolverhampton on Exploring the ...Life Sciences Network marcus evans
Evolution 2013: Dr Sarah Jones, University of Wolverhampton on Exploring the Potential of Cell Penetrating Peptides for Effective Drug DeliveryChEMBL US tour December 2014
This document provides an overview of ChEMBL, a large database of medicinal chemistry data maintained by EMBL-EBI. It describes the types of data contained in ChEMBL, including over 1.6 million compounds, 10,000 targets, and 12 million bioactivities extracted from literature. ChEMBL aims to comprehensively catalogue historical drug discovery successes and failures to identify patterns and support drug discovery. All data is freely available under an open license.
Mechanism of natural competence by Jaimin Maheta
This document discusses bacterial competence, which is the ability of bacteria to take up extracellular DNA from the environment. It describes the mechanisms of DNA uptake and how competence allows for rapid adaptation and DNA repair. The document outlines the history of discovering natural competence, from Griffith's experiments in 1928 to the demonstration by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944 that DNA carries genetic information. It also discusses the regulation of competence and proposes evolutionary functions, including providing genetic diversity, serving as a nutrient source, and allowing for DNA repair. Horizontal gene transfer resulting from competence contributes to bacterial genome diversity and evolution.
The intellectual property landscape of the human genome
The document analyzes the intellectual property landscape of the human genome. It finds that over 4,000 of the approximately 23,000 genes in the human genome are claimed in granted U.S. patents. Most patented genes are involved in cancer and cellular processes, and the institutions holding the most gene-related patents are biotech companies and research institutes rather than large pharmaceutical firms.
Development of Biopharmaceuticals: Structure and Formulation Considerations
Development of Biopharmaceuticals: Structure and Formulation ConsiderationsEuropean Industrial Pharmacists Group
Amon Wafelman, EIPG SIG Production co-chair
EIPG Presentation at the EPSA Autumn Assembly 2014, Hradec Králové 2014.Deriving Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid – Potential for an ...
The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine has made several breakthroughs in the field of regenerative medicine, including being the first to engineer and implant lab-grown organs in patients. The Institute aims to develop regenerative therapies and has an interdisciplinary team working on engineering over 30 tissues and organs. Recent research at the Institute has focused on stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, which can differentiate into several tissue types and may have potential for treating various diseases.
Directed evolution of enzymes
This document discusses directed evolution of enzymes. It describes how Frances Arnold developed directed evolution techniques including error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling, and StEP to improve enzyme functionality for desired traits like activity, stability, selectivity. Her techniques combine random mutagenesis and recombination with selection to evolve enzymes, allowing optimization and redesigning of enzyme function. Directed evolution has led to enzymes catalyzing new reactions and expanded our understanding of what reactions enzymes can catalyze.
Bio Lab Paper
Summary of DNA methylation profile of the human major histocompatibility complex: A pilot study for the human epigenome project.
Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) gene in ...
This document summarizes research using a yeast-two hybrid system and Phylomer peptide library to identify peptides that interact with and potentially inhibit the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) enzyme in Cryptosporidium. IMPDH is a potential drug target as Cryptosporidium relies solely on purine salvage and IMPDH is essential for DNA synthesis. A Phylomer peptide library was screened against IMPDH from C. parvum and C. hominis, identifying 38 unique interacting peptides. 12 peptides were synthesized and 2 showed significant growth inhibition of C. parvum in vitro. One peptide consistently interacted with C. parvum and C. hominis IMPDH but not human
Caenorhabditi Elegans Research Paper
The document discusses the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism in biomedical research. Some key points:
- Zebrafish are becoming a popular alternative to mammalian models due to their small size and low costs.
- They have been successfully used in developmental biology research employing genetic and molecular methods.
- Extensive past research has established zebrafish as a favored genetic model, providing brain anatomy and physiology similar to humans.
Korc Poster Final 11 23 10
The Knockout Rat Consortium (KORC) is a group of individuals and institutions working to create genetically modified rat models using techniques like transposon-based mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis. The KORC database currently lists over 300 rat models, including models of SCID, p53 knockout, pain (Trpc4 knockout), hydrocephalus (Myo9a knockout), and obesity (Mc4r knockout). The goal of KORC is to generate rat models with single gene disruptions for every rat gene to provide a resource for the research community.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It summarizes that Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen developed recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, showing that genetically engineered DNA molecules can be cloned in foreign cells. It then provides examples of how recombinant DNA technology is used in agriculture, medicine, and industry for purposes such as producing important proteins and antibiotics, developing disease-resistant crops, and diagnosing diseases.
Network Pharmacology Tri-Con 022212
Presentation at the Network Pharmacology session of Molecular Med Tri-Con 2012 Meeting San Francisco Feb 22, 2012.
Ch8 microbial genetics
This document provides an overview of microbial genetics concepts. It defines key terms like genetics, genes, chromosomes, and genomes. It describes the structure of DNA and the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It explains how genetic material is inherited vertically but can also be transferred horizontally between organisms through transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Mechanisms of genetic regulation, mutation, and repair are also summarized. The document uses diagrams and tables to illustrate these fundamental concepts in microbial genetics.
Mgt olasupo2018
Mutagenesis is the process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in a mutation. Mutations are caused by mutagens, which are physical or chemical agents that alter DNA. There are several types of mutations, including missense mutations, nonsense mutations, insertion mutations, deletion mutations, repeat expansion mutations, and frame shift mutations. Genetic toxicology assesses the effects of chemicals and physical agents on DNA and genetic processes. Genotoxicants can alter DNA sequences, cause chromosomal damage, affect chromosome number, and influence gene expression. Genetic toxicology tests are used to predict mutagenic and carcinogenic potential for regulatory purposes.
Antibodies as Drugs
Antibodies have emerged as a promising class of therapeutic drugs due to their high specificity and ability to activate the immune system. Major breakthroughs included the development of serum therapy in the early 1900s and the discovery of monoclonal antibodies in the 1970s-80s. Today, over 20 antibody drugs are approved to treat various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, with hundreds more in development. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, and antibody drugs that target cytokines like TNF-α have proven effective in slowing its progression.
GENE Expression TARGETED THERAPY.pdf
genes addiion\deeion\ediionthat lead to a therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic effect
Plasmid DNA
•Viral vectors
•Genetically engineered micro-organisms
•Human gene-editing technology
•Patient-derived cellular gene therapy products
Cerullo_verona2010_AdenovirusGT
This document provides an overview of adenoviral gene therapy, including its applications and limitations. It discusses how adenovirus can be used as a vector for gene delivery due to its ability to efficiently infect cells and produce high titers. However, high doses of adenoviral vectors can cause toxicity and a lethal inflammatory response due to activation of the innate immune system through receptors like TLRs. The adaptive immune system also responds to adenoviral vectors over time.
Introduction to Biotechnology.pdf
This document provides an introduction to biotechnology. It defines biotechnology as the use of living cells, including microorganisms, plant cells, and animal cells, for the benefit of humanity. Key areas of biotechnology discussed include agriculture, food, industry, biofuels, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and waste utilization. The document outlines several important techniques in biotechnology such as genetic engineering, gene therapy, bioinformatics, restriction enzymes, reverse transcriptase, polymerase chain reaction, genetic fingerprinting, cloning, and genetically modified plants.
Oncogene1.PDF
Normal human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) are sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, contrary to previous beliefs. TRAIL treatment of PrEC leads to DNA fragmentation and cell death. While PrEC are sensitive, other primary cell types like fibroblasts and endothelial cells are resistant. PrEC contain fewer decoy receptors that inhibit TRAIL's apoptotic signal compared to resistant cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis enhances TRAIL's toxicity in PrEC, suggesting short-lived proteins inhibit aspects of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in these cells. This has implications for using TRAIL as a potential prostate cancer treatment.
Similar to Targeting Bacterial Proteasomal Machinery (20)
Evolution 2013: Dr Sarah Jones, University of Wolverhampton on Exploring the ...
Evolution 2013: Dr Sarah Jones, University of Wolverhampton on Exploring the ...
The intellectual property landscape of the human genome
The intellectual property landscape of the human genome
Development of Biopharmaceuticals: Structure and Formulation Considerations
Development of Biopharmaceuticals: Structure and Formulation Considerations
Deriving Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid – Potential for an ...
Deriving Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid – Potential for an ...
Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) gene in ...
Target validation of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) gene in ...
Recently uploaded
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
How to use Azure API Management to expose backend service securely
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
This case study explores designing a scalable e-commerce platform, covering key requirements, system components, and best practices.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
dbms calicut university B. sc Cs 4th sem.pdf
Its a seminar ppt on database management system using sql
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdf
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
Azure API Management to expose backend services securely
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
System Design Case Study: Building a Scalable E-Commerce Platform - Hiike
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Targeting Bacterial Proteasomal Machinery
- 1. Dysregulation of bacterial proteolytic machinery by a new class of antibiotics Br ö tz-Oesterhelt, H. et al . Nat. Med. 11 , 1082-1087 (2005)
- 2. Blocks DNA replication DNA Gyrase Fluoroquinolones DNA Replication/repair Protein Synthesis Peptidyl Transferases Oxazolidinones Protein Synthesis Peptidyl Transferases Aminoglycosides Protein Synthesis Peptidyl Transferases Tetracyclins Protein Synthesis Sequestring substrate for biosynthesis D-Ala-D-Ala Termini Vancomycin Block crosslinking enzymes Transpeptidase/Transglycosylase -Lactams Cell Wall Mode of Action Target Antibiotic
- 5. Copyright ©1999 by the National Academy of Sciences Horwich, Arthur L. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11033-11040
- 6. Copyright ©1999 by the National Academy of Sciences Horwich, Arthur L. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11033-11040