This document is an exam paper for the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) Physics A-Level exam. It consists of multiple choice and structured questions related to various physics concepts. The first question provides measurements for a metal wire sample and asks students to identify the instruments used, calculate resistivity, and determine uncertainty. The second question defines work done and shows a diagram of a car traveling downhill, providing information about its mass and the road's angle.
The summary identifies the source as a physics exam from CIE, provides an overview of the types of questions asked (multiple choice and structured), and briefly summarizes the key details and tasks required by the first two questions. It does so in 3 sentences as requested,
Customization of LES turbulence model in OpenFOAMmmer547
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This slide is the distribution material on the seminar, "Customization of LES turbulence model in OpenFOAM". (June 13 2015 "OpenCAE Local User Group @ Kansai")
http://ofbkansai.sakura.ne.jp/
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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1PHY 4822L (Advanced Laboratory) Analysis of a bu.docxmadlynplamondon
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1
PHY 4822L (Advanced Laboratory):
Analysis of a bubble chamber picture
Introduction
In this experiment you will study a reaction between âelementary particlesâ by analyzing their
tracks in a bubble chamber. Such particles are everywhere around us [1,2]. Apart from the standard
matter particles proton, neutron and electron, hundreds of other particles have been found [3,4],
produced in cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere or by accelerators. Hundreds of charged
particles traverse our bodies per second, and some will damage our DNA, one of the reasons for the
necessity of a sophisticated DNA repair mechanism in the cell.
2
Figure 1: Photograph of the interaction between a high-energy Ï--meson from the Berkeley
Bevatron accelerator and a proton in a liquid hydrogen bubble chamber, which produces two neutral
short-lived particles Î0 and K0 which decay into charged particles a bit further.
Figure 2: illustration of the interaction, and identification of bubble trails and variables to be
measured in the photograph in Figures 3 and 4.
The data for this experiment is in the form of a bubble chamber photograph which shows bubble
tracks made by elementary particles as they traverse liquid hydrogen. In the experiment under
study, a beam of low-energy negative pions (Ï- beam) hits a hydrogen target in a bubble chamber.
A bubble chamber [5] is essentially a container with a liquid kept just below its boiling point (T=20
K for hydrogen). A piston allows expanding the inside volume, thus lowering the pressure inside
the bubblechamber. When the beam particles enter the detector a piston slightly decompresses the
liquid so it becomes "super-critical'' and starts boiling, and bubbles form, first at the ionization
trails left by the charged particles traversing the liquid.
The reaction shown in Figure 1 shows the production of a pair of neutral particles (that do not leave
a ionized trail in their wake), which after a short while decay into pairs of charged particles:
Ï - + p â Îo + Ko,
3
where the neutral particles Îo and Ko decay as follows:
Îo â p + Ï-, Ko â Ï+ + Ï-.
In this experiment, we assume the masses of the proton (mp = 938.3 MeV/c2) and the pions (mÏ+ =
mÏ- = 139.4 MeV/c2) to be known precisely, and we will determine the masses of the Î0 and the K0,
also in these mass energy units.
Momentum measurement
In order to âreconstructâ the interaction completely, one uses the conservation laws of (relativistic)
momentum and energy, plus the knowledge of the initial pion beam parameters (mass and
momentum). In order to measure momenta of the produced charged particles, the bubble chamber is
located inside a magnet that bends the charged particles in helical paths. The 1.5 T magnetic field is
directed up out of the photograph. The momentum p of each particle is directly proportional to the
radius of curvature R, which in turn can be calculated fro.
1PHY 4822L (Advanced Laboratory) Analysis of a bu.docxpoulterbarbara
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1
PHY 4822L (Advanced Laboratory):
Analysis of a bubble chamber picture
Introduction
In this experiment you will study a reaction between âelementary particlesâ by analyzing their
tracks in a bubble chamber. Such particles are everywhere around us [1,2]. Apart from the standard
matter particles proton, neutron and electron, hundreds of other particles have been found [3,4],
produced in cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere or by accelerators. Hundreds of charged
particles traverse our bodies per second, and some will damage our DNA, one of the reasons for the
necessity of a sophisticated DNA repair mechanism in the cell.
2
Figure 1: Photograph of the interaction between a high-energy Ï--meson from the Berkeley
Bevatron accelerator and a proton in a liquid hydrogen bubble chamber, which produces two neutral
short-lived particles Î0 and K0 which decay into charged particles a bit further.
Figure 2: illustration of the interaction, and identification of bubble trails and variables to be
measured in the photograph in Figures 3 and 4.
The data for this experiment is in the form of a bubble chamber photograph which shows bubble
tracks made by elementary particles as they traverse liquid hydrogen. In the experiment under
study, a beam of low-energy negative pions (Ï- beam) hits a hydrogen target in a bubble chamber.
A bubble chamber [5] is essentially a container with a liquid kept just below its boiling point (T=20
K for hydrogen). A piston allows expanding the inside volume, thus lowering the pressure inside
the bubblechamber. When the beam particles enter the detector a piston slightly decompresses the
liquid so it becomes "super-critical'' and starts boiling, and bubbles form, first at the ionization
trails left by the charged particles traversing the liquid.
The reaction shown in Figure 1 shows the production of a pair of neutral particles (that do not leave
a ionized trail in their wake), which after a short while decay into pairs of charged particles:
Ï - + p â Îo + Ko,
3
where the neutral particles Îo and Ko decay as follows:
Îo â p + Ï-, Ko â Ï+ + Ï-.
In this experiment, we assume the masses of the proton (mp = 938.3 MeV/c2) and the pions (mÏ+ =
mÏ- = 139.4 MeV/c2) to be known precisely, and we will determine the masses of the Î0 and the K0,
also in these mass energy units.
Momentum measurement
In order to âreconstructâ the interaction completely, one uses the conservation laws of (relativistic)
momentum and energy, plus the knowledge of the initial pion beam parameters (mass and
momentum). In order to measure momenta of the produced charged particles, the bubble chamber is
located inside a magnet that bends the charged particles in helical paths. The 1.5 T magnetic field is
directed up out of the photograph. The momentum p of each particle is directly proportional to the
radius of curvature R, which in turn can be calculated fro.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
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Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But thereâs more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, youâll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the âApproveâ button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
Butâif the âRejectâ button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP