9/3/2014 1 Nursing Theories & Health Assessment NUR 3069: Advanced Health Assessment Key Terms • Health and health pattern • Holism • Holistic • Theory • Nursing theory • Health assessment • Health promotion Perspectives on Nursing Theory • What is a theory as opposed to a conceptual framework? • What is nursing theory? • How do nursing theories relate to health assessment? • What theory can nurses use? 9/3/2014 2 Definition of Theory • Theory: A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena. • Purpose: Theory is developed for a reason that can be identified and specifies the context and situation in which the theory applies. Why Nursing Theory? • Nursing theory: • Guides nursing education, research, and practice. • Strengthens links between nurses in education, research, and practice. • Contributes to a well-founded basis for practice. • Helps nurses develop better understanding of factors affecting family function. • Directs nurses to more specific purposes than merely filling a gap. • Considers significant factors that influence nursing , and, therefore, helps nurses in nursing-specific situations. Nursing Theorists • Florence Nightingale: Environment is the central concept. • Viewed as all external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism (1860). • Virginia Henderson: Mind and body are inseparable • No two individuals are alike; each is unique (1966). 9/3/2014 3 Nursing Theorists (continued) • Martha Rogers: • A science of unitary human beings. • Person-environment are energy fields that evolve negentropically (1970). • Family system approach. • Callista Roy: Adaptation/Independence model (1974). • Dorothea Orem: Self-care maintains wholeness (1971). • Madeleine Leininger: Caring is universal and varies transculturally (1978). • Imogene King: • General systems framework. • Transactions within the dyad of nurse and client. • Margaret Newman: Total person approach to patient problems. Disease is a clue of preexisting life patterns (1979). Definition of Health, Health Pattern, & Health Promotion • Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. • Health pattern: A set of related traits, habits, or acts that affect a client's health. • Health promotion: Behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human potential. Health Assessment & The Nursing Process • Health assessment is a systematic method of collecting data about a client for the purposes of: • Determining the client’s current and ongoing health status. • Predicting risks to health. • Identifying health promotion activities. • The nursing process is a systematic, rational, dynamic, and cyclic process used by the nurse to plan and provide care for the client. 9/3/2014 4 Models of Health • Ecological Model: Examines the interaction of agent, host, and environment. • C.

1. 9/3/2014
1
Nursing Theories & Health
Assessment
NUR 3069: Advanced Health Assessment
Key Terms
• Health and health pattern
• Holism
• Holistic
• Theory
• Nursing theory
• Health assessment
• Health promotion
Perspectives on Nursing Theory
• What is a theory as opposed to a conceptual framework?
• What is nursing theory?
• How do nursing theories relate to health assessment?

2. • What theory can nurses use?
9/3/2014
2
Definition of Theory
• Theory:
A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a
tentative,
purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena.
• Purpose:
Theory is developed for a reason that can be identified and
specifies
the context and situation in which the theory applies.
Why Nursing Theory?
• Nursing theory:
• Guides nursing education, research, and practice.
• Strengthens links between nurses in education, research, and
practice.
• Contributes to a well-founded basis for practice.
• Helps nurses develop better understanding of factors affecting
family
function.
• Directs nurses to more specific purposes than merely filling a

3. gap.
• Considers significant factors that influence nursing , and,
therefore, helps
nurses in nursing-specific situations.
Nursing Theorists
• Florence Nightingale:
Environment is the central concept.
• Viewed as all external conditions and influences affecting the
life and development of an
organism (1860).
• Virginia Henderson:
Mind and body are inseparable
• No two individuals are alike; each is unique (1966).
9/3/2014
3
Nursing Theorists
(continued)
• Martha Rogers:
• A science of unitary human beings.
• Person-environment are energy fields that evolve
negentropically (1970).
• Family system approach.

4. • Callista Roy:
Adaptation/Independence model (1974).
• Dorothea Orem:
Self-care maintains wholeness (1971).
• Madeleine Leininger:
Caring is universal and varies transculturally (1978).
• Imogene King:
• General systems framework.
• Transactions within the dyad of nurse and client.
• Margaret Newman:
Total person approach to patient problems. Disease is a clue of
preexisting life
patterns (1979).
Definition of Health, Health Pattern, & Health Promotion
• Health:
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Health pattern:
A set of related traits, habits, or acts that affect a client's
health.
• Health promotion:
Behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and
actualize
human potential.
Health Assessment & The Nursing Process
• Health assessment is a systematic method of collecting data
about a

5. client for the purposes of:
• Determining the client’s current and ongoing health status.
• Predicting risks to health.
• Identifying health promotion activities.
• The nursing process is a systematic, rational, dynamic, and
cyclic
process used by the nurse to plan and provide care for the
client.
9/3/2014
4
Models of Health
• Ecological Model:
Examines the interaction of agent, host, and environment.
• Clinical model:
Health is defined as absence of disease or injury.
• Eudaemonistic models:
View health as actualization and complete development. Illness
prevents self-actualization.
• Health promotion model:
Defines health as the actualization of inherent and acquired
human
potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care,
and
satisfying relationships with others.

6. Nursing Theories & Health Assessment
• Nurses must recognize that each client has a personal
definition of
health, illness, and wellness.
• Nurses must be aware of their own personal definition of
health and
accept and respect the client’s definition of health.
Nursing Theories & Health Assessment
(continued)
• The importance of a theory depends on the professional and
personal values of a person.
• Nurses choose a theory for guiding research, practice, and
education.
• Nursing theory challenges existing practice and provides new
ways to
think about assessing clients and makes it possible for nurses to
envision new approaches to practice.
9/3/2014
5
Self-Quiz
Click the Quiz button to edit this quiz
References & Resources

7. • Chin, P. L. & Kramer, M. K. (2008). Integrated Theory and
Knowledge
Development in Nursing. (7th Ed.), Mosby, Elsevier, St. Louis,
Missouri.
• Reed, P. G., Shearer, N. C., & Nicholls, L. H. (2004).
Perspectives on
Nursing Theory (4th Ed.), Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins,
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
• Bickley, L.S. (2007). Bates Guide to Physical Examination
and History
Taking (9th Ed.). Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins,
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
• Damico, D. & Barbarito, C. (2007). Health & Physical
Assessment in
Nursing. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Sales Order
Donuts-R-Us

8. Date:
May 6, 2014
You eat them fresh, we bake them fresh.
Donut Order ID:
[1]
Customer ID:
[1]
Customer:
[First Name] [Last Name]
[Street Address] [Apt. #]
[City, ST ZIP Code]

9. [Home Phone] [Mobile Phone] [Other Phone]
Qty
Donut ID
Name
Description
Unit Price
Line Total
1
1
Plain
Plain Donut
$1.50
$1.50
5
2
Glazed
Glazed Donut
$1.75
$8.75
12
3
Cinnamon
Cinnamon Donut
$1.75
$21.00
3
4
Chocolate
Chocolate Donut
$1.75

10. $5.25
4
5
Sprinkle
Sprinkle Donut
$1.75
$7.00
5
6
Gluten-Free
Gluten-Free Donut
$2.00
$10.00
Subtotal
$53.50
Sales Tax
10%
Total
$58.85
Special Handling Notes:
Please include plates and napkins.
]
Thank you for your business!