The document discusses comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in English. It explains that the comparative form is used to compare two things, and is formed by adding "-er" to one-syllable adjectives or using "more" with multi-syllable adjectives. The superlative form is used to refer to something as the best or worst, and is formed by adding "-est" or using "most". It provides examples and exceptions to the rules.

1. Comparative and Superlative

2. Comparative
Is the name for the grammar used when
comparing two things. The two basic ways to
compare are using as .. as or than.
Examples: He is twice as old as his sister.
He is older than his sister

3. When comparing with as .. as, the adjective does not
change. When comparing with than, however, some
changes are necessary, depending on the number of
syllables the adjective:
one-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective
tall  taller
cold  colder
two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y
to -ier
happy  happier
easy  easier
lucky  luckier

4. Other 2-syllable adjectives: use more with the
unchanged adjective
crowded  more crowded
boring  more boring
careful  more careful
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the
unchanged adjective
difficult  more difficult
intelligent  more intelligent
enjoyable  more enjoyable
irritating  more irritating

5. Superlative
In the superlative you talk about one thing only
and how it is the best, worst, etc. You do not
compare two things.
Examples: He is the tallest of the class.
She is the youngest of the family

6. one-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective plus
“the”
tall  (the) tallest
cold  (the) coldest
two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y
to -iest plus “the”
happy  (the) happiest
easy  (the) easiest
lucky  (the) luckiest

7. Other 2-syllable adjectives: use most with the
unchanged adjective
crowded  (the) most crowded
boring  (the) most boring
careful  (the) most careful
Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use most with the
unchanged adjective
difficult  (the) most difficult
intelligent  (the) most intelligent
enjoyable  (the) most enjoyable
irritating  (the) most irritating

8. Exceptions
Irregular adjectives:
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
far
farther
farthest
little
less
least
many
more
most

9. Fill in the gaps with the comparative or
superlative form of the adjectives given.
1. A rock is _________ than a leaf. (heavy)
2. Our house is __________than yours. (big)
3. The princess is _________ than the witch. (beautiful)
4. Tom is a ___________ student than Mary. (good)
5. Bicycles are _________ than motorbikes. (safe)
6. Jim is the ________ player in the football team. (good)
7. Elephants are the ____________ animals. (heavy)
8. Let's pick the _____________ apple of the tree. (big)
9. Mary is the ____________ girl in the class. (thin)
10. That is the ________ sofa in our house. (comfortable)

10. Demonstrative pronouns

11. demonstrate (verb): to show; to indicate; to
point to
A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or
things:
near in distance or time (this, these)
far in distance or time (that, those)

12. demonstrate (verb): to show; to indicate; to
point to
A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or
things:
near in distance or time (this, these)
far in distance or time (that, those)

13. Do not confuse demonstrative pronouns with
demonstrative adjectives. They are identical, but
a demonstrative pronoun stands alone, while a
demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun:
That smells. (demonstrative pronoun)
That book is good. (demonstrative adjective + noun)

14. Exercise
Choose the correct answer.
1. __________ book is
expensive.
a) This
b) These
2. __________ cat is small.
a) That
b) Those
3. __________ pens are blue.
a) This
b) These
4. __________ movie is funny.
a) That
b) Those
5. __________ airplanes are
very big.
a) That
b) Those

15. 6. __________ morning is
perfect for a walk.
a) This
b) These
9.__________ children are cold.
a) That
b) Those
7. __________ car is expensive. 10. __________ food is healthy.
a) That
a) This
b) Those
b) These
8. __________ candy is
delicious.
a) This
b) These