The document discusses adaptive combinatorial multimodal sensing physics and methods. It describes the vision to accelerate discovery of novel solid-state materials and device physics for next-generation adaptive and intelligent sensing. This would enable game-changing adaptive and autonomous intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. The document outlines opportunities in real-time adaptive sensing, including challenges in heterogeneous nanostructure design, photon-microstructure interactions, novel mixed-mode detectors, and optical-electric cooling and memory. Several emerging research areas and accidental discoveries are highlighted, such as diamond nanowires, multi-phase III-V nanocrystals, embedded ordered metal nanostructures, and lead chalcogenide nanorod liquid crystals. The summary provides a high-level
ARP is the industry leader in te-rahertz (THz) technology. ARP’s proprietary technology offers the world’s widest THz spectral range and highest (CW) power (not pulsed).
ARP is the industry leader in te-rahertz (THz) technology. ARP’s proprietary technology offers the world’s widest THz spectral range and highest (CW) power (not pulsed).
Contribution of Non-Scrambled Chroma Information in Privacy-Protected Face Im...Wesley De Neve
Contribution of Non-Scrambled Chroma Information in Privacy-Protected Face Images to Privacy Leakage. Presentation given at the 10th International Workshop on Digital Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW'11).
Note that a more extensive objective and subjective study of privacy protection in video surveillance systems can be found in the following book chapter:
H. Sohn, D. Lee, W. De Neve, K.N. Plataniotis, and Y.M. Ro. An objective and subjective evaluation of content-based privacy protection of face images in video surveillance systems using JPEG XR. Effective Surveillance for Homeland Security: Balancing Technology and Social Issues. CRC Press / Taylor & Francis. May 2013. pp. 111-140.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/wmdeneve/article/10831550
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439883242
Embracing Localization Inaccuracy - A Case StudyUsman Raza
In recent years, indoor localization has become a hot research topic with some sophisticated solutions reaching accuracy on the order of ten centimeters. While certain classes of applications can justify the corresponding costs that come with these solutions, a wealth of applications have requirements that can be met at much lower cost by accepting lower accuracy. This paper explores one specific application for monitoring patients in a nursing home, showing that sufficient accuracy can be achieved with a carefully designed deployment of low-cost wireless sensor network nodes in combination with a simple RSSI-based localization technique. Notably our solution uses a single radio sample per period, a number that is much lower than similar approaches. This greatly eases the power burden of the nodes, resulting in a significant lifetime increase. This paper evaluates a concrete deployment from summer 2012 composed of fixed anchor motes throughout one floor of a nursing home and mobile units carried by patients. We show how two localization algorithms perform and demonstrate a clear improvement by following a set of simple guidelines to tune the anchor node placement. We show both quantitatively and qualitatively that the results meet the functional and non-functional system requirements.
Poster presented at the 19th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Tampa, FL, USA.
26-5: Neurophysiological Indices of Signal Processing in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Advancing Cetacean Cognition and Communication Research. Writt, D. M., Lopes, P. R., Kuczaj, S. A. II, Scheifele, P. M., dos Santos, M. E. (2011)
The presentation was delivered by FORTH at the 3rd International Workshop on the role of Semantic Web in Provenance Management 2012 (SWPM2012) in Heraklion, Greece on 28th of May 2012.
Abstract:
Workflow systems can produce very large amounts of provenance information. In this paper we introduce provenance-based inference rules as a means to reduce the amount of provenance information that has to be stored, and to ease quality control (e.g., corrections). We motivate this kind of (provenance) inference and identify a number of basic inference rules over a conceptual model appropriate for representing provenance. The proposed inference rules concern the interplay between (i) actors and carried out activities, (ii) activities and devices that were used for such activities, and, (iii) the presence of information objects and physical things at events. However, since a knowledge base is not static but it changes over time for various reasons, we also study how we can satisfy change requests while supporting and respecting the aforementioned inference rules. Towards this end, we elaborate on the specification of the required change operations.
Presentación de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid sobre tratamiento e interpretación de vídeo en temas relacionados con la video-vigilancia, realizada durante las jornadas HOIP 2010 organizadas por la Unidad de Sistemas de Información e Interacción TECNALIA.
Más información en http://www.tecnalia.com/es/ict-european-software-institute/index.htm
MIT 6.870 - Template Matching and Histograms (Nicolas Pinto, MIT)npinto
MIT 6.870 Object Recognition and Scene Understanding (Fall 2008)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/torralba/courses/6.870/6.870.recognition.htm
This class will review and discuss current approaches to object recognition and scene understanding in computer vision. The course will cover bag of words models, part based models, classifier based models, multiclass object recognition and transfer learning, concurrent recognition and segmentation, context models for object recognition, grammars for scene understanding and large datasets for semi supervised and unsupervised discovery of object and scene categories. We will be reading a mixture of papers from computer vision and influential works from cognitive psychology on object and scene recognition.
Evaluating the quality and generalization of individual functional brain parcellations in the fMRI neuroimaging sample of the Courtois NeuroMod project.
An introduction to the Courtois NeuroMod project - intensive brain scanning of six participants (fMRI, MEG) to help train artificial neural networks. Focus on the first data release cneuromod-2020
Contribution of Non-Scrambled Chroma Information in Privacy-Protected Face Im...Wesley De Neve
Contribution of Non-Scrambled Chroma Information in Privacy-Protected Face Images to Privacy Leakage. Presentation given at the 10th International Workshop on Digital Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW'11).
Note that a more extensive objective and subjective study of privacy protection in video surveillance systems can be found in the following book chapter:
H. Sohn, D. Lee, W. De Neve, K.N. Plataniotis, and Y.M. Ro. An objective and subjective evaluation of content-based privacy protection of face images in video surveillance systems using JPEG XR. Effective Surveillance for Homeland Security: Balancing Technology and Social Issues. CRC Press / Taylor & Francis. May 2013. pp. 111-140.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/wmdeneve/article/10831550
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439883242
Embracing Localization Inaccuracy - A Case StudyUsman Raza
In recent years, indoor localization has become a hot research topic with some sophisticated solutions reaching accuracy on the order of ten centimeters. While certain classes of applications can justify the corresponding costs that come with these solutions, a wealth of applications have requirements that can be met at much lower cost by accepting lower accuracy. This paper explores one specific application for monitoring patients in a nursing home, showing that sufficient accuracy can be achieved with a carefully designed deployment of low-cost wireless sensor network nodes in combination with a simple RSSI-based localization technique. Notably our solution uses a single radio sample per period, a number that is much lower than similar approaches. This greatly eases the power burden of the nodes, resulting in a significant lifetime increase. This paper evaluates a concrete deployment from summer 2012 composed of fixed anchor motes throughout one floor of a nursing home and mobile units carried by patients. We show how two localization algorithms perform and demonstrate a clear improvement by following a set of simple guidelines to tune the anchor node placement. We show both quantitatively and qualitatively that the results meet the functional and non-functional system requirements.
Poster presented at the 19th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Tampa, FL, USA.
26-5: Neurophysiological Indices of Signal Processing in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Advancing Cetacean Cognition and Communication Research. Writt, D. M., Lopes, P. R., Kuczaj, S. A. II, Scheifele, P. M., dos Santos, M. E. (2011)
The presentation was delivered by FORTH at the 3rd International Workshop on the role of Semantic Web in Provenance Management 2012 (SWPM2012) in Heraklion, Greece on 28th of May 2012.
Abstract:
Workflow systems can produce very large amounts of provenance information. In this paper we introduce provenance-based inference rules as a means to reduce the amount of provenance information that has to be stored, and to ease quality control (e.g., corrections). We motivate this kind of (provenance) inference and identify a number of basic inference rules over a conceptual model appropriate for representing provenance. The proposed inference rules concern the interplay between (i) actors and carried out activities, (ii) activities and devices that were used for such activities, and, (iii) the presence of information objects and physical things at events. However, since a knowledge base is not static but it changes over time for various reasons, we also study how we can satisfy change requests while supporting and respecting the aforementioned inference rules. Towards this end, we elaborate on the specification of the required change operations.
Presentación de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid sobre tratamiento e interpretación de vídeo en temas relacionados con la video-vigilancia, realizada durante las jornadas HOIP 2010 organizadas por la Unidad de Sistemas de Información e Interacción TECNALIA.
Más información en http://www.tecnalia.com/es/ict-european-software-institute/index.htm
MIT 6.870 - Template Matching and Histograms (Nicolas Pinto, MIT)npinto
MIT 6.870 Object Recognition and Scene Understanding (Fall 2008)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/torralba/courses/6.870/6.870.recognition.htm
This class will review and discuss current approaches to object recognition and scene understanding in computer vision. The course will cover bag of words models, part based models, classifier based models, multiclass object recognition and transfer learning, concurrent recognition and segmentation, context models for object recognition, grammars for scene understanding and large datasets for semi supervised and unsupervised discovery of object and scene categories. We will be reading a mixture of papers from computer vision and influential works from cognitive psychology on object and scene recognition.
Evaluating the quality and generalization of individual functional brain parcellations in the fMRI neuroimaging sample of the Courtois NeuroMod project.
An introduction to the Courtois NeuroMod project - intensive brain scanning of six participants (fMRI, MEG) to help train artificial neural networks. Focus on the first data release cneuromod-2020
Noise removal techniques for microwave remote sensing radar data and its eval...csandit
Microwave Remote Sensing data acquired by a RADAR sensor such as SAR(Synthetic Aperture
Radar) is affected by a peculiar kind of noise called speckle. This noise not only renders the
data ineffective for classification, texture analysis, segmentation etc. which are used for image
analysis purposes, but also degrades the overall contrast and radiometric quality of the image.
Here we discuss the various noise removal techniques which have been widely used by scientists
all over the world. Different filtering methods have their pros and cons, and no single method
can give the most satisfactory result. In order to circumvent those issues, better and better
methods are being attempted. One of the recent methods is that based on Wavelet technique.
This paper discusses the denoising techniques based on Wavelets and the results from some of
those methods. The relative merits and demerits of the filters and their evaluation is also done.
NOISE REMOVAL TECHNIQUES FOR MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING RADAR DATA AND ITS EVAL...cscpconf
Microwave Remote Sensing data acquired by a RADAR sensor such as SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) is affected by a peculiar kind of noise called speckle. This noise not only renders the
data ineffective for classification, texture analysis, segmentation etc. which are used for image analysis purposes, but also degrades the overall contrast and radiometric quality of the image. Here we discuss the various noise removal techniques which have been widely used by scientists all over the world. Different filtering methods have their pros and cons, and no single method can give the most satisfactory result. In order to circumvent those issues, better and better methods are being attempted. One of the recent methods is that based on Wavelet technique. This paper discusses the denoising techniques based on Wavelets and the results from some of those methods. The relative merits and demerits of the filters and their evaluation is also done.
Dr. Gernot S. Pomrenke presents an overview of his program, Photonics and Optoelectronics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Image Denoising Based On Wavelet for Satellite Imagery: A ReviewIJMER
In this paper studied the use of wavelet and their family to denoising images. Satellite images
are extensively used in the field of RS and GIS for land possession, mapping use for planning and
decision support. As of many Satellite image having common problem i.e. noise which hold unwanted
information in an images. Different types of noise are addressing different techniques to denoising
remotely sense images. Noise within the remote sensing images identifying and denoising them is big
challenge before the researcher. Therefore we review wavelet for denoising of the remote sensing
images. Thus implementing wavelet is essential to get much higher quality denoising image. However,
they are usually too computationally demanding. In order to reduce the
Adaptive Weight Computation Processor for Medical Ultrasound Beam former: VLS...iosrjce
We find difficult to detect and diagnosis the disease in olden times ,our human body is sensitive and
there are lot of obstacles in which we fail to understand the disease as well as the activities that are going inside
our body, so recently scientists have found out how ultrasound can be useful in medical field .In this paper we
discuss about the beam former technology using VLSI architecture and FPGA implementation.
A Methodology Of Forest Monitoring From Hyperspectral Images With Sparse Regu...sudare
Keigo Yoshida, Takashi Ohki, Masahiro Terabe, Hozuma Sekine, Tomomi Takeda. A methodology of forest monitoring from hyperspectral images with sparse regularization. In Proceedings of IGARSS\'2011. pp.1565-1568.
Abstract:
This paper presents a methodology to extract information on existing conditions of a forest from hyperspectral images and SAR images for the forest management. To overcome the difficulties in hyperspectral image analysis such as optimal band selection and model overfitting, a machine learning technique called sparse regularization was adopted. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Aerothermodynamics & Turbulence, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Chiping Li presents an overview of his program, Energy Conversion and Combustion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Mitat A. Birkan presents an overview of his program, Space Propulsion and Power, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Michael Berman presents an overview of his program, Molecular Dynamics & Theoretical Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Sensory Information Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Human Performance and Biosystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Energy, Power and Propulsion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Hugh C. DeLong presents an overview of his program, Natural Materials and Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Joycelyn S. Harrison presents an overview of her program, Low Density Materials, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Charles Lee presents an overview of his program, Organic Materials Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Ali Sayir presents an overview of his program, Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Harold Weinstock presents an overview of his program, Quantum Electronic Solids, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jim Hwang presents an overview of his program, Adaptive Multimode Sensing, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jim Hwang presents an overview of his program, GHz-THz Electronics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. B.L. "Les" Lee presents an overview of his program, Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Hugh C. DeLong presents an overview of his program, Complex Materials and Devices, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jay Myung presents an overview of his program, Computational Cognition and Robust Decision Making, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Frederica Darema presents an overview of his program, Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS), at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Tristan Nguyen presents an overview of his program, Sensing, Surveillance and Navigation, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Tristen Nguyen, presents an overview of his program, Science of Information, Computation and Fusion, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
More from The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (20)
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
1. Adaptive Combinatorial
Multimodal Sensing
Physics & Methods
7 Mar 2012
Dr. Kitt Reinhardt
Program Manager
AFOSR/RSE
Air Force Research Laboratory
Integrity Service Excellence
9 March 2012 DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1
2. Vision
Accelerate & exploit discovery of novel solid-state
materials science, nano/microstructure device
physics, and implementation schemes for future
breakthrough-generations of adaptive, intelligent,
compact and affordable combinatorial-multimodal
sensing and exploitation methods enabling for
game-changing adaptive & autonomous ISR.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 2
3. 2012 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW
NAME: Kitt Reinhardt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO: Multimodal Sensing Physics & Methods
LIST SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO:
• Heterogeneous Nanostructure Design & Synthesis
- interface lattice-strain & defect mitigation in III-V & II-VIs
- energy band-edge alignment & barrier manipulation
• EO/IR Photon - Micro/Nanostructures Interactions
- new materials, structures, physics, and phenomenology
- novel photon-property transduction physics & methods
• Novel Mixed-Mode Detector Design, Physics, Methods
- adaptive spectral & polarimetric filters & tuning schemes
- embedded adaptive broadband absorption approaches
- embedded conductive conduits, transparent interconnects
• Optical/Electric -Cooling, 3-D Memory/Exploitation, Solar PV
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 3
4. Motivation
Support Emerging Info-in-War Revolution:
■ THREATS HAVE CHANGED → dispersed & elusive enemy
■ Near-real-time full situational awareness of threats
is paramount to maintain asymmetric advantage.
■ Increased reliance on autonomous ISR platforms.
■ Present com-links & exploitation methods and
resources are struggling to keep up…
“our warfighters are swimming in sensors but drowning in data – proliferation
of sensors and large data sets are overwhelming analysts, who lack the tools
to efficiently process, retrieve, store, and analyze vast amounts of data”
“data-to-decisions, cyber and autonomy are three of the seven stratefic
science & technology priorities for the Department”
Testimony of The Honorable Zachary J. Lemnios
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD(R&E))
Before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services
Zac Lemnios Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
March 1, 2011
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 4
5. Sensor Data Explosion…
…SENSOR DATA EXPLOSION
… Entirely new classes of detectors are needed:
→ smarter, more capable, compact, affordable
→ REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE SENSING would reduce data/com bottlenecks!
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 5
6. Real-Time Adaptive Sensing
Can Quicken the Kill-Chain
Provide RPA Sensor-Operators/analysts vastly greater flexibility (knobs to turn in REAL-
TIME) in choosing optimum sets of EO/IR sensor data to sense, collect & transmit.
CGS
PPSL
CGS
GDT
CGS, later increased onboard-automous control
Great! So where can we find one of these magical Real-Time Adaptive sensors?
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 6
7. Sensing Modes
Spatial (imaging): shape, internal features, context, range profile
Spectral (wavelength): materials characteristics & phenomenology
Polarization: shape, surface roughness, natural vs. manmade
Phase: 3D shape, interferometry
Time (temporal): motion, dynamics, vibration
S/M/LWIR Spatial Spectral Polarization imaging adds contrast
Spectral Bands Discrimination Discrimination for enhanced discrimination
Raw Infrared DOLP
DOLP
intensity image
So Intensity S1 0°/90° S2 45°/135°
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 7
8. 6.1 Opportunities in Real-Time Adaptive Sensing
A Multitude of Fundamental Materials Science & Device Physics Challenges & Opportunities
■ Sensor (FPA) mode agility/addressability (pixel location, multiple wavelengths, polarization)
+ compactness + affordability → vertically integrated-monolithic device constructs
■ Must innovate integrated-multi-functional structures & new interactions/transduction methods
Desired New Functional Capabilities Key Scientific Challenges
(a) integrated sense-modes (r, , S, vs. t) (for which no suitable solutions currently exist)
(b) vertically-aligned (boresight) modes
(c) real-time mode addressing, tune & read
(d) … the holygrail: ∫[(a) + (b) + (c)]dt
1
s
2
3
s
4
5
6
s
7
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 8
10. Diamond Nanowires – an accidental discovery
Jimmy Xu (Brown University)
Accidental discovery of diamond
All the fun discoveries nanowires – grown in CVD
in Carbon Allotropes
Crystallography checked!
Raman spectroscopy checked!
e- energy loss spectroscopy
IT ALL CHECKED OUT!
First found in 2008 - 1 atm and 900C.
Did not know beforehand.
Did not know the growth mechanism,
- all experimentally discovered - still don‟t know.
- all forms on sp2 bond side - Worse - could not reproduce it for 3 yrs !
Eventually decided to publish in Nano Lett 2010.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 10
11. Diamond Nanowires – an accidental discovery
Jimmy Xu (Brown University)
… then on Nov 11th, 2011, after Potential Applications
100’s of trials in 2 CVD reactors…
Superior single-photon source vs. CNTs. Another
reproducible Diamond Nanowires! spectral peak at 415nm, even brighter, stable at
room temperature, achieved in 2011.
→ new options for high-speed computing,
advanced imaging & secure communication.
TEM image of diamond
crystal planes EO/IR Sensing applications -- potentially
→ tunable absorbers & current conduction conduits
→ patterned elements for adaptive thin-film spectral
and polarization filters and modulators
Open Questions: Carbon
- Does physics allow the growth Liquid
Pressure
of diamond nanowires under Diamond
atmosphere pressure & 900C?
Diamond &
- Was the well-established Metastable
Graphite
Invited Feature Article in “Nanoscale” of graphite-diamond phase
transition condition wrong?
RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry) 2012 F. P. Bundy, et al., vol. 176,
Nature, 1955, p. 51.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 11
12. Multi-Phase III-V Nanocrystals
- A New Generation of Electronic Materials -
Chris Palmstrom (UCSB)
Science: understand & exploit novel formation methods GaxEr1-xSb nanowires in GaAs; growth
condition dependencies of GaxEr1-xSb nanostructure geometry, optical & electrical properties.
Novel Monolithic Heterogeneous Structures Embedding high concentrations
of epitaxial GaxEr1-xSb nano-
structures in GaAs
D.V. Klenov et al. Appl. Phys. Le . 86, 241901 (2005)
• RE-V‟s are thermodynamically Er
stable with III-V‟s
• Share a common fcc sublattice Er
5G
a
3
Er
Sb
• Layers are semimetallic
Ga
Er
Er
Er 3 Ga5
Ga
• Growth of III-V epitaxial
2
Er
Ga
3
overlayers over percolated Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 036806, July 2011
layers of RE-V layers Ga GaSb Sb J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 29(3) May/Jun 2011
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13. Embedded Ordered ErAs Metal Nanostructures
Seth Bank (UT Austin)
Scientific Problem: Innovative novel methods for epitaxial semimetallic ErAs
nanostructures/films in III-V stacks without degrading III-V layers grown above.
Epitaxial Metallic NanoStructures & Films Developed Templated Regrowth
1
a
2
3
or or
b
4
5
c
6
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14. Embedded Ordered ErAs Metal Nanostructures
Seth Bank (UT Austin)
Novel Embedded Patterned Films Embedded Film Characteristics
Films are continuous and suitable for buried contacts,
conduits, and multifunctional patterned structures.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 14
15. Lead Chalcogenide Nanorod Liquid Crystals
Joe Tischler & Janice E. Boercker (Navy Research Lab)
Science: innovate, understand, exploit synthesis of PbSe liquid crystals for polarization appl’s
Vision: bias-tunable thin-film Approach: investigate viability of PbSe nanorod liquid
polarizers, modulators, filters crystals suspended in TCE – TCE transparent to 11m.
potentially V=0 V = +/-
leverage
Gnd Increased nanorod density Increased bandgap
and aspect ratio: 4 →12 from to 1.0-2.0 μm
Aspect Ratio = 4 Aspect Ratio = 12
λ (m)
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 15
16. Lead Chalcogenide Nanorod Liquid Crystals
Joe Tischler & Janice E. Boercker (Navy Research Lab)
new theoretical and
physical understandings
Au pad
Alignment occurs between contacts
SiO2
Alignment occurs between
contact and substrate, not
the neighboring contact.
Nano Letters 11, 3476 (2011); J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 527 (2011); J. Mater. Chem. 21, 2616 (2011)
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 16
17. Novel Periodic Nanostructures and
Apertures for Multifunctional EO-RF Tuning
Yalin Lu (USAF Academy)
Tunable transmission, enhanced emission and modulation in ordered metallic nanostructures having varying
channel shape; selective enhanced photon absorption and carrier generation in novel solar cells structures:
→ Tailored effects via localized plasmonic resonance, Fabry-Perot cavity resonance, waveguiding, antenna effects, etc.
Novel PV Cells: selective photogeneration
and photocurrent enhancements of 30-50%
„Tunable Transmission & Enhanced Emission in Ordered Metallic Nanostructures Having Varying Channel Shape‟, Yalin Lu, Applied Physics A, 103, 597 (2011)
„Enhanced photon absorption and carrier generation in nanowire solar cells‟, Y. Lu et al., Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 3733-3743 (2012)
„Adding a thin metallic layer to silicon thin film solar cells‟, Y. Lu et al., Physica Status Solidi (c), 8, 843 (2011)
„Microstructured silicon created with a nanosecond neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser‟, Y. Lu et al., Appl. Phys. A, 104, 755 (2011)
„Enhanced Absorption in Si Solar Cells via Adding Thin Surface Plasmonic Layers & Surface Microstructures‟, Y. Lu et al., PIERs Online, 7, 331 (2011
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 17
18. Breakthrough Carrier Lifetimes in Type-II Superlattice
(T2SL) IR Photodetectors for Increased Temp Operation
Yong-Hang Zhang (ASU) - jointly supported by ARO MURI (Bill Clark)
Carrier lifetime in LWIR T2SL improved by 13 times from ~30 ns to 412 ns !!
Ga-free InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice yielded 412 ns lifetime
→ within the same order of magnitude of the reported record for HgCdTe (1 s)
→ could potentially lead to background limited T2SL MWIR-LWIR (3-12m)
performance higher operating higher temperatures than HzzzgCdTe !
Detailed calculations in mid 90’s predicted advantages of T2SLs
T2SLS detectors offer potential for:
• Larger effective mass than HgCdTe for the
same Eg → less band-to-band tunneling
• Suppressed Auger recombination in both
the conduction & valence bands; generation
& recombination decreases with wider Eg’s.
However, the predicted enhanced lifetimes in
T2SLs have eluded the community, until now.
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19. Breakthrough Carrier Lifetimes in T2SL Detectors
Yong-Hang Zhang (ASU) - jointly supported by ARO MURI (Bill Clark)
How did they do it? → replaced Ga in conventional InAs/InGaSb T2SL with As → InAs/InAsSb
Breakthrough InAs/InAsSb T2SL Carrier Lifetimes
PL Intensity Comparison Between ASU
Grown InAs/InAsSb and State-of-the-Art Y. H. Zhang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 251110 (2011)
InAs/InGaSb Grown by Industry Vendor
Y. H. Zhang et al., SPIE Defense and Security, Apr 2012
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 19
20. Novel Interband Cascade IR Photodetector (ICIP)
Rui Yang (U. of Oklahoma)
Innovation: novel quantum-engineered interband cascade (IC) structures for near room temp
mid-IR detector operation → ultra-low dark currents - detectivity close to 1010 Jones or higher.
Jan 2012
13 80K
10
Johnson-noise limited detectivity D* (Jones)
400 m diameter
12
10
160K
Key Features of ICIPs:
11
10
220K
10
Conventional depletion region is eliminated → suppression of SRH gen-current
10
9
Discrete architecture signal to noise ratio S/N Na1/2 (Na: No. of absorbers)
10
340K Step:20K
→ circumvent the diffusion length limitation → high absorption QE
8
10
2 3 4 5
wavelength (m)
The Johnson-noise limited detectivity Photo-carriers move over a short distance, i.e. one stage → fast response
(D*) exceeding 1012, 1011, 1010, 109
→ viable for high-speed devices: lasers-free-space com & heterodyne detection
Jones at 80, 160, 230, 300 K,
respectively.
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21. Novel Tunable NIR/LWIR Photodetector
Yong-Hang Zhang (ASU) – with joint support from ARO
2-Terminal Dual-Band IR Detector • A 2-band photodetector consisting of NIR
PIN & LWIR QWIP was demonstrated.
NIR/LWIR optical addressing
• The device is compatible with low-cost
demonstrated for the first time… standard ROICs for two-terminal FPA.
Other Pioneering Work Underway on Grant
• 3-color photodetectors using NIR PIN,
MWIR QWIP and LWIR QWIP.
Y.H. Zhang, “Optically-
Addressed Multiband • 4-color InAs/InAsSb T2SL photo-
Photodetector for Infrared detectors in MWIR and LWIR ranges.
Imaging Applications,”
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8268,
• UV to IR multi-color photodetectors
Jan 2012 using 6.1 Å II-VI and III-V materials.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 21
22. Novel Plasmonic Focal Plane Array
Sanjay Krishna (U. of New Mexico)
Innovation: 1st focal plan array (256x320) with integrated plasmonic resonators → 160% enhancement!
Approach:
Results:
Plasmonic Enhancement
… Raytheon has expressed strong
interest in transitioning into their
next generation (4th) detectors!
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23. Three Color InAs/GaSb Superlattice IR Detector
Sanjay Krishna (U. of New Mexico)
Innovation: 1st 3-terminal detector pixel implementing unipolar nBn/PbIbN architecture
Approach: Results:
For T=77K:
SWIR at Vb = +0.01V, D* = 1.8x1012 cmHz1/2/W
MWIR at Vb = -0.3V, D* = 1.4x1011 cmHz1/2/W
simulations: LWIR at Vb = -0.01V, D* = 9.9x1010 cmHz1/2/W
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25. Coordination/Conferences/International
DoD Coordination:
• ARO: jointly fund efforts with ASU on novel detector materials science & device approaches
• ARL: support ARL in-house: novel Hg-based semiconductor epi-growth studies (Adelphi),
collaboration with sensors group on doped Q-dot studies
• NRL: support in-house polarimetry filter research effort
• DARPA: coordinate w/Nibir Dhar in sensors -- their investments primarily ‘applied’ w/little 6.1
• NSF: follow nano-electronics investmnets, periodically attend reviews
Conferences/Workshops:
• SPIE DSS session organizer/speaker
• SPIE Photonics W. session organizer
• IEEE SISC: session organizer
• IEEE ICSC sponsor
International:
• National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan: CNTs
• Taras Shevchenko University, Kiev, Ukraine: polarimetry
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 25
26. Take Aways
Portfolio targets crucial long-term USAF ISR capability needs.
Strong thrusts established in multiple fundamental science
challenge areas spanning novel solid-state nanomaterials
and quantum structures synthesis, and breakthrough mixed-
mode multi-discriminate sensor device concepts and methods.
Good portfolio balance between theoretical and experimental
research – most efforts include elements of both.
Excellent progress achieved in novel heterogeneous nano-
structures synthesis and integration, novel photon//detector
materials interactions & phenomenology, and novel mixed-
mode sensing device concepts and methods.
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 26