This document outlines research being conducted on aerospace materials for extreme environments. It discusses several projects focused on predictive materials science, materials far from equilibrium, and surface catalysis testing. Specific research includes modeling of bulk metallic glasses, carbides, and textile composites; experiments on micro-architectured surfaces and plasma erosion; and testing surface catalysis in materials using laser-induced fluorescence in an inductively coupled plasma torch facility. The goal is to provide fundamental knowledge to enable advances in Air Force technologies through new materials that can withstand extreme conditions.
Dr. Michael Berman presents an overview of his program, Molecular Dynamics & Theoretical Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Chiping Li presents an overview of his program, Energy Conversion and Combustion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Aerothermodynamics & Turbulence, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jim Hwang presents an overview of his program, Adaptive Multimode Sensing, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Hugh C. DeLong presents an overview of his program, Complex Materials and Devices, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Energy, Power and Propulsion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Charles Lee presents an overview of his program, Organic Materials Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Frederica Darema presents an overview of his program, Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS), at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Michael Berman presents an overview of his program, Molecular Dynamics & Theoretical Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Chiping Li presents an overview of his program, Energy Conversion and Combustion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Aerothermodynamics & Turbulence, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jim Hwang presents an overview of his program, Adaptive Multimode Sensing, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Hugh C. DeLong presents an overview of his program, Complex Materials and Devices, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John D. Schmisseur presents an overview of his program, Energy, Power and Propulsion Sciences, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Charles Lee presents an overview of his program, Organic Materials Chemistry, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Frederica Darema presents an overview of his program, Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS), at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Joycelyn S. Harrison presents an overview of her program, Low Density Materials, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. B.L. "Les" Lee presents an overview of his program, Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
A space solar power satellite system or SSPS can generates electricity without CO2 gas nor harmful debris with competitive cost. So, it should be attached importance in SDG and ESG programs. The SSPS is a huge system working in space so that several key technologies have to be innovated or verified in space before the final manufacture. I will introduce those key technologies in terms of difficulty in applying to SSPS. In a research and development plan, key technologies with more difficulty should be ranked higher. Antennas are typically difficult ones. It is explained how the antenna is challenging compared with the existing antennas on the ground and in space. Finally, I will show you a R&D plan to put SSPS into practical use in about 30 years.
Long duration, lighter than air, stratospheric airships might offer a unique and compelling platform for a wide range of Earth science and astrophysics. There is also great commercial opportunity in stratospheric, stationary platforms that can remain aloft for months or even years at a time. A 2013 Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) series of workshops (http://kiss.caltech.edu/programs.html#airships) brought together a number of scientists and aerospace industry professionals to discuss this potential. The report from that study (http://kiss.caltech.edu/papers/airships/papers/airships.pdf) identified the need for a graduated approach to developing the necessary technology and recommended a funded challenge as one way to meet this need. The NASA Centennial Challenge office funded development of the Airships-20-20-20 Challenge, but NASA ultimately decided not to pursue the Challenge. I will describe the science enabled by airships and the proposed Challenge.
9 May 2012
Presentation by Riley Duren
Chief Systems Engineer
Earth Science & Technology
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
Copyright Caltech
How cities can accurately measure greenhouse gases
Space Radiation Superconductive Shield (SR2S) is an EU funded FP7 project which is researching new technology to protect astronauts in space from radiation. On 9th April 2014 in Torino, Italy, SR2S held their first conference to give an update on the project so far.
For more information visit:
www.sr2s.eu
Twitter - @SR2SMars
Researchers at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) are exploring ways in which unmanned aircraft systems are increasingly being used in civilian government work as well as the private sector for use in applications as diverse as cloud seeding to fighting forest fires.
Space Radiation Superconductive Shield (SR2S) is an EU funded FP7 project which is researching new technology to protect astronauts in space from radiation. On 9th April 2014 in Torino, Italy, SR2S held their first conference to give an update on the project so far.
For more information visit:
www.sr2s.eu
Twitter - @SR2SMars
Dr. Jeffrey Owrutsky presents an overview of Dr. Michael Berman's program - Molecular Dynamics and Theoretical Chemistry - at the AFOSR 2012 Spring Review.
Using the Pacific Research Platform for Earth Sciences Big DataLarry Smarr
Grand Challenge Lecture
Big Data and the Earth Sciences: Grand Challenges Workshop
Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute
University of California, San Diego
May 31, 2017
Natural Radioactivity Measurements of Basalt Rocks in Aden governorate, South...IOSR Journals
The amounts of radioactivity in the igneous rocks have been investigated; 63 basalt rock samples were collected from Aden governorate, South of Yemen. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured using NaI (TI) detector. Along the study area the radium equivalent activities Raeq in Bq/Kg of samples under investigation were found in the range of 51.60to 809.26Bq/Kg with an average value of 237.01Bq/Kg, this value is below the internationally accepted value of 370 Bq/Kg. To estimate the health effects of this natural radioactive composition, the average values of absorbed gamma dose rate D (55 nGyh-1), Indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rates Eied (0.11 mSvy-1), and Eoed (0.03 mSvy-1), External hazard index Hex(0.138) and internal hazard index Hin (0.154), and representative level index Iγr(0.386) have been calculated and found to be higher than the worldwide average values.
Dr. Joycelyn S. Harrison presents an overview of her program, Low Density Materials, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. B.L. "Les" Lee presents an overview of his program, Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Importance of SSPS in SDG and ESG, and importance of antennas in SSPSAdvanced-Concepts-Team
A space solar power satellite system or SSPS can generates electricity without CO2 gas nor harmful debris with competitive cost. So, it should be attached importance in SDG and ESG programs. The SSPS is a huge system working in space so that several key technologies have to be innovated or verified in space before the final manufacture. I will introduce those key technologies in terms of difficulty in applying to SSPS. In a research and development plan, key technologies with more difficulty should be ranked higher. Antennas are typically difficult ones. It is explained how the antenna is challenging compared with the existing antennas on the ground and in space. Finally, I will show you a R&D plan to put SSPS into practical use in about 30 years.
Long duration, lighter than air, stratospheric airships might offer a unique and compelling platform for a wide range of Earth science and astrophysics. There is also great commercial opportunity in stratospheric, stationary platforms that can remain aloft for months or even years at a time. A 2013 Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) series of workshops (http://kiss.caltech.edu/programs.html#airships) brought together a number of scientists and aerospace industry professionals to discuss this potential. The report from that study (http://kiss.caltech.edu/papers/airships/papers/airships.pdf) identified the need for a graduated approach to developing the necessary technology and recommended a funded challenge as one way to meet this need. The NASA Centennial Challenge office funded development of the Airships-20-20-20 Challenge, but NASA ultimately decided not to pursue the Challenge. I will describe the science enabled by airships and the proposed Challenge.
9 May 2012
Presentation by Riley Duren
Chief Systems Engineer
Earth Science & Technology
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
Copyright Caltech
How cities can accurately measure greenhouse gases
Space Radiation Superconductive Shield (SR2S) is an EU funded FP7 project which is researching new technology to protect astronauts in space from radiation. On 9th April 2014 in Torino, Italy, SR2S held their first conference to give an update on the project so far.
For more information visit:
www.sr2s.eu
Twitter - @SR2SMars
Researchers at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) are exploring ways in which unmanned aircraft systems are increasingly being used in civilian government work as well as the private sector for use in applications as diverse as cloud seeding to fighting forest fires.
Space Radiation Superconductive Shield (SR2S) is an EU funded FP7 project which is researching new technology to protect astronauts in space from radiation. On 9th April 2014 in Torino, Italy, SR2S held their first conference to give an update on the project so far.
For more information visit:
www.sr2s.eu
Twitter - @SR2SMars
Dr. Jeffrey Owrutsky presents an overview of Dr. Michael Berman's program - Molecular Dynamics and Theoretical Chemistry - at the AFOSR 2012 Spring Review.
Using the Pacific Research Platform for Earth Sciences Big DataLarry Smarr
Grand Challenge Lecture
Big Data and the Earth Sciences: Grand Challenges Workshop
Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute
University of California, San Diego
May 31, 2017
Natural Radioactivity Measurements of Basalt Rocks in Aden governorate, South...IOSR Journals
The amounts of radioactivity in the igneous rocks have been investigated; 63 basalt rock samples were collected from Aden governorate, South of Yemen. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured using NaI (TI) detector. Along the study area the radium equivalent activities Raeq in Bq/Kg of samples under investigation were found in the range of 51.60to 809.26Bq/Kg with an average value of 237.01Bq/Kg, this value is below the internationally accepted value of 370 Bq/Kg. To estimate the health effects of this natural radioactive composition, the average values of absorbed gamma dose rate D (55 nGyh-1), Indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rates Eied (0.11 mSvy-1), and Eoed (0.03 mSvy-1), External hazard index Hex(0.138) and internal hazard index Hin (0.154), and representative level index Iγr(0.386) have been calculated and found to be higher than the worldwide average values.
Plenary lecture of the XVIII B-MRS Meeting given by Prof. Antonio José Roque da Silva (CNPEM, Brazil) on September 24, 2019 at Balneário Camboriú (Brazil).
Dr. Mitat A. Birkan presents an overview of his program, Space Propulsion and Power, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Sensory Information Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Human Performance and Biosystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Hugh C. DeLong presents an overview of his program, Natural Materials and Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Harold Weinstock presents an overview of his program, Quantum Electronic Solids, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jim Hwang presents an overview of his program, GHz-THz Electronics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Gernot S. Pomrenke presents an overview of his program, Photonics and Optoelectronics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Jay Myung presents an overview of his program, Computational Cognition and Robust Decision Making, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Tristan Nguyen presents an overview of his program, Sensing, Surveillance and Navigation, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Tristen Nguyen, presents an overview of his program, Science of Information, Computation and Fusion, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Joseph Lyons, PhD presents an overview of his program, Trust and Influence, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Kathleen M. Kaplan presents an overview of his program, Systems and Software, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Robert J. Bonneau presents an overview of his program, Complex Networks / Foundations of Information Systems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Robert Herklotz presents an overview of his program, Information Operations & Security, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
James Fillerup, PE, Director, presents an overview of his program, SOARD Research Portfolio, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. John W. Luginsland presents an overview of his program, Plasma and Electro-energetic Physics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Arje Nachman presents an overview of his program, Electromagnetics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Tatjana Curcic presents an overview of his program, Atomic and Molecular Physics Program, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Kent Miller presents an overview of his program, Space Science, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Dr. Riq Parra presents an overview of his program, Ultrashort Pulse (USP) Laser -- Matter Interactions, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
More from The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (20)
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
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Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
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- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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Leading Change strategies and insights for effective change management pdf 1.pdf
Sayir - Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments - Spring Review 2013
1. 1DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution15 February 2013
Integrity Service Excellence
Dr. Ali Sayir
Program Officer
AFOSR/RTD
Air Force Research Laboratory
AEROSPACE MATERIALS
FOR EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
Date: 7 March 2013
2. 2DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
2013 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW
NAME: AEROSPACE MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:
To provide the fundamental knowledge required to enable revolutionary
advances in future Air Force technologies through the discovery and
characterization of materials that can withstand extreme environments.
LIST SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO:
• Theoretical and computational tools that aid in the discovery of new materials.
• Ceramics
• Metals
• Hybrids (including composites)
• Mathematics to quantify the microstructure to Predictive materials Science
• Physics and chemistry of materials in highly stressed environments
• Experimental and computational tools to address the complexity of combined
external fields at extreme environments.
3. 3DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
4. 4DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
“The Dream:”
Computational Material Design
Pick a set of structures
& compositions
Calculate their
properties
Improve
structure/composition
Experimental
fabrication & testing
“Optimal?”
No
Yes
Computer
Lab or Fab
W. Windl (OSU), K. Flores (WASHINGTON U. ), D. Hoffmann (CALTECH), E. Marquis (U. MICHIGAN
5. 5DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Ab-Initio Calculations
Ab Initio
Code
Hy = Ey
Input:
H O
H
Output:
H
O
H
Structure,
Energy
~5 Å
Theor.
Expt.
(scaled)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Band structure
EELS spectra
Kinetic parameters
Thermal properties
Mechanical prop’s
W. Windl (OSU), K. Flores (WASHINGTON U. ), D. Hoffmann (CALTECH), E. Marquis (U. MICHIGAN
6. 6DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Calculating Glass-Forming Ability
Tm
Tg
Good packing
density
No crystalline
symmetry (5-fold)
Stabilize liquid;
don’t lead to crystal nuclei Frank, F. C. (1952).
Liquid
Crystal
Crystallization inhibitors:
1. Driving Force: Icosahedra
2. Kinetics: Viscosity (fragility)
Direct Measurement:
Critical Cooling Rate
–Not computationally feasible
–Real time: 1 ms
–20 CPUs: 200 Years
critical
cooling rate
W. Windl (OSU), K. Flores (WASHINGTON U. ), D. Hoffmann (CALTECH), E. Marquis (U. MICHIGAN
7. 7DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Interatomic Potentials
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
35.0 45.0 55.0
Zr [at%]
Icosahedron Fraction
• Chosen Method: Green-Kubo
=
t
B
t
dstPstP
Tk
V
0
00 )()(lim
Zr
Al
Ni
Glassy &
Ductile!
atomistics.osu.edu
6.8254.66 ZrNiAl
Glass
Formable
regions
Ward, Agrawal,
Flores, Windl
(to be published)
W. Windl (OSU), K. Flores (WASHINGTON U. ), D. Hoffmann (CALTECH), E. Marquis (U. MICHIGAN
8. 8DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Metallic glass electrode- A closer
look
A. Taylor (YALE)
9. 9DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
10. 10DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Direct MD prediction compared to fracture and
dislocation nucleation models for SiC
2/15/2013
10
Fracture on 111
shuffle plane
Dislocation on
111glide plane
211
111
Fracturing
After fracture
211
111
Devanathan potential
211
111
211
111
dislocation nucleating
After dislocation nucleates
Erhart potential
Devanathan potential activation energy vs
temperature
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 200 400 600 800
Temperature (K)
Energyreleaserate(E/Gb)
111 surface energy
Erhart potential activation energy vs
temperature
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 200 400 600 800
Temperature (K)
Energyreleaserate(E/Gb)
111 surface energy
• Activation energy predicted
by the continuum model
• Elastic constants(T) + surface
energies(T) + unstable
stacking fault energies(T) +
3 0
3
ln( )D B
DB
I
I
Q k TN
dQk T K
dK
=
D. Warner (CORNELL U.)
11. 11DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Orientation Relationship of TaC and Ta4C3 phase
(1,-1,1)
70o
<110>
TaC
<110>
(1,1,-1)
<111>
500 nm
70o
TaC FCC-like structure yields FOUR {111} variants
– leads to equivalent precipitation habit planes for
Ta4C3 -criss-cross pattern morphology of laths
{111} planes
Loss of C on
{111} plane to
yield Ta4C3
G. Thompson (U. ALABAMA)
12. 12DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
1
1
2
2
5μm
1
5μ
m
1
4μm
2
2μm
2
5μm
2• Deviation from linearity
• Pop-in or displacement bursts, buckling, cracking
• Max CRSS on {111} planes
• Plastic flow due to formation of slip bands
• Shearing and cracking rather than catastrophic fracture specially
in 6μm pillars
Unsolved Problem: Scale Effect ZrC(001)
S. Kodambaka (UCLA)
13. 13DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
14. 14DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
www.nhsc-ms.org
National Hypersonic Science Center
• Highly integrated research program: graduate students & post docs
• 35 journal publications; 23 plenary/keynote presentations at international conferences
(including Mueller award lecture at ICACC'12, 4 lectures at 2012 Ceramics Gordon
Conference); 12 conference proceedings; 25 other conference papers
• Active collaborations with 10 universities.
• Sharing of data & modeling with AFRL, Army, NASA, Rolls Royce
• Organized International Summer School on Materials for Hypersonics, UCSB, Aug.
2011. Organized International workshop on high-temperature ceramic composites,
Boulder CO June 12-15 2012; www.engineceramics.org
D. Marshall, B. Cox (TELEDYNE), F. Zok (UC SB), B. Fahrenholtz (MST), P. Kroll (UT AUSTIN), Q. YANG (U. MIAMI), R. RITCHIE (UC BERKELEY)
15. 15DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
3-D Microstructural Characterization and
Geometry Generator
Compound visualization of statistical parameters
5mm
Compound visualization of statistical parameters
5mm
Tow cross
sectional
area
3-D image of C-SiC
composite
computational mesh
from geometric modelanalogue of Markov
chain method for tow
axis coordinates
stochastic irregular
elliptical cylinder for
each tow
problem: interpenetration
solution: enforce known
topology of textile
Statistical description of geometry
Tow paths
Cross-sectional areas
Orientation of cross section
Deviations from mean
Correlation lengths
create replicas of textile
reinforcement with same
statistics as those measured
D. Marshall, B. Cox (TELEDYNE), F. Zok (UC SB), Q. YANG (U. MIAMI), R. RITCHIE (UC BERKELEY)
16. 16DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution127 N, 25 oC
In-situ testing SiCf/SiCm at 25˚C
Load Extension Curve
(Single tow 1750˚C)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
Extension (mm)
Load(N)
ee
owow
AlAl
guidewayguideway
motor andmotor and
gearboxgearbox
X-rays
load cellload cell
furnacefurnace
sectionsection
withwith
activeactive
coolingcooling
OctopoleOctopole IR lampIR lamp
arrangementarrangement
ee
owow
AlAl
guidewayguideway
motor andmotor and
gearboxgearbox
X-rays
load cellload cell
furnacefurnace
sectionsection
withwith
activeactive
coolingcooling
OctopoleOctopole IR lampIR lamp
arrangementarrangement
In-situ testing SiCf/SiCm at 1750˚C
In-Situ 3D Tomography at 1750 C
R. Ritchie (UC BERKELEY)
Nature of
Materials 2013
17. 17DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Comparison of Simulation and
in-situ Tomography
In situ tomography 1750oC
D. Marshall, B. Cox (TELEDYNE), F. Zok (UCSB), Q. Yang (U. MIAMI), R. Ritchie (UC BERKELEY)
18. 18DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
19. 19DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Materials Far from Equilibrium:
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
N. Ghoniem / UCLA
Plasma Erosion & Modeling (Wirz - UCLA).
Plasma Source Development (Goebel – JPL/UCLA)
Secondary Electron Emission & Plasma Modeling (Raitses,
Kaganovich - PPPL).
Materials Characterization (Thompson - UA).
High Heat Flux Testing (Ghoniem - UCLA).
Manufacturing of Micro-architectured Materials (Williams -
ULTRAMET).
Multiscale Modeling of Material Damage (Ghoniem - UCLA).
Hole formation
[1994(MJ/m2),
0.2 (MW/m2)]
20. 20DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
[360 (MJ/m2),0.2 (MW/m2)]
Hole formation
[641(MJ/m2),0.2 (MW/m2)]
Fine hole formation
[1441(MJ/m2),0.2 (MW/m2)]
Hole formation
[128(MJ/m2),0.02 (MW/m2)]
No damage
[721(MJ/m2),0.4 (MW/m2)]
Limited damage
Hole formation
Damage for Heat flux < 1 MW/m2
N. Ghoniem (UCLA), Y. Raitses and I. Kaganovich (PRINCETON),
G. Thompson (U. ALABAMA), B. Williams (ULTRAMET)
[1994(MJ/m2),0.2 (MW/m2)]
21. 21DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Atomistic Simulations of Surface Defects in W
under Plasma Bombardment
Hopping of the adatom is the dominant
mechanism on (110) surface. The formation and
the movement of surface crowdions contributes
mostly on (001) surface. Exchange mechanism is
also important on (001) surface, biaxial strain can
manipulate the relative contribution of Path-Ex
and Path-Crow.
(001) (110)
r(r) of surface crowdion indicates the high
mobility and strong anistropy of its movement.
MD simulation indicates that the bombardment
of a Xe atom induces ballistic diffusion of W
atoms (W1 in the graph) and causes the
formation and evolution of crowdions near the
surface.
Snapshots of the bombardment of a Xe atom (KE =
100 eV) on W(001) surface at T = 200 K.
N. Ghoniem (UCLA)
22. 22DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Vacancy Production in Surface Layers Leads to
Surface Instabilities
Jerome Paret. Long-time dynamics of the three-dimensional biaxial
grinfeld instability. Physical Review E, 72:01105–1–5, 2005.
D. Walgraef, N.M. Ghoniem, and
J. Lauzeral. Deformation patterns
in thin films under uniform laser
irradiation. Phys.Rev., B
56:15361–15377, 1997.
N. Ghoniem (UCLA)
23. 23DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
24. 24DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Spatially resolved
measurement location
N + N + [s] → [s] + N2
Flight environment to ground
facility testing comparison
Approach: Compare surface-
catalyzed reaction efficiencies for
flexible and rigid materials with same
elemental composition by measuring
relative atom density and
temperature gradients above
material samples in the 30 kW ICP
Torch Facility using laser induced
fluorescence
Surface Catalysis Testing in a 30kW ICP
Torch Facility
D. Fletcher (U. VERMONT), J. Marshall (SRI), M. Akinc (ISU), J. Prepezko (U. Wisconsin)
25. 25DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
•Relative N atom concentration measurements for quartz and monolithic -SiC
•Increasing concentration toward wall indicates low surface catalyzed reaction efficiency
•From the nN plot, it can be seen that -SiC (Tw = 1300 K) is of comparable catalycity to quartz (Tw <
1000 K)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Quartz [20120404]
SiC Puck [20120321]
Distance Above Surface [mm]
=1
NormalizednN
[a.u.]
=0
Temperature[K]
Distance Above Surface [mm]
=0
Surface Catalytic Effect of SiC Testing in a
30kW ICP Torch Facility
D. Fletcher (U. VERMONT), J. Marshall (SRI), M. Akinc (ISU), J. Prepezko (U. Wisconsin)
26. 26DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
OUTLINE
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environment
III. Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives.
27. 27DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
Si
SiO2
SrTiO3
TiO2
Protective Ir
Interfacial dielectric responseElectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
2012 BRI: 2D-Materials for Extreme Environments
2013 BRI: Charge Transfer at the Interface
A. Demkov, unpublished work
Demkov 2010 Inoue 2009 Heidger 2012
• Demkov: Diffuse Interface
• Inoue: Stoichimetyry of Hf1-xO2-x
• Heidger: Termination
28. 28DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution
SUMMARY
I. Predictive Materials Science
Bulk Metallic Glasses
Carbides (SiC, TaC, Ta4C)
Textile Based Hybrid Composite (NHSC)
2012 MURI: Mosaic of Structure (CMU): Descriptor Challenge (wt. Dr. Fahroo)
2012 MURI: Atomic Scale Interface (LEHIGH) / (Dr. Shifler / ONR)
2013 MURI: Peridynamics (wt. Drs. Stargel & Fahroo)
II. Materials Far from Equilibrium
Micro-Architectured Surfaces
Surface Catalysis at Extreme Environments
2013 BRI: Layered Structured Materials (2D E-Gas)
III.Challenges, Motivations and New initiatives
2012 MURI: Template-Directed Directionally Solidified Eutectic Metamaterials
2013 MURI: Magneto-Electric Energy Conversion Materials and Terahertz
Emission in Unbiased Dielectrics (wt. Dr. Luginsland)
2013 BRI: Metal Dielectric Interface: Charge Transfer in Heterogeneous
Media under Extreme Environments (wt. Dr. Luginsland)