The document discusses making heterogeneous ontologies interoperable through standardization, presenting a scenario of an assisted living situation requiring integration of multiple ontologies to describe concepts like locations, devices, and food ingredients. It argues that different devices and services require understanding concepts at different levels of complexity and with different logical formalisms, requiring a standardized meta ontology language to bridge these differences and enable interoperability.
Project number: 224348
Project acronym: AEGIS
Project title: Open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 48 Months
AEGIS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the ICT programme of FP7
Timo Honkela: From Patterns of Movement to Subjectivity of UnderstandingTimo Honkela
Human visual system interprets information obtained through eyes to build a model of the surrounding world. This channel is our main source for understanding the world. Walking on a street, reading a book, or watching a movie all rely on our visual system. The relationship between movement, visual perception and language is complex. Movement is a specific focus of this presentation for several reasons. It is a fundamental part of human activities that ground our understanding of the world. Abstract meanings are often constructed as metaphoric extensions of movement schemas. As there is an increasing amount of video and motion tracking data available, formation of semantic models based on movement using computational methods is becoming feasible. In addition to movement, multilinguality and subjectivity of understanding are also addressed.
"Object Oriented Programming in Python" presentation for the "Dynamic Programming Languages" subject by Juan Manuel Gimeno Illa at University of Lleida
Project number: 224348
Project acronym: AEGIS
Project title: Open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 48 Months
AEGIS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the ICT programme of FP7
Timo Honkela: From Patterns of Movement to Subjectivity of UnderstandingTimo Honkela
Human visual system interprets information obtained through eyes to build a model of the surrounding world. This channel is our main source for understanding the world. Walking on a street, reading a book, or watching a movie all rely on our visual system. The relationship between movement, visual perception and language is complex. Movement is a specific focus of this presentation for several reasons. It is a fundamental part of human activities that ground our understanding of the world. Abstract meanings are often constructed as metaphoric extensions of movement schemas. As there is an increasing amount of video and motion tracking data available, formation of semantic models based on movement using computational methods is becoming feasible. In addition to movement, multilinguality and subjectivity of understanding are also addressed.
"Object Oriented Programming in Python" presentation for the "Dynamic Programming Languages" subject by Juan Manuel Gimeno Illa at University of Lleida
W001 - World Visions
Orario 09.30 – 13.00
Sala 4
TECHNOLOGIES, PARTNERSHIPS & BUSINESS MODELS
Developing new value-added services in the navigation markets
Project number: 224348
Project acronym: AEGIS
Project title: Open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 48 Months
AEGIS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the ICT programme of FP7
Veritas introduction to task models - User Forum Nottingham, UK, 20.09.2011AEGIS-ACCESSIBLE Projects
VERITAS (http://veritas-project.eu/) aims to develop, validate and assess tools for built-in accessibility support at all stages of ICT and non-ICT product development, including specification, design, development and testing. The goal is to introduce simulationbased and virtual reality testing at all stages of assistive technologies product design and development into the automotive, smart living spaces (buildings & construction, domotics), workplace, ehealth and infotainment applications areas. The goal is to ensure that future products and services are being systematically designed for all people including those with disabilities and functional limitations as well as older people. Furthermore, VERITAS plans to promote its results to the appropriate standards organisations for consideration and potential adoption and also to make them available through an open framework.
Project number: 247765
Project acronym: VERITAS
Project full title: Virtual and Augmented Environments and Realistic User Interactions To achieve Embedded Accessibility DesignS
Starting date: 1 January 2010
Duration: 48 Months
VERITAS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the 7th Framework Programme, Theme FP7-ICT-2009.7.2, Accessible and Assistive ICT
Semantic Rules Representation in Controlled Natural Language in FluentEditorCognitum
Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to present a way of representation of semantic rules (SWRL) in controlled natural language (English) in order to facilitate understanding the rules by humans interacting with a machine. The rule representation is implemented in FluentEditor – ontology editor with controlled natural language (CNL). The representation can be used in a lot of domains where people interact with machines and use specialized interfaces to define knowledge in a system (semantic knowledge base), e.g. representing medical knowledge and guidelines, procedures in crisis management or in management of any coordination processes. Such knowledge bases are able to support decision making in any discipline provided there is a knowledge stored in a proper semantic way.
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications IJwest
Ontologies have recently received popularity in the area of knowledge management and knowledge sharing,
especially after the evolution of the Semantic Web and its supporting technologies. An ontology defines the terms
and concepts (meaning) used to describe and represent an area of knowledge.The aim of this paper is to identify all
possible existing ontologies and ontology management tools (Protégé 3.4, Apollo, IsaViz & SWOOP) that are freely
available and review them in terms of: a) interoperability, b) openness, c) easiness to update and maintain, d)
market status and penetration. The results of the review in ontologies are analyzed for each application area, such
as transport, tourism, personal services, health and social services, natural languages and other HCI-related
domains. Ontology Building/Management Tools are used by different groups of people for performing diverse tasks.
Although each tool provides different functionalities, most of the users just use only one, because they are not able
to interchange their ontologies from one tool to another. In addition, we considered the compatibility of different
ontologies with different development and management tools. The paper is also concerns the detection of
commonalities and differences between the examined ontologies, both on the same domain (application area) and
among different domains.
W001 - World Visions
Orario 09.30 – 13.00
Sala 4
TECHNOLOGIES, PARTNERSHIPS & BUSINESS MODELS
Developing new value-added services in the navigation markets
Project number: 224348
Project acronym: AEGIS
Project title: Open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 48 Months
AEGIS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the ICT programme of FP7
Veritas introduction to task models - User Forum Nottingham, UK, 20.09.2011AEGIS-ACCESSIBLE Projects
VERITAS (http://veritas-project.eu/) aims to develop, validate and assess tools for built-in accessibility support at all stages of ICT and non-ICT product development, including specification, design, development and testing. The goal is to introduce simulationbased and virtual reality testing at all stages of assistive technologies product design and development into the automotive, smart living spaces (buildings & construction, domotics), workplace, ehealth and infotainment applications areas. The goal is to ensure that future products and services are being systematically designed for all people including those with disabilities and functional limitations as well as older people. Furthermore, VERITAS plans to promote its results to the appropriate standards organisations for consideration and potential adoption and also to make them available through an open framework.
Project number: 247765
Project acronym: VERITAS
Project full title: Virtual and Augmented Environments and Realistic User Interactions To achieve Embedded Accessibility DesignS
Starting date: 1 January 2010
Duration: 48 Months
VERITAS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the 7th Framework Programme, Theme FP7-ICT-2009.7.2, Accessible and Assistive ICT
Semantic Rules Representation in Controlled Natural Language in FluentEditorCognitum
Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to present a way of representation of semantic rules (SWRL) in controlled natural language (English) in order to facilitate understanding the rules by humans interacting with a machine. The rule representation is implemented in FluentEditor – ontology editor with controlled natural language (CNL). The representation can be used in a lot of domains where people interact with machines and use specialized interfaces to define knowledge in a system (semantic knowledge base), e.g. representing medical knowledge and guidelines, procedures in crisis management or in management of any coordination processes. Such knowledge bases are able to support decision making in any discipline provided there is a knowledge stored in a proper semantic way.
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications IJwest
Ontologies have recently received popularity in the area of knowledge management and knowledge sharing,
especially after the evolution of the Semantic Web and its supporting technologies. An ontology defines the terms
and concepts (meaning) used to describe and represent an area of knowledge.The aim of this paper is to identify all
possible existing ontologies and ontology management tools (Protégé 3.4, Apollo, IsaViz & SWOOP) that are freely
available and review them in terms of: a) interoperability, b) openness, c) easiness to update and maintain, d)
market status and penetration. The results of the review in ontologies are analyzed for each application area, such
as transport, tourism, personal services, health and social services, natural languages and other HCI-related
domains. Ontology Building/Management Tools are used by different groups of people for performing diverse tasks.
Although each tool provides different functionalities, most of the users just use only one, because they are not able
to interchange their ontologies from one tool to another. In addition, we considered the compatibility of different
ontologies with different development and management tools. The paper is also concerns the detection of
commonalities and differences between the examined ontologies, both on the same domain (application area) and
among different domains.
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications dannyijwest
Ontologies have recently received popularity in the area of knowledge management and knowledge sharing, especially after the evolution of the Semantic Web and its supporting technologies. An ontology defines the terms and concepts (meaning) used to describe and represent an area of knowledge.The aim of this paper is to identify all possible existing ontologies and ontology management tools (Protégé 3.4, Apollo, IsaViz & SWOOP) that are freely available and review them in terms of: a) interoperability, b) openness, c) easiness to update and maintain, d) market status and penetration. The results of the review in ontologies are analyzed for each application area, such as transport, tourism, personal services, health and social services, natural languages and other HCI-related domains. Ontology Building/Management Tools are used by different groups of people for performing diverse tasks. Although each tool provides different functionalities, most of the users just use only one, because they are not able to interchange their ontologies from one tool to another. In addition, we considered the compatibility of different ontologies with different development and management tools. The paper is also concerns the detection of commonalities and differences between the examined ontologies, both on the same domain (application area) and among different domains.
A Comparative Study of Ontology building Tools in Semantic Web Applications dannyijwest
Ontologies have recently received popularity in the area of knowledge management and knowledge sharing,
especially after the evolution of the Semantic Web and its supporting technologies. An ontology defines the terms
and concepts (meaning) used to describe and represent an area of knowledge.The aim of this paper is to identify all
possible existing ontologies and ontology management tools (Protégé 3.4, Apollo, IsaViz & SWOOP) that are freely
available and review them in terms of: a) interoperability, b) openness, c) easiness to update and maintain, d)
market status and penetration. The results of the review in ontologies are analyzed for each application area, such
as transport, tourism, personal services, health and social services, natural languages and other HCI-related
domains. Ontology Building/Management Tools are used by different groups of people for performing diverse tasks.
Although each tool provides different functionalities, most of the users just use only one, because they are not able
to interchange their ontologies from one tool to another. In addition, we considered the compatibility of different
ontologies with different development and management tools. The paper is also concerns the detection of
commonalities and differences between the examined ontologies, both on the same domain (application area) and
among different domains.
Gelijke kansen op informatie, toegankelijke documenten en communicatiekanalen...AEGIS-ACCESSIBLE Projects
Gelijke kansen op informatie, toegankelijke documenten
en communicatiekanalen (o.a. sociale media)
Presentatie op TOLBO symposium "Symposium toegankelijkheid van lokale besturen en overheidsdiensten voor personen met functiebeperkingen" - 20 maart 2012 in het Vlaams parlement.
Project number: 224145
Project acronym: ACCESSIBLE
Project title: Accessibility Assessment Simulation Environment for New Applications Design and Development
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 42 Months
ACCESSIBLE is a targeted research project (STREP) within the ICT programme of FP7.
http://www.accessible-project.eu/
Project number: 224348
Project acronym: AEGIS
Project title: Open Accessibility Everywhere: Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards
Starting date: 1 September 2008
Duration: 48 Months
AEGIS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the ICT programme of FP7
http://www.aegis-project.eu/
Project number: 247765
Project acronym: VERITAS
Project full title: Virtual and Augmented Environments and Realistic User Interactions To achieve Embedded Accessibility DesignS
Starting date: 1 January 2010
Duration: 48 Months
VERITAS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the 7th Framework Programme, Theme FP7-ICT-2009.7.2, Accessible and Assistive ICT
http://veritas-project.eu/
Project number: 247765
Project acronym: VERITAS
Project full title: Virtual and Augmented Environments and Realistic User Interactions To achieve Embedded Accessibility DesignS
Starting date: 1 January 2010
Duration: 48 Months
VERITAS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the 7th Framework Programme, Theme FP7-ICT-2009.7.2, Accessible and Assistive ICT
http://veritas-project.eu/
Project number: 247765
Project acronym: VERITAS
Project full title: Virtual and Augmented Environments and Realistic User Interactions To achieve Embedded Accessibility DesignS
Starting date: 1 January 2010
Duration: 48 Months
VERITAS is an Integrated Project (IP) within the 7th Framework Programme, Theme FP7-ICT-2009.7.2, Accessible and Assistive ICT
http://veritas-project.eu/
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
8 ontology integration and interoperability (onto i op)
1. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Making Heterogeneous Ontologies
Interoperable Through Standardisation
A Meta Ontology Language to be Standardised for
Ontology Integration and Interoperability (OntoIOp)
AEGIS Conference
Christoph Lange1,2 , Till Mossakowski1,3,4 ,
Christian Galinski5 , Oliver Kutz1,3
1 University of Bremen, Germany 2 Computer Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
3 SFB/TR 8 “Spatial cognition”, University of Bremen, Germany 4 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany
5 International Information Centre for Terminology (Infoterm), Vienna, Austria
2011-11-30
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 1
2. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Background: The OASIS EU project
OASIS = Open architecture for Accessible
Services Integration and Standardisation
Goal: an innovative reference architecture
(based on ontologies and semantic
services) that allows plug and play and
cost-effective interconnection of existing
and new services in all domains required
for the independent and autonomous
living of the elderly and enhancing their
Quality of Life
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 2
3. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Interoperable Assistive Technology
Assistive technology increasingly relies on communication
among users,
between users and their devices, and
among these devices.
Making such ICT accessible and inclusive is costly or even
impossible
We aim at more interoperable
devices,
services accessing these devices, and
content delivered by these services
. . . at the levels of
data and metadata
data models and data modelling methods
metamodels as well as a meta ontology language
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 3
4. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Our Big Picture of Interoperability
Knowledge Infrastructure Service-Oriented Smart Environment
Architecture
Concepts/Data/Individuals Service Target (Device)
Device
rabil r
ity
fo
Ontology Service Description Target Description
inte ppings
rope
ma
Ontology Language/Logic Service Descr. Language Target Descr. Language
Data Concepts/Data/Individuals processes Service accesses Target (Device)
Device
represented in terms of satisfies conforms to
Models Ontology refers to Service Description Target Description
written in written in written in
Metamodels Ontology Language/Logic Service Descr. Language Target Descr. Language
Knowledge Software Agents Hardware
For now we focus on
the “content”/
“knowledge” column
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 4
5. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
An Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Use Case
Scenario
Clara instructs her wheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next door to
the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza from the
freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.) Afterwards
she needs to rest in bed.
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
6. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
An Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Use Case
Scenario
Clara instructs her wheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next door
to the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza from
the freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)
Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)
cover the core of these concepts:
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
7. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
An Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Use Case
Scenario
Clara instructs her wheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next door
to the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza from
the freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)
Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)
cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required concepts
e.g. food ingredients ⇒ need other ontologies/modules
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
8. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
An Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Use Case
Scenario
Clara instructs her wheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next door
to the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza from
the freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)
Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)
cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required concepts
e.g. food ingredients ⇒ need other ontologies/modules
. . . not necessarily at the required level of complexity e.g.
space/time ⇒ need other logics
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
9. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
What do Devices Need to Know?
Some of the devices involved:
kitchen light switch
freezer (aware of its contents)
wheelchair (with navigation)
Different Services and Devices need to understand different
aspects of the real world at different levels of complexity.
Quote from the “Hitchhiker”
“Suddenly [the door] slid open. ‘Thank you,’
it said, ‘for making a simple door very
happy.’”
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 6
10. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Different Devices and their Knowledge
Light Switch: “light is switched on if and only if someone is in
the room and it is dark outside”
Freezer: “a vegetarian pizza is a pizza whose toppings are all
vegetarian”
Wheelchair: “two areas in a house (e.g. a working area in a
room) are either the same, or intersecting, or bordering, or
separated, or one is part of the other”
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 7
11. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Different Devices = Different Logics
Which logics can intuitively capture these notions?
Light Switch: propositional logic
“light is switched on if and only if someone is in the room and it
is dark outside” – light_on ≡ person_in_room ∧ dark_outside
Freezer: description logic (Pizza ontology)
“a vegetarian pizza is a pizza whose toppings are all vegetarian”
VegetarianPizza ≡ Pizza ∀hasTopping.Vegetarian
Wheelchair: first order logic (RCC-style spatial calculus)
“two areas in a house (e.g. a working area in a room) are either
the same, or intersecting, or bordering, or separated, or one is
part of the other”
∀a1 , a2 .equal(a1 , a2 ) ∨ overlapping(a1 , a2 ) ∨ bordering(a1 , a2 ) ∨
disconnected(a1 , a2 ) ∨ part_of(a1 , a2 ) ∨ part_of(a2 , a1 )
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 8
12. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
DOL (Distributed Ontology Language)
The DOL standard (Distributed Ontology Language) specifies
a meta-language for logically heterogeneous, modular,
interlinked, and documented ontologies
with a formal semantics and an XML, RDF and text syntax
that is compatible to conforming existing and future
ontology languages.
In practice, interoperability can only be achieved via standards:
formulate consensual rules under participation of major
stakeholders (here: ontology language communities)
improve suitability of products, processes and services
facilitate communication
reduce complexity (and thus costs)
increase quality via certification
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 9
13. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)
logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>
ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>
then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {
props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside
. light_on <=> person_in_room / dark_outside
with person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1
%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {
Class: VegetarianPizza
EquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {
. (forall (a1 a2)
(or (equal a1 a2)
...
(part_of a2 a1))
%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusive
with %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existing
languages; modular reuse; links between ontologies
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
14. Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
ISO Standardization Roadmap
The standardization of DOL (ISO 17347) so far involves experts
from ≈ 15 countries and various ontology-related communities.
Now: Working Drafts, towards Committee Draft (each stage
reviewed by experts, voted upon)
2013: Draft International Standard
2015: Final Draft, then International Standard
http://ontolog.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?OntoIOp
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 11