1. Oncology is the branch of science that deals with tumors and cancers. 2. An oncologist coordinates cancer treatment which may involve surgeons, radiation oncologists, and radiotherapists. 3. New methods of early cancer detection include gamma ray detectors, analyzing blood samples to detect tumors up to 5 years before detection by other methods, and fluorescent sprays that can highlight cancer cells during surgery.

1. Pedro Ruiz
Gallo
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SUBJECT:
MEDICAL
ENGLISH
PROFESSOR:

2. TEAM 8:
Burga Cueva Jonatan
Cabanillas Ventura Jorge
Chapoñán Bances Cristhian
Torres Tafur Karina
Zulueta Santacruz Jaroslav
Zúñiga Callacna Gustavo

3. ONCOLOGY
“ONCO” “-LOGY”
mass, or tumor study
Literally means
Branch of science that deals with
tumours and cancers

4. CANCER
Begins
When cells in a part of the body start to
grow out of control
There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start
because of abnormal cells which GROW OUT OF
CONTROL.

5. Role of an oncologist
Called: «Cancer specialists»
Oncologists
have several
specific roles
Diagnosis of the cancer
Staging the cancer
Grading the aggressive nature of the cancer

6. Treatment of cancer may involve
other specialists as:
Surgeons
Radiation oncologists
Radiotherapist
however, The cancer therapy is coordinated
by the oncologists

7. NEW METHODS OF CANCER
DETECTION
People usually start treatment when there are
physical symptoms of disease
Recent research for cancer are based on early
detection

8. COMMONLY in BREAST CANCER, it’s been
used a new mammography to detect tumors.
But now we have
GAMMA RAY DETECTORS.
It has higher resolution machine, specifically
dedicated to detecting breast cancer at early
stages and its assessment in later

9. A team of British researchers has developed a
SYSTEM TO DIAGNOSE TUMORS UP TO FIVE YEARS,
before it is detected with conventional methods
The system is based on how the immune
system responds in the early stages of tumor
development
METHOD: Analyzing only 10 milliliters of
blood, the cancer is detected.

10. Surgeons who operate strive cancer kill
cancer cells preserve as much healthy tissue
as they can
Unfortunately, cancer cells are notoriously
difficult to identify with the eyes
But now
A group of the National Cancer Institute, has
developed a FLUORESCENT SPRAY CAN
HIGHLIGHT CANCER CELLS

11. CANCER TREATMENTS
In cases where the cancer is detected at
an early stage, surgery may be ENOUGH
Surgery TO CURE the patient by removing all
cancer cells.

12. Radiation The radiation to kill cancer cells directly by
damaging them with high energy beams.
Chemotherapy drugs work by damaging
Chemotherapy cancer cells keep dividing and preventing
their reproduction.

13. They work by targeting specific proteins
and processes that are almost always
Specific inhibitors limited to cancer cells.
Inhibition of these processes prevents
growth and division of cancerous cells.
These antibodies can work through
several different mechanisms, either
depriving cancer cells of necessary signals
Antibodies or the direct death.
For their specificity, the antibodies can be
considered a type of specific inhibitors.

14. These treatments use normal proteins
Biological Response
that occur naturally in our bodies to
Modifiers
stimulate own defenses against cancer.
The purpose of cancer vaccines is to
stimulate our body's defenses.
Vaccines In administering these proteins, treatment
focuses on increasing the immune
response of our bodies against cancer
cells.

15. new perspectives in cancer
treatment

16. In treating cancer
with nanotechnology
could detect early
tumors or destroy
cancer cells.

17. PHOTOLUMINESCENT
NANOPARTICLES
They help to recognize
between cancerous cells
and healthy cells
Cell fluorescence microscopy loaded
nanoparticles.

18. NANODEVICES
• They can produce
a specific
anticancer
drug, particularly
in deep tumors of
the body.

19. It is the spread
of a disease
from one organ
to another NON-
AFFECTED organ
WHAT IS
METASTASIS?
Some cancer
cells penetrate
and infiltrate
normal tissues

20. EXAMPLE
colon cancer has a
tendency to
metastasize to the
liver.
What is
metastasis?
EXAMPLE
Stomach cancer
often metastasize to
the ovary in women,
then called a
Krukenberg tumor

21. Metastasis of breast
cancer, medulloblasto
ma and prostate
cancer all had similar
patterns of expression
of these genes
associated with
metastasis.
metastasis
and
primary
cancer
BIOPSY
The metastatic
signature has been can investigate the
associated with poor subpopulation of
prognosis and. cancer cells, except
subpopulation with
metastatic potential.