回帰不連続デザイン(Regression Discontinuity Design, RDD)Jaehyun Song
神戸大学法学研究 政治学方法論特殊講義III(担当: 藤村直史) 報告資料
回帰不連続デザイン(Regression Discontinuity Design, RDD)
報告日:2016年7月8日
( PDF version is also available in http://www.jaysong.net )
回帰不連続デザイン(Regression Discontinuity Design, RDD)Jaehyun Song
神戸大学法学研究 政治学方法論特殊講義III(担当: 藤村直史) 報告資料
回帰不連続デザイン(Regression Discontinuity Design, RDD)
報告日:2016年7月8日
( PDF version is also available in http://www.jaysong.net )
Observation of The Hot Research on Disruptive Science and Technology via Scie...Masatsura IGAMI
The document summarizes key insights from analyzing the Science Map 2014 using bibliometric methods. It identifies 844 research areas and groups them into categories like life sciences, environment, nanoscience, and physics. It observes expanding scientific research over time as seen by a 41% increase in research areas from 2002-2014. This is attributed to more publications and participation from countries like China. Emerging areas like graphene and iPS cells are also traced over multiple maps, showing their increasing prominence after major discoveries. The analysis of the science map provides a way to visualize hot research topics and changes in the structure of science globally over time.
Competition over research funds and junior researchers in Japanese universiti...Masatsura IGAMI
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) in Japan conducted a survey to corresponding authors, affiliated with Japanese organizations, of the scientific publications published during the period of 2004 to 2012. The survey asked about research funds and teams of research activities that produced scientific publications (the number of respondents is about 11 thousand and response rate is 53%).
The analyses of the survey revealed that research funds and teams that used in research activities vary depending on the affiliation sector and the affiliation university group that was defined by the publication share in Japan. The percentage of research activities that used extramural funds is the largest in the university group that has the largest publication share and tends to be smaller in the university groups with smaller publication share; however, the percentage of research activities that used extramural funds has been increasing in all university groups reflecting the increasing of the competitive funds in Japanese system. Analyses of the team composition show that junior researchers (bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows) are involved in the majority of research activities in universities; and therefore, the junior researchers play a crucial role in research. Each percentage of the involvement of the bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows also differs among the university groups and the research field. We also found that citation counts of the scientific publications correlates with both research funds and team composition.
In Japan, the number of doctoral course entrants has been decreasing ever since 2004 and weight of competitive funding has been increasing in the past decade, therefore our results suggest that how to attract and train junior researchers and secure stable funding are crucial to preserve research capability both in Japanese universities and academic societies.
Holistic and timely monitoring of sti system through an annual panel survey t...Masatsura IGAMI
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) expert survey on Japanese science, technology and innovation (STI) system is an annual panel survey administered to Japanese experts and researchers at universities, public research institutions, and private firms. It intends to track the status of STI in Japan through 57 questions related to Japanese STI system. The survey provides a holistic view of the STI system in timely manner and qualitative information such as diversity in basic research and usability of research funds, which is generally difficult to gauge based on research and development statistics. Owing to the originality of the data, various governmental councils and committees have referenced the survey’s results in their official documents, including planning the fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan (STBP). This paper provides an overview of the survey’s methodology and design, and discusses changes that have occurred in Japanese STI during the fourth STBP’s implementation period between 2011–2015. Finally, directions for the survey’s future development are discussed.
The document summarizes key findings from the Science Map 2014 report published by the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy in Japan. The science map identified 844 hot research areas by analyzing highly cited papers from 2009-2014. It shows the relationships and trends between these areas over time. The report analyzes differences in the research areas by country and funding organization. It finds that while Japan's coverage of areas remains steady, its weight is shifting towards larger, more competitive fields. Countries like China and Korea are expanding into new areas. The report also provides insights into how scientific research influences technological development.
本報告では、謝辞情報を用いたファンディング情報把握に向けて、Web of Science® (Science Citation Index Expanded)に収録されている日本論文について、謝辞情報の収録状況や表記バリエーションの実態をデータベース分析および事例分析を通じて把握した結果を紹介する。
具体的には、Web of Scienceに収録されている日本論文(2009年~2012年)における謝辞情報の収録状況を分野別、言語別、ジャーナル出版国別に調べた。日本論文が多く掲載されている38のジャーナルについては謝辞の記述ルールの状況を詳細に調査した。つぎに、出版年が2008~2013年の日本論文のうち、謝辞情報を含む23万論文に出現する資金配分機関等レコード約54万件について、資金配分機関等の表記バリエーションの状況を調べ、それらに対して網羅的なクリーニングを実施した。クリーニングを実施した資金配分機関等の情報を用いて試行的な分析も行った。また、これらの結果を踏まえ、謝辞情報を用いた事業やプログラムレベルの分析を可能とし、研究者への負担も軽減するための方策として、我が国で統一した課題番号(統一課題番号)を導入することを提案し、その実現に向けて想定されるロードマップを議論した。
(Research in progress paper, presented at STI2014) Exploring the effects of ...Masatsura IGAMI
This document discusses a study exploring how the motivations behind research projects influence team composition, management, and outputs. The study analyzed survey responses from Japanese and US researchers. Results showed projects motivated by "solving specific issues" had more actively managed teams with diverse skills, while those motivated by "fundamental understandings" saw less emphasis on commercialization. This suggests policies should support different project types in consistent ways and consider multiple indicators of success beyond publications and citations.
35. • 基盤的経費のみでは研究実施は困難、外部資金が必須。
• 研究活動を維持するために、多くの研究者が複数の研究費を
申請し、申請及び審査にかける時間が増大。
• 研究活動の継続性を保ち、研究時間や研究の多様性の確保に
つながるのであれば、大学による研究マネジメントが働くことを
前提に、基盤的経費を充実させることも検討に値するのでは。
• 国立大学等においては、基盤的経費の増加=運営費交付金の
増加だけでなく、大学の自己収入(産学連携収入、寄附金、クラ
ウドファンディング、病院収入等)のさらなる増加。
• 国が、中長期的な予算の動向を示し、それを着実に実施すれば
、大学は、収入源の組合せ等による組織マネジメントを、長期の
視点に立ってより効果的に実施。
基盤的経費と競争的資金のバランス
35
“Funding public research to serve society and the economy - What budgetary
balances and instruments?” OECD/CSTP, 2017/10