本報告では、謝辞情報を用いたファンディング情報把握に向けて、Web of Science® (Science Citation Index Expanded)に収録されている日本論文について、謝辞情報の収録状況や表記バリエーションの実態をデータベース分析および事例分析を通じて把握した結果を紹介する。
具体的には、Web of Scienceに収録されている日本論文(2009年~2012年)における謝辞情報の収録状況を分野別、言語別、ジャーナル出版国別に調べた。日本論文が多く掲載されている38のジャーナルについては謝辞の記述ルールの状況を詳細に調査した。つぎに、出版年が2008~2013年の日本論文のうち、謝辞情報を含む23万論文に出現する資金配分機関等レコード約54万件について、資金配分機関等の表記バリエーションの状況を調べ、それらに対して網羅的なクリーニングを実施した。クリーニングを実施した資金配分機関等の情報を用いて試行的な分析も行った。また、これらの結果を踏まえ、謝辞情報を用いた事業やプログラムレベルの分析を可能とし、研究者への負担も軽減するための方策として、我が国で統一した課題番号(統一課題番号)を導入することを提案し、その実現に向けて想定されるロードマップを議論した。
Competition over research funds and junior researchers in Japanese universiti...Masatsura IGAMI
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) in Japan conducted a survey to corresponding authors, affiliated with Japanese organizations, of the scientific publications published during the period of 2004 to 2012. The survey asked about research funds and teams of research activities that produced scientific publications (the number of respondents is about 11 thousand and response rate is 53%).
The analyses of the survey revealed that research funds and teams that used in research activities vary depending on the affiliation sector and the affiliation university group that was defined by the publication share in Japan. The percentage of research activities that used extramural funds is the largest in the university group that has the largest publication share and tends to be smaller in the university groups with smaller publication share; however, the percentage of research activities that used extramural funds has been increasing in all university groups reflecting the increasing of the competitive funds in Japanese system. Analyses of the team composition show that junior researchers (bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows) are involved in the majority of research activities in universities; and therefore, the junior researchers play a crucial role in research. Each percentage of the involvement of the bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows also differs among the university groups and the research field. We also found that citation counts of the scientific publications correlates with both research funds and team composition.
In Japan, the number of doctoral course entrants has been decreasing ever since 2004 and weight of competitive funding has been increasing in the past decade, therefore our results suggest that how to attract and train junior researchers and secure stable funding are crucial to preserve research capability both in Japanese universities and academic societies.
本報告では、謝辞情報を用いたファンディング情報把握に向けて、Web of Science® (Science Citation Index Expanded)に収録されている日本論文について、謝辞情報の収録状況や表記バリエーションの実態をデータベース分析および事例分析を通じて把握した結果を紹介する。
具体的には、Web of Scienceに収録されている日本論文(2009年~2012年)における謝辞情報の収録状況を分野別、言語別、ジャーナル出版国別に調べた。日本論文が多く掲載されている38のジャーナルについては謝辞の記述ルールの状況を詳細に調査した。つぎに、出版年が2008~2013年の日本論文のうち、謝辞情報を含む23万論文に出現する資金配分機関等レコード約54万件について、資金配分機関等の表記バリエーションの状況を調べ、それらに対して網羅的なクリーニングを実施した。クリーニングを実施した資金配分機関等の情報を用いて試行的な分析も行った。また、これらの結果を踏まえ、謝辞情報を用いた事業やプログラムレベルの分析を可能とし、研究者への負担も軽減するための方策として、我が国で統一した課題番号(統一課題番号)を導入することを提案し、その実現に向けて想定されるロードマップを議論した。
Competition over research funds and junior researchers in Japanese universiti...Masatsura IGAMI
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) in Japan conducted a survey to corresponding authors, affiliated with Japanese organizations, of the scientific publications published during the period of 2004 to 2012. The survey asked about research funds and teams of research activities that produced scientific publications (the number of respondents is about 11 thousand and response rate is 53%).
The analyses of the survey revealed that research funds and teams that used in research activities vary depending on the affiliation sector and the affiliation university group that was defined by the publication share in Japan. The percentage of research activities that used extramural funds is the largest in the university group that has the largest publication share and tends to be smaller in the university groups with smaller publication share; however, the percentage of research activities that used extramural funds has been increasing in all university groups reflecting the increasing of the competitive funds in Japanese system. Analyses of the team composition show that junior researchers (bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows) are involved in the majority of research activities in universities; and therefore, the junior researchers play a crucial role in research. Each percentage of the involvement of the bachelor/master’s students, PhD students, and postdoctoral fellows also differs among the university groups and the research field. We also found that citation counts of the scientific publications correlates with both research funds and team composition.
In Japan, the number of doctoral course entrants has been decreasing ever since 2004 and weight of competitive funding has been increasing in the past decade, therefore our results suggest that how to attract and train junior researchers and secure stable funding are crucial to preserve research capability both in Japanese universities and academic societies.
Holistic and timely monitoring of sti system through an annual panel survey t...Masatsura IGAMI
The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) expert survey on Japanese science, technology and innovation (STI) system is an annual panel survey administered to Japanese experts and researchers at universities, public research institutions, and private firms. It intends to track the status of STI in Japan through 57 questions related to Japanese STI system. The survey provides a holistic view of the STI system in timely manner and qualitative information such as diversity in basic research and usability of research funds, which is generally difficult to gauge based on research and development statistics. Owing to the originality of the data, various governmental councils and committees have referenced the survey’s results in their official documents, including planning the fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan (STBP). This paper provides an overview of the survey’s methodology and design, and discusses changes that have occurred in Japanese STI during the fourth STBP’s implementation period between 2011–2015. Finally, directions for the survey’s future development are discussed.
Science Map is a map of science that the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy has been publishing every two years. Hot research areas, research areas in which active research is being conducted, are obtained by the grouping of top 1% highly cited papers and mutual-relations among them are visualized through the mapping of the research areas on the two-dimensional space. This report shows results of Science Map 2014 and discussed time series changes of Science Maps since 2002.
Analyses of Science Maps show that the number of research areas in which Japan has participated remains flat since 2008, while the number of research areas in the world has been expanding over time. We introduced a concept of Sci-GEO chart which aims to classify research areas in terms of continuity of research areas and cognitive linkage among other research areas. We applied the Sci-GEO chart to Science Maps 2002 – 2014, and found that Japan’s participation to small island type research areas, having no continuity from the previous Science Map and showing weak cognitive linkage with other research, is small compared to benchmarking countries.
In Science Map 2014, we analyzed linkages between the Science Map and technology and linkages between the Science Map and funding information.
(Research in progress paper, presented at STI2014) Exploring the effects of ...Masatsura IGAMI
(Research in progress paper, presented at STI2014) Exploring the effects of the motivation of a research project on the research team composition, management, and outputs
Scientists' motivation to conduct research can be broadly classified as either external motivation, such as fame or financial gain, or internal motivation (Deci and Flaste, 1996). Various cases have demonstrated the importance of intellectual curiosity as an internal motivation (Misu, Horoiwa & Tsunoda, 2008; Stephan, 2012). At the same time, scientific research is a competitive process that seeks to establish priority (Merton, 1973). Consequently, the external motivation of achieving fame and recognition via the establishment of priority in research is also important.
The quadrant model introduced by Donald Stokes provides a method for classifying research motivation by content (Stokes, 1997). Stokes applied this concept to overcome the classification of research as one-dimensional (i.e., either basic or applied) and categorized research motivation into “pursuit of fundamental principles/understanding” and “solving specific issues in real life.” In this model, the Pasteur's quadrant covers such “use-inspired basic research” exemplified by the research by Pasteur, while the Bohr's quadrant covers pure basic research and the Edison's quadrant covers pure applied research.
Analyses of recent scientific papers reveal an increase in the number of authors per paper over time (Adams, Black, Clemmons, and Stephan, 2005; Wuchty, Jones, and Uzzi, 2007). This trend indicates a shift in the unit of scientific research from the individual to a team of scientists and implies that the composition and management of such teams have become increasingly important in scientific research.
On the basis of the previous studies, the purpose of this research in progress paper is to analyse the following questions: Is there relationship between motivation of a research project and (i) the composition of the research team; (ii) research management; and (iii) research outputs?
16. 機関同定の問題点
• 種々の通称や略称
• 正式ではない名称(Tokyo University)
• 機関名、部局名の一体化(Kyoto University School of
Medicineなど)
• 1つのアドレスデータレコードに2つの機関名
– 1人の著者が2つの機関に所属(特にJST)
– 異なる著者の所属機関が混在
– 共同実施制度
• 機関の英語名の変更
– Science University of Tokyo → Tokyo University of Science
• (Scopus) アドレスデータの中の所在地、機関名、下部組織
名の順序が一定しておらず、機関名の識別が困難
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