The document is the question paper for the Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination in Antennas and Propagation held in December 2013/January 2014. It contains 8 questions divided into 2 parts. Part A contains questions 1-4 covering topics like definitions related to antennas, derivation of expressions for directivity and effective aperture of antennas, field patterns of antenna arrays, and pattern multiplication. Part B contains questions 5-8 related to topics like radiation integrals, antenna arrays, and antenna measurements. Students had to answer 5 questions selecting at least 2 from each part.

1. 06EC6r
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examinationo Dec.2013 lJan.2oll
Digital Gommunication
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks:100
Note :
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PART _ A
State.the sampling theorem for band timitea signal. Show that the process of sampling a
ipsults in a periodic spectrum with a period equal to sampling ra-te.
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Derive an. expression for the spectrum of flat top samples -and explain the signal
reconslructlon process.
(0g Marks)
The spectnlm of a band pass signal occupies a band of width 0.5 kHz, centered around
+l0kHz. Find the Nyquist rate for quadrature sampling the in-phase and quadrature
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3 a.
b.
With a neat block diagram, explain DPCM transmitter and receiver.
(08 Marks)
Consider a random binary sequence where bits are statistically independent and equally
likely. Determine the power spectral density for the sequence represented in NRZ unipolar
c.
9iitid",la.sPeeclr signal with maximum frequency of 3.4 kHz and maximum amplitude of
I Volt.'It is applied to a delta modulator whose bit rate is set at 2,0 kbps. What is the
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Prove that the each bit in the codeword of a PCM system contributes 6 dB to the signal
to
quantization noise ratio.
(06 Marks)
What is robust quantization? With the help of compander transfer characteristics, explain the
process of non-uniform quantization.
(0g Marks)
Six independent message sources of bandwidths W, W, 2W, 2W, 3W and 3W hertz are to be
transmitted on a time division multiplexed basis using a common communication channel.
(i) Set up a scheme for accomplishing this multipGxing requirement, with each message
signal sampled at its Nyquist rate.
(ii) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth of the channel.
(06 Marks)
4 a.
What is ISI? Obtain the Nyquist criterion for distortionless baseband binary transmission.
(08 Marks)
b. A computer outputs binary d,ata at the rate of 56 kbps and transmitted rrirrg ,'6u,"6;;;
binary.P+M system which is
deSigned to have a raised cosine spectrum.
transmission bandwidth required for each of the following roll off factors:
c'
: 0.25
: 0.5
d.r.rrni". ifr.
(iii) u : 1.0
(08 Marks)
The binary data 001101001 are applied to the input of a duobinary system.
(i) Construct the duobinary coder output and corresponding riceiver output, without a
precoder.
(ii) Suppose that due to error during transmission the level at the receiver input
produced by the second digit is reduced to zero, cons
w receiver output.
(i)
cr
(ii)
cr
7
of2

2. 06EC61
PART _ B
5a.
Derive an expression for the average probability of symbol error for coherent binary PSK
signal.
b.
(08 Marks)
An FSK system transmits binary data at the rate of 2.5x106 bits per second. During the
course of transmission, white Gaussian noise of zero mean and power spectral density
WattslHzis added to the signal. In the absence of noise, the amplitude of the reeeived
sinusoidal wave for digit 1 or 0 is 1 microvolt. Determine the average probability of symbol
10-20
c.
, t ,
I -t-_ ___t_-- -_-LYa a _ n nn7oao
(08 Marks)
error, assuming coherent detection and the value erf(2.2):0-997828.
Obtain the differential encoded sequence and the transmitted phase for the binary data
(04 Marks)
1001001 1.
6a.Ex
b.
ort
Co
where
i > l. 2. 3" 4 and 1. :*
(i)
fo, some fixed integer u. .
I
What is the dimensionality, N, ofthe signal set.
(ii) Find a set of orthogonal basis functions to represent this set of signals.
(iii) Determine the coefficients of the signal S1(t).
(iv) Plot the signal constellation.
7 a.
b.
(10 Marks)
Explain the maximum likellhood detection for an AWGN channel.
(10 Marks)
,
Consider the signal, S(t) =
o=t=%.
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1-% /r<t <t
|
(i)
/-
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t
lL
elsewhere
Deterrridne the impulse response of a
filter matched to S(t).
(iD Plot the matched filter output
(iii) Determine the peak value of the output.
8a.
b.
(10 Marks)
With a neat block diagram, explain the liequency hop spread spectrum transmitter
and
(08 Marks)
A 3-stage shift register with a maximum length sequence of 0011101. Verify the three
properties of the PN
(09 Marks)
A direct sequence spread binary PSK uses a feedback shift register of length 19 for the
generation of the PN sequence. Calculate the processing gain of the
(03 Marks)
receiver.
sequence.
c.
system.
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2
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3. 068C62
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examinationo Dec.2013 lJan.20l4
Microprocessor
Max. Marks:100
Time: 3 hrs.
No te :
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f)AD'T
A
PART _ A
a. '"Explain the functions of the following units with reference to 8086 CPU:
(of lvtar!)
(i) trnstruction Queue (ii) Index Registers (iii) Segment Registers
with
b. !."ft_ql" the generation of 20-bit physical address in case of based addressing
!6-bit
c.
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displaeement.
(05 Marks)
8086. ,
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List and explain the need of status and control flags in
a_)
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(06 Marks)
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c.
(i) ArE
(ii)
RESET
(iii)
LOCK
(iv) MN/MX
(06 Marks)
Differentiate the following instruction:
MOV AX, DS:35H and MOV AX, 35H
(ii) AND and TEST
(08 Marks)
(iii) Shifl and Rotate
Write an assembly language program to furd the number of 1's and 0's for an S-bit data.
(i)
(06 Marks)
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3 a.
b.
c.
ooi
Explain the use of I{EP prefix for MOVS and STOS string instructions.
Write an ALP to perform the following using string instructions:
(i) Reverse a string (ii) Check for a palindrome.
Write the interrupt structure of
(05 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(05 Marks)
8086.
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Bring out the differences between MACRO and PROCEDURE.
(04 Marks)
(10 Marks)
b. Write an ALP to !.4!the factorial of a number using a protedure.
pins u,. u.,*,'t"d
c. Explain the response of 8086 *.,
cc
(06 Marks)
):;:,JrR
PPI.
' ,'
Explaih the control word format of 8255
Interfaee a matrix keyboard to 8086 using 8255 and explain its operation.
W-iite a short note on different types of key switches used in computers.
6 ,'dr Illustrate the need for an arithmetic coprocessor in a microcomputer system.
,,: b. Explain the different data types of 8087 with examples.
',,|', c. Explain the control Register format of 8087.
7 a.
b.
With a relevant block diagram, explain the maximum mode operation of
Write an ALP to interface a stepper motor to 8086.
8
(05 Marks)
(05 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(05 Plarks)
Write short notes on :
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
a.
b.
c.
d'
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Pentium Prooessor
special registers in 80386 cPU'
{<
*
{<
8086.
(05 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(10 Marks)
(20 Marks)
**

4. 10EC63
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examinationo Dec.2013 lJan.2Dl4
Microelectronics Gircuits
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks:100
Note:
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State all assumptions,
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including missing duta.,
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PART _ A
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Derive an expression for drain-to-source current ips from in v/s Vos relationship for triode
and saturationregions of n-MOSFET.
(10 Marks)
: 15nm, Fn : 550 cmzA/. Find k'" and caa and the
For an 0.8pm technology for which tox
overdrive voltage Vo, : Vr, - V1 required to operate a transistor having W/L : 20 in
saturation with Ir : 0.2 mA. What is the minimum Vos needed?
(06 Marks)
Design the circuit shown in Fig.Q.i(c) to obtain a drain voltage of 0.iV. What is the
effective resistance between drain and source? At this operating point, let V1 : 0.8V and
KlfY)=
'(L/
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g6)
og:
FO
lrnA/v2.
(04 Marks)
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Fig.Q.l (c)
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Briefly exp!4in any two types of biasing methods in MOS amplifier circuits. (06 Marks)
For a eommon source amplifier with g. : 2 mNY, r0 : 50Kf) and Rp : 10Kf),
Rc 10MO, RL :20KO and Rrlr: 0.5Mf). Calculate Rin, Gu, Au, A,o. R.ut.
(10 Marks)
=
Menfion any 4 comparison of important characteristics of MOSFET and the BJT. (04 Marks)
Explain the CMOS implementation of IC common source amplifier and hence eXplain how
to determine its small signal voltage gain.
(t0 Marks)
"
For the common gate amplifier with WL: 41tntl0.2pm. prnCox:350 VNY2, r0: 18 Kf),
Ip : 100prA, g.: 1.2 mAlY, X:0.2, R,: 10Kf), Ri_ : 100 KQ, Cg,:20fF, C*6 = 5ff,
Cr-:5ff. Find Aro, Rin, Rout, Gu, Gir, Gi and fu.
(10 Marks)
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4a.
b.
Explain the circuit of MOS cascade amplifier and hence obtain an expression for short
circuit transconductance Gy.
(10 Marks)
Explain briefly with neat circuit diagrams:
i) Wilson MOS mirror
ii) Widlar current source.
(10 Marks)

5. 10EC63
5a.
b.
iir
PART _ B
Explain the basic operation of BJT differential pair.
(08 Marks)
For the nMOS differential pair with a common-mode voltage V.* applied as shown in
Fig.Q.5(b). let Voo : Vss : 2.5Y, K: W/L =3mAlY2, Vtn : O.7Y,I : 0.2mA, Ro : 5Kf).
Neglect channel length modulation.
i) Find Vov and V6s for each transistor.
ii) For Vcrr,r: 0 find V., ior, ioz, Vor and Voz.
iii) Repeat (ii) for V..: lV.
ir) What is the highest value of V., for which Qr and Q2 remain in saturation, if current
source I requires a minimum voltage of 0.3V to operate properly. What is the lp-west value
(12 Marks)
,fu1V, and hence for V.-.
.,i' I
",.;,
6a.
b.
c.
7a.
b.
c.
F,igQ.5(b).
Explain briefly with expressions the properties of negative feedback.
(08 Marks)
A series-shunt feedback amplifiei employs a basic amplifier with input and output
resistances each of 1KQ and gain A : 2000 VA/. The feedback factor B 0.1 V/V. Find the
gain Althe input resistance Rjr and output resistance R", of the closed loop amplifier.
:
Explain briefly u,
urtq;i;u.
(06 Marks)
uro.ou.h for finding roo#guin aB.
Explain instrum€ntation amplifier with neat circuit diagrams. '
(08 Marks)
With neat diaEam, explain the sample and hold circuit using opamp.
(07 Marks)
Derive an. expression for an input resistance of the inverting amplifier taking into account
the finite'open loop gain A of the opamp shown in Fig.Q.7(c).
(05 Marks)
Fig.Q.7(c)
a.
b.
c.
(06 Marks)
',"
Briefly discuss the parameters used to characterize the operation and performance of logic
circuit families.
(08 Marks)
Write the expressions for propagation delay of an inverter.
(05 Marks)
Sketch a CMOS logic circuit that realizes the function Y = ag + AB using equivalence or
co-incidence function.
(07 Marks)

6. 06F,.C64
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2013 lJan.20l4
Antennas aflrd Propagation
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks:100
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at leust TWO epuestions from each part.
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PART _ A
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a.
Delqe the following:
D Isotropic radiator
iv) Beam width
(t
a)
c.
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CBad
v)
!2 dipole antenna derive the maximum eflbctive aperture and determine directivity.
'
,06 Marks)
Derive an expression for total fleld ,r case of two isotropic point sources with same
amplitude and opposite phase. Plot the relative tield pattern when these two isotropic
A
c.
aoart. And also determine the directions of maximum field and nulls.
(08 Marks)
Calculate the directivity lbr the sources having the tbilowing patterns:
ii)
LI
.=T,,cos$sinr0
where0<e<nand0<0<n
4()
3 a.
(06 Marks)
State and explain the principle of paiterrr rrultiplication. Plot tna defO pattern of an array
oj
twonon'isotropic dissimilar sources:E1 :cos$ and Ez: sin$ Zyt,wherc V
to
aq:
with reference to the sourcel as showrr
E'!o
JE
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=](cosO+f).
(06 Marks)
F'ig. Q3 (a).
I
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t-j,N_--l
].-<.:
k- c:=YU
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beamarea
1
For a
i) U=U,,sin0sin20
6-
0<e<90'. Findthe
(06 Marks)
Calculate the maximum Dower received at a distance of 1 km over a free space fbr a radio
link operating at 1 GHz fiequencv and consisting of transrnitting antenna with 25 dB gain
and a receiving antenna of 20 dB gain. ,tssume the transmitting antenna input is 200 Watts.
(04 Marks)
sources are soaced
L=
o.
(10 Marks)
and the directivity.
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50c
iii) Radiation int€nsity
Radiation ef1iciency
Anantenflahas a fieldpattern given br E(0)=cosr0 for
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ii) Direc'ivity
Fie. Q3 (a)
b.
What is an array fbctor? Obtain thc; arr:., t'actor for: a linear array of n isotropic point sources
(06 Marks)
of equal amplitude and same displacen',ei-rl.
A linear array of four isotropic
sources rrzith equal displacement
of
I2
and same amplitude
but a phase diffbrence of -d.. Plot lhe firlC pattern and determine half power beam width and
(08 Marks)
directions of nulls.

7. 068C64
a.
b.
c.
5a.
b.
c.
6a.
b.
c.
7a.
Derive an expression fbr the ratliation
re
Obtainthefieldpatternof-thinlinearirltennaoflengihD
Write shofi notes on:
i) Rhombic antenna
ii)
dipole.
L:: ii) L:1.
22
sistance of a shofi electric
Fclce;c dipoie antenna.
EAE-ts
Explain the corner reflector
Write shorl notes on:
i) Log-periodic antennas
iiive
(06Marks)
(06 Marks)
Considering the general case derive the tbr-freld equations lbr loop antenna.
State and explain the Batrinet's prinr;iplc.
Write shofi notes on:
ii) R;:iangular horn antenna.
i) Patch antenna
Discuss the features of lieiical antenna"
(08 Marks)
:he construciional details
.:
(08 Marks)
(04 Marks)
(08 Marks)
of helical antenna.
antennas.
[8:ilil[]
ii) Antennas for ground penetrating radar.
(08 Marks)
Explain the space wave propagation anC obtain the expression for modified refractive index.
(10 Marks)
b.
c.
Mention the conditions fbr sub-refractron, super refraction and duct propagation and draw a
(06 Marks)
suitable diagram to depict these regions above the earth surface.
An antenna located at tl-ie surfbce of the ear:th is used to receive the signals transmitted by
another antenna located at a height ot'60 m from the spherical surfbce of the earth (mean
radius
8 a.
b.
c.
:6370km). Calculate the optical and radio horizons tt
49lkm.
H =
(04 Marks)
Define the lollowing with respect to vaepropagation: ir CriticaI lrequency ii) Maximum
(06 Marks)
usable frequency (MUF) iii) Virtual height iv) Skip distance
Derive the expression for critical frecliiency in terms of maximum electron density,N,ffu*.rl
An electromagnetic vave at fiequency,' f is propagating through a lossy medium having
conductivity g, permittir,'itv e=eoe, and permeability p : Iro. Derive an expression for the
attenuation per unit length of the nilrl.illm. if o/(ro e) << 1. Show that the attenuation is
given by 60no/./e ,
.
(06 Marks)

8. 10EC65
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2013 lJan.2ol4
Operating Systems
.,
(.)
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. I!{arks:100
o
o
Note: Answer FIYEfull questions, selecting
ut lesst TWO questions from each part.
I
a
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fre
PART _ A
la.
b.
c.
Define an operating system. What are the different facets of user eonvenience? (06 Marks)
Explain partition based and pool based resource allocation strategies.
(06 Marks)
Explain time sharing operating system with respect to, i) Scheduling and ii) Memory
management.
(08 Marks)
de
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troo
2a.
b.
.=N
nbo
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machines?
In a batch processing system, the results of 1000 students are to be printed. Reading a card
or printing a result needs 100 msec whereas read/write operation in a disck needs only 20
msec. Processing a record needs only a 10 msec of CPu time. Compute the program elapsed
time and CPu idle time with and without spooling.
(06 Marks)
a.
b.
c.
What is a process? What are the components of a process? Explain.
(04 Marks)
Explain with neat diagrams, i) User threads ii) Kernel level threads.
(0s Marks)
With a neat diagram. explain different states of a process and state transitions in the LINIX
operaling syslem.
(08 Marks)
a.
b.
c.
Explain the techniques used to perform memory allocation by usiag a free list.
Explain internal'and external fragmentation with examples.
Compare corrtiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation methods.
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PART _ B
6 a.
o-
Z
(06 Marks)
(04 Marks)
What are the functions performed by the virtual memory manager? Explain. ,, ,, (08 Marks)
For the following page reference string, calculate the number of pug. faults with irIFO and
LRU page replacement policies when i) Number of page frames are thLree ii) Number of
page frames are four.
Page reference string : 5 4 3 2 | 4 3'5 4 3 2 I 5
Reference time string '. tt,t2,13,........., tr3
(12 Marks)
tr>
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(10 Marks)
5 a.
b.
(J=
90
C)
(08 Marks)
c.
a)2
oc)
What are the functions of an operating system? Explain.
(06 Marks)
Explain virtual machine operating system (VMOS). What are the advantages of using virtual
b.
c.
a neat diagram, explain the
facilities provided by the file system and IOCS layers.
(08 Marks)
Explain the index sequential file organization with an example.
(08 Marks)
What is a link? With an example, illustrate the use of a link in an acyclic graph structure
directory.

9. 10E,C65
7 a.
b.
.:::.
,rt
,,arr.,".
.o
ii) Long term and short term
Compare : i) Preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling
(08 Marks)
schedulers.
Describe the shortest request next (SRN) and highest response ratio next (HRN) scheduling
policies and determine the average turn around time and weighted turn around time for the
following set of processes shown in Table Q7 (b)
"'-t**'''
.
LlY.,,'=,,
Arrival time
a
:.....:::::.:
:,
o'{
..,:'
t "
8 a. Expfai,$"{) Direct and indirect naming.
u',ffiJocking and non blocking sends.
(06 Marks)
b. What is ffii{ box? With an example, explain the features of mffiMes and its advantages.
q,Fu=
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
j...'==
c. Explain pipes ar-ffressage queues in UNIX
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t
,=
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W-1-*,
,,,,.
-...,,,
:
,i.!J_,riiid"i
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10. 06EC63
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2013 lJan.Z0l4
Analog and Mixed Mode VLSI Design
Time: 3 hrs.
Note: Answer FIVE
1'a.
d
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,
(.)
b
c.
2 a.
3e
b.
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a.
b.
c.
4a.
b.
c.
26
PART _ A
(06 Marks)
Briefly explain the ADC specifications.
and hold, track and hold and show the typical errors
Draw the waveforms of sample
(08 Marks)
associated with S/H in hold mode and sample mode with reasons.
A digitally progralnmable signal generator uses a 14 bit DAC, with a 10V reference to
geneiate a DC output voltage. What is the smallest incremental change ilt the output that can
(06 Marks)
occur? What is the DAC's fullscale value? What is its accuracy?
Design a 3,'bit voltage mode DAC and determine the output v-o{agb for each of the eight
input codes, label each node voltage for each input. Asslgme that R : 1 KO and that
(10 Marks)
Rz : Rr : 10 K.f) and VnEe: 5V.
Briefly explain the architecture and working of cyclic DAC and show the value of the output
voltage at the end of eaoh cycle for a 6 bit cyclie DAC with an input value of 110101.
(10 Marks)
*,a
;T
oO
Explain with a neat block diagram, dual slope integrated ADC and disucss the accuracy
(08 Marks)
issues related to it.
flash ADC, make a table
Explain with neat block diagram th€ working of 4 bit, two step
listing the MSB's, Vr, Vz, V: and LSB'S fdr V6 : 9V and 2V. Assume VnEp : 16V. (08 Marks)
(04 Marks)
For a charge scaling DAC, obtain the expression for lINLl.u, and lDNLl,u".
(02 Marks)
Define nonlinear analog circuits with an example,
Draw the basic block of comparator and explain pre-amplification and decision circuits of
(10 Marks)
comparator. Draw their CMOS circuit.
Explain the concept of analog multiplier. With relevant diagram, explain multiplier using
squaringcircuits',
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c'i
(08 Marks)
'
PART-B
Define SNR, effective number of bits and clock jitter in mixed signal circuits qualitatively.
(06 Marks)
b. Explain"
c.
6a.
" u.'
,c.
9-
t<
full
Max. Marks:100
questions, selecting atleast TWO questions from eoch part.
7 a.
b.
c.
8 a.
b.
c.
frequency
accumulate and dump circuit used for decimation
response of the circuit for various values of K.
(08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
Briefly explain the principle of frequency sampling filter.
Define polycide, silicide, salicide and conductivity modulati
Explaintrue signal phase clocking (TSPC). Using TSPC, expla
Bring out the difference between normal CMOS process flow
flow.
(08 Marks)
.
(08 Marks)
pfocess
(04 Marks)
Draw the arrangement for 4 bit pipelined adder and fulI adder bit implemented using
(06 Marks)
dynamic logic with brief explanation.
Why do we need a boot strapped clock driver? With circuit explain its operation. (08 Marks)
(06 Marks)
Define MOSFET transition frequency and show how fr is determined.
Explain the limitation of inverter at the output of op-amp, with the help of its transfer curve.
(06 Marks)
How is it overcome?
(08 Marks)
Describe a mixed signal op-amp topology.
Draw the schematic of a fully differential op-amp and also mixed signal op-amp building
(06 Marks)
block with brief explanation.

11. 06EC6s
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2013lJtn.20l4
lnformation Theory and Goding
:',
Max. Marks:100
Time: 3 hrs.
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
.
d
()
o
L
g
PART _ A
la.
o
d
o
!
b.
(.)X
d9
7v)
-*ll
troa
o:Y
o=
=o
Define the following :
iii) Extremal property
i) Self inf.ormation ii) Entropy of the source
(04 Marks)
iv) Additive property
A black and w-hite TV picture consists of 525lines of picture information. Assume that each
line consists of 525 pixels, with each pixel having 256 equiprobable brightness levels.
Pictures are repe4ted at the rate of r, : 30 frames per second. Calculate the rate of
(06 Marks)
inlormation conveyed by a TV set to the viewer.
(c).
The state diagram of a Markov source is shown in Fig. Q1
i) Find the state probabilitr.
ii) Find the enlropy of each state Hr.
iii) Find the entropy of the first order source H(S).
iv) Find Gl. G2 and verif,y that. G, I G, 2 H(S)
*,a
6=
L
3
oO
6A
ooc
cg6
9=
Fig. Q1 (c): Markov source"'for Q1 (c)
(10 Marks)
3o
OE
o-a
2 a.
symbol input probability matrix find,
All effiiopies H(X), H(Y), H(X/Y), H(Y/X), H(XY).
ii) Data transmission rate.
iii) Channel capacity given r,: 1000 symbols / sec.
iv) Channel efficiency and redundancy.
oi'
i)
6=
A,i,
LO
JE
>.:
bocoo
aJ=
[: 1l
o-B
P(Yi
tr>
:o
v!
I
lr<
:^
o
For the binary symmetric channel characterized by the following noise matrix and given
x,=lT
lzl
ll. o,*,:l?l
lz 4)
.:'
(10 Marks)
L;l
b. A source emits a independent
sequence of symbols from an alphabet consisting of five
symbols from an alphabet consisting of five symbols A, B, C, D, E with probabilities
1113
z
=4, -g, g
c.
,
5
G, -
respectively. Find the Shannon code using Shannon encoding algorithm and
compute the efhciency.
Prove that H(XY) = H(Y) + U(X I V)
(06 Marks)
(04 Marks)

12. 06EC6s
3a.
Design
a
ternary Huffinan code
a = {1,1,1,1,:,1},
1348812t2)
for a source
S
= {s,,S2,Sj,s4,s5,s6} with
X = {0,1,2}, where X is code alphabet; by moving the combined
i) as high as possible ii) as low as possible. For each of the codes, find
i) Minimum average length ii) Variance iii) Code efficiency.
symbols
b.
For a binary erasure channel shown in Fig. Q3 (b) find the following:
i) Average mutual information
ii) Channel capacity.
iii) Values of P(x1) and P(x2) for maximum mutual information.
(12 Marks)
(08 Marks)
lco,l-vla,
Pt,'-^)
t-$
Tz
Fig. Q3 (b)
4 a.
Derive an equation for the capacity of a channel of bandwidth Bnz effected by additive
white Gaussian noise of power spectral density r'1 and hence prove Shannons limit
(08 Marks)
C : 1.44 S/q bps.
An analog signal has a 4 kHz bandwidth. The signal is sampled at 2.5 times the Nyquist rate
and each sample quantized into 256 equally likely levels. Assume that the successive levels
are statistically independent. :"
i) Find the information rate of the source.
ii) Canthe output of this source be transmitted without errors over a Gaussian channel of
/q
j I ratio oi20 dB?
bandwidth 50 kHz and I
N/
iii) If the output'"of this
source is to be transmitted without elrors over an analog channel
/o
having I i I
".N)
c.
"f
10 dB, compute the bandwidth requirement of the
Define differential entropy and briefly explain with relevant
channel.
equations.
(08 Marks)
(04 Marks)
PART _ B
5a.
b.
Explain the matrix representation of linear block codes.
For a systematic linear block code, the parity matrix P is given by,
(06 Marks)
[r 1l
tt r ol
1
tpl=|1
Lr
ll
tt 0
L0 r
1l
r.l
i) Find all possible code vectors.
ii) Draw the corresponding encoding circuit.
iii) A single error has occurred in each of the following received vectors.
iv)
correct those errors:
Ra: [0 1 1 1 1 1 0],Re:[1 0 1 1 1 00]
Draw the syndrome calculation circuit.
2 of3
Detect and
(14 Marks)

13. 06EC6s
6a.
b.
What is a binary cyclic code? Discuss the encoding and decoding circuit used to generate
(06 Marks)
binary cyclic codes.
A (15, 5) linear cyclic code has a generator polynomial,
g(x)
i)
ii)
=1+x+x'
+xo
+x' +xt +x'o
Draw the encoder and syndrome calculator circuit for this code.
Find the code polynomial for the message polynomial D(x) : 1 +
*'
+ *o in sy-stemJic
form.
-'
iii)IsV(x):1+xa+r.u+r8+*'oacodepolynomial?Ifnot,findthesyndrome.ofu(i).
,,
a.
b.
c.
d.
''' (l4Marks)
.,::
Explain the following error control codes:
Golay codes.
Shorten€d cyclic codes.
..:::..::.
RS codes.
Burst and Random error correcting codes.
(20 Marks)
code with g(r): (1 1 ol,gt:t: (1 0 1) and g(3):11 1 l;.
Consider the (3, 1
",i).oruolution
Draw the encodei,bfock diagram.
ii) Find the generator matfix,
iii) Find the codeword corresponding to the information sequence I 1 1 0 1, using the time
(20 Marks)
domain and transform domain approach. ', '-
i)
,,,,
,,
*
,r
**
?
nf
?
*,,,,,,,,

14. 06E,C661
USN
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2013/Jan.20l4
Programming in G++
:.:::.
I ,Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks:100
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from esch part.
()
o
o
.
la.
-A
Nante any 5 kelrvords which are there in C++ but not in
b.
c.
o
o
!
C.
2a.
b.
de
c.
(05lvlarks)
DistinguishbetweenLvalueandrvaluewithsuitableexamp1es.
yT, ir^qtq,,ptg...ssor directive? What are the different types of preprocessor directives used
'' '
in C++? f@iu;each with example.
(0e Marks)
,,
3q
bo
PART
.,:..,..1,
State the syntax and explain the various program control loops available in
What is a pointer? Explain with a
What is literal constan[? Give an
program.
example.
C++.
(12 Marks)
(05 Marks)
(03 Marks)
11
troa
.=N
(0+
3a.
g;i
b.
(Jg:
eO
c.
:e
o
4a.
:,1
;T
oa)
Explain bitwise and bitset operators giving appropriate examples.
(08 Marks)
With a C** program to develop mini calculator to perform arithmetic operation. (08 Marks)
With flowchart and psedocode, explain the following: i; Switch; ii) goto.
(04 Marks)
With
b.
c.
a program, explain the
call-by-value and call-by-reference parameter technique.
What is recursion? Write , p-,q;; to find the factorial of a given
What is 'inline' function? Explain with syntax.
(10 Marks)
(06 Marks)
(04 Marks)
no.
b0c
5a.
,Cg
b.
3()
'ia
oi:
s6.
tra.
What are the exceptiol t *aurg? E"fflflor3..r, types of exceptions.
Explain the meaning and syntax of a catch block and try block.
c.
!(d
Write a C+,+4rogram to realize the expression and handle the exeeption
o.i
I
ao
i, qq
E.i
6 a. lVith a simple C++ program,
,,,,,,"
b.
>'h
c.
bov
r<
-cn
()
o
,,,
, 7 a.
b.
c.
z
L
o
Z
x-y
..,.,:.:,.
!o
o-
R=
(08 Marks)
'i;
co0
o=
o. ii
tr>
:o
(08 Marks)
(04 Marks)
8 a.
b.
using a class, explain the ter
member and friend function.
Explain the characteristics of an object-oriented languages
Distinguish between a constructor and a destructor.
public, class
(10 Marks)
(05 Marks)
(05 Marks)
What is operator overloading? Write the syntax and name the
that cannot beoverloaded.
(05 Marks) ,,,
Write a C++ program to add two complex numbers by overloading the operator +. (05 Marks)
What are new and delete operator? Explain overloaded operator new and delete with
example.
(10 Marks)
,
What is multiple inheritance? Explain with an example.
(10 Marks)
Explain what is the relationship between class base class, derived class and protected
members, with the help of examples.
(10 Marks)
,,,,