This document discusses traditional herbal medicines used in Ayurveda and their properties. It lists several plants and plant parts used as medicines including shankhpushpi, punarnava, brahmi, neem, talispatra, rasna, nagarmotha, gokhru, colocynth, ashwagandha, kanchnar, guggul, karanj and their chemical constituents and medicinal uses. The plant parts discussed include aerial parts, dried herbs, barks, rhizomes, roots, fruits, leaves, flowers, seeds and their extracts are used to treat conditions like nervous disorders, digestive issues, skin diseases, fever, infections, inflammation and more

1. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
NAME, SYNONYMS B.S C.C. USES
Entire herb
Shankhpushpi, It consists of the aerial Oleo- resin, Medicinal preparation,nervous
(shankhvel, parts of the the plant xanthones, debility ,anti-viral activity,insanity
shankhini) known as Canscora Triterpens alkaloids &
decussate epilepsy treatment ,
(Gentianaceae) flavouring agent,Brain
tonic,tranquilizer
Punarnava, Dried herb Boerhaavia Punarnavine, Anti fibrinolytic agent , stomachic
(rakta Punarnava, diffussa Linn. punernavoside, ,jaundice treatment ,given in loss
hog weed) (Nyctaginaceae) potassium nitrate, ursolic of digestive power , enlargement of
acid spleen and abdominal
pains,diuretic , expectorant
Brahmi, Herb of Centella Asiaticoside rhamnose, Nerve tonic,
(Mandukparni) asiatica acetic acid, sedative,spasmolytics,
(umbelliferae) madecassoside , anti-anxiety and anti stress
(apiaceae) madecassic acid action,skin disease , leprosy and
syphilis treatment
Neem It consists of all aerial Azadirachtin,salanin, Insects repellant , insecticides ,anti
(margosa) parts of plant known as nimbin feedant nematicides,
Azadirachta indica Meliantriol, anti microbial & spermicidal
(Meliaceae) nimbidin, activity
Azadirachtin,
margolone,
margolonone
Leaf
Talispatra Dried leaf obtained TXA and decrease in total leukocyte count
from TXB,methanolic (TLC), lymphocytes and
Taxus baccata Linn, Taxu cholesterol level (mg/dl), whereas
(Taxaceae) baccatin,taxu,taxol,taxon increase was observed in serum
ol,taxon transminases (SGOT, SGPT) and
alkaline phosphatase (AP) of TXA-
1 and TXB-1 treated groups
indicating toxic conditions
associated due to liver
involvement.
Rhizome & Roots-
Rasna Dried rhizomes of Cineole, Aromatic stimulant carminative
(galangal, Alpinia Officnarum camphor, &condiment , rheumatism and
east india root , (Zingiberaceae) pinene, catarrhal infections treatment ,
Chinese ginger , resin,vol.oil, Anti-bacterial activity
lesser galangal) sorghumol,
galangin,
galangol,galanol,
galanon,alpionol
Nagarmoth Cyperus scariosus R.Br. annins, Alkaloids- herbal medicine, Ayurveda, and
Nagarmotha Musth. sennoside, Ascorbic tribal herbalism, perfumery
Cyperus rotundus L. acid, Bioflavonoids, compounds like anorexia,
(Sapindaceae.) vomiting, diarrhoea, dysentery and
specific and non-specific colitis.
fever, burning micturation, skin

2. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
diseases, rheumatoid arthritis,
painful menstruation, neurasthenia
and general debility
Fruit
Gokhru, Dried fullyripen fruits of Steroidal sapogenin, Diuretic ,tonic,tretmnet of
(Puncture vine) the plant diosgenin, calculous affections ,gout treatment
Tribulus terrestris linn. gitogenin, ,aayurvedica preparation
(Zygophyllaceae) chloroenin,
nuscogenin,kaemferol ,
tribuloside
Colocynth Dried pithy pulp of ripe Alpha- elaterin , Powerful purgative along with
(bitter apple, fruits of citrullus cucurbitacin, carminatives,
bitter colocynthis schrador colocynthi, exhibits necrotic action
cucumber ) (Cucurbitaceae) colocynthidin,
phytosterol,
fatty acids
Bark
Ashok Dried stem bark of the Tannin, Uterine tonic, sedative, stimulant
plant Saraca indica Linn hamatoxylin, effect by endometrium and ovarian
(Laguminosae) saponin, tissue
ketosterol, Useful for menorrhagia
leukocyanidin,
leucopelargonidin
Kanchnar Bauhinia variegata Linn. b-sitosterol, lupeol, toxins, negative emotions, sluggish
Kavidara, Mountain (Bauhinia purpuria Linn. kampferol, Tannins, metabolism, lack of sleep,
Ebony, Kanchanaram, (Leguminosae ) Alkaloids- sennoside,
Kanchnar, Chuvanna (Caesalpiniaceae Ascorbic acid,
mandaram, Bauhinia Fabaceae) Bioflavonoids
variegata
Unorganized
Guggul It is the oleo gum resin Guggulsterone , Anti –inflammatory ,
(Scented bdellium , obtained by making Guggulsterol, anti-rheumatic ,
gum giggul ) deep incisions at the steroids , hypo –cholesteremic ,
basal part of stem bark Diterpenoids, hypolipidemic activity
of Commiphora Carbohydrates,
weightii guggulsterol -1,2,3
(Burseraceae)

3. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
Seed- Karanj (Inidan beech)
Entire herb- Kantakari (Febrifuge plant)
Bark- Shirish (Albizia ,Cardiotonic ,anti -asthmatic and diabetic bark)
Underground Stem- Garlic (Allium stem, Expectorant stem)
Wood- Pterocarpus (Indian kino tree ,Malabar Kino) USE -DDD
Root and Rhizome- Majith(Maadar –Skin disease), Vaj (Calamus,sweet flag ,Jatila)
Fruit- Harde (Himaja laxative), Baheda(Myrobalan ,vibhita), Vidang(Kattukodi),
Bhilama (Marking Nut ,Bhela,anti -diabetic), (Piper(lindi piper) Use-AAA)
Leaf- Tylophora (Damvel ,anti-asthmatic),
Gymnema( garmar,gudmar ,anti-diabetic,Anti-hyperlipedemic),
Nagod (Nigundi, Indrani,five leaved chaste tree ,RA-tree)
Flower- Palash
(Parrot Tree,,bengal kino , Keshudo (Punjabi),uttarpradeshi tree)
Use -DM

4. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
NAME, B.S C.C. USES
SYNONYMS
Seed
Karanj It is a non edible semi – Karanjin,kanjone , Anti-diabetic
Indian Beech drying fixed oil obtained Lignoceric acid, oleic acid, Treatment of Scabies , herpes,
from the seeds of linolic acid,behenic acid, leucoderma and other
Pongamia glabra vent. palmitic acid, stearic acid, cutaneous disease ,
(Papilionaceae) Arachidic acid, rheumatism arthritis
pongapin,pongamol
Entire herb
Kantakari It is an entire herb of teroidal glycosides carpesterol, Expectorant,Root –
Indian solanum, Solanum indioside, beta-sitosterol, Asthma,Febrifuge,Dyspesia ,
Kateli, xanthocarpum dioscin, Solasodine, solamargine, colic ,constipation,CVS
Febrifuge plant (Solanaceae) beta-solamargine, disorders,amnorrhea
Solanosurine,solodine,solalol,sola
tidine ,xanthonoic acid,
xylic-isolinoic acid
Beta-setosterol,
Bark
Shirish Dried bark obtained Albibic acid, albebol, Asthma , Eczema,
(albizia) from Albizia amara & albenol,albellil, albenin, cardiotonic, anti-
Albizia lebbeck albenil, albizia, hyperlipidemic
(Mimosaceae.) albiazic acid, albizialol Leaf and flower
(leguminosae) anti inflammatory and ulcers.
erysipelas.astringent,
antidiarrhoeal,
antibacterial.
Underground Stem
Garlic Consists of bulbs of the Allicin 0.1 %, Carminative,
Allium,lasan plant known as allium allinin, allilin aphrodiasic,
sativum linn Aleonic acid , allinol, allilol expectorant,stimulant ,
(liliaceae) disinfectant ,treatment of
pulmonary condition,
condiment , rubefacient , high
B.P and atherosclerosis
Wood
Pterocarpus Dried juice of the plant Kitotannic acid , kino –red , Diabetes,Dysentery,
(bijasal , Pterocarpus kinoll, catechol,gallic Diarrhoea
Indian kino tree , marsupium Linn. acid,kinonin, ellagic acid , powerful astringent , treatment
malbar kino) (Laguminosae) etyl gallate, myrobalan of diahhorea and dysentery ,
pyrogallol,palmitic acid passive haemorrhage ,dyeing
tanning and printing

5. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
Root and Rhizome
Majith, Dried roots and rhizomes Alizarin,Rubiadin,Purpurine, skin problems like acne,
Maadar of Rubimallin,Rubi-folic acid, eczema, psoriasis etc. blood
Desi –Rubia cordifolia Rubi-Coumaric acid ,Majistin purifier,Hepatitis
Irani –Rubia Tinctorum
(Rubiaceae)
Vaj Dried roots and rhizomes Asarone, Antispasmodic, carminative ,
Calamus, Vaj, of acorus calamus Isocaramin Diol, bitter stimulant ,
Ghoda Vaj, (Araceae.) Acolamone, vermifuge,sedative, Nervine
Bach, Calamus (Acoraceae) Iso-acolamone, Calacone, tonic, emetic, stomachic,
Rhizome,Sweet Neo-calacone,Alpha- resuscitative, fever, .....
flag ,Jatila Pinine,limonine Garcinia Goraka Dried rind
(cosmetic use) Rheumatism,
Anticancer Anti malarial
Fruit-
Harde, It consists of dried, ripe, Harden,hardol, vitamin C, Laxative,purgative ,astringent
Haritaki,Himaja and fully matured fruits minerals, and amino acids,tannic antimicrobial, diuretic,
of acid ,chibulic acid ,palmitic acid , digestive stimulant,
Terminalia chebula & chebulin,Steric and Oleic acid
Myrobalan Chebula
(Combretaceae)
Baheda, Dried ripe fruits of the Gallic acid , Rujevinator , Astringent ,
Vibhita plant terminalia ellagic acid , treatment of dyseepsia &
(bahera, belerica Linn ethyl gallate, myrobalan , mylolic diarrhea, Bleeding and
bibhitak, (Combretaceae) acid gallolyl glucose Conjuctivitis
beleric Demulcent &purgative
myrobalan)
Vidang Dried ripe fruits of the Embelin,embellic acid , Ascaricidal, anthelmintic,
(Embelia ribes) plant Embelia ribes embellol,embenon,embenin, carminative, diuretic,
Kattukodi (Myrsinaceae.) Quercitol, Tannin, Christembine, astringent,Hypoglycemic,
Embelic acid, Resinoid, Vilangin, anti-tubercular
Potassium embelate anti-inflammatory,
antibacterial,
febrifuge. diseases of chest
and skin
Bhilama, Dried ripe fruits of the Bhilavanol,semicarpol, Counter-irritantant,
Marking plant bhilavanol-A ,B , anti-diabetic,
Nut,Bhela Semicarpus Bhilavanone,iso-bhilavanol,buta anti-inflammatory,
anacardium bhilavanol,bhilocarpol anti bacterial ,asthma,
(anacardiaceae) Epidermic carcinoma

6. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI
Piper, Dried ripe fruits of the Diterpenes, d- and l-limonene, l- Asthma ,anorexia,piles
Lindi piper plant piperitone,Piperadione Leaf—stimulant, carminative,
P. bantamense Piper attenuatum geranial.Piperlongumin ,piper astringent, antiseptic. Essential
Blume Piper longum longuminine,Piplartine oil from leaves—
(piperaceae) ,piperolactane –A,B antispasmodic,
Diterpenes, d-and l-limonene, antiseptic. Used in respiratory
l piperitone, lippone, , d-alpha- catarrhs. Fruit—bechic
pinene, dl-dihydrocarvone,
piperine, piperlonguminine
Leaf
Tylophora, Consists of Dried & Tylophorin , Anti-Asthmatic
Damvel Fresh leaves of ptyllic acid, tyallol, tyllin tyllinin, CNS depressant,
Tylophora fasciculate d-iso-tylocrebrine; tylocrebine anti-inflammatory
& Tylophora Indica Nor-tylophorine ,triterpenoids breadycardia,cathertics,
(Asclepiadaceae.) alpha-and beta-amyrin; expectorant ,
betasitosterol, stigmasterol and stomachic,Diuretic,
campesterol;phenylalanine; and Bronchitis
quercetin.
Gymnema Consists of Dried & Gymnemic acid 1-4 , Gs4 , Anti-diabetic,anti-
Gurmar, Fresh leaves of Gymnemagenin, hyperlipidemic, Diuretic
Gudmar, Gymnema Silvestre glycoprotein,sapogenin,Tartaric astringent,Diuretic ,
Dhuleti hirsutum acid ,Lupiol ,Gymnestrogenin cardiopathy,Dyspesia,
constipation
accuminatum
tingens
Momentum,
(Asclepiadaceae.)
Nagod Consists of Dried & Nigundoside,Nishidine , Rheumatism Arthritis
Nigundi, Fresh leaves of Vanillic acid, Astringent,febrifuge,Sedative,
Indrani,five Vitex Nigundo Linn Oleic acid, Nishindoside Tonic,vermifuge
leaved chaste (Verbenaceae)
tree
Flower
Palash Obtained from Butrin, butein and Astringent,Diarrhoea,
Dhak, Palah, Butea monosperma butinCoreopsin, Isocoreopsin, Dysentry , dyeing color for
Flame of the & butea frondosa Sulphurein and other Glycosides. fabric hair oil and Diabetes
Forest, Bastard (Fabaceae) Flower also has Chalkones and mellitus.
Teak, Parrot Aurones Glucose, Glycine and
Tree, Keshudo some Aromatic compounds
(Punjabi)
,Bengal kino

7. Traditional drugs (Part II) - NIRAV .R .SONI