7 Remypasquet Doublingcowpeayields
•
0 likes•193 views
This document discusses strategies for doubling cowpea yields through hybrid breeding. It notes that significant yield increases of up to 130% have been observed with F1 cowpea hybrids compared to traditional varieties. Hybrid breeding is seen as a way to strongly involve the private sector in cowpea seed systems. The document also discusses ways to facilitate pollen transport and the use of cytoplasmic male sterility to enable the production of hybrid seeds at scale. This could help meet the growing demand for cowpea from both smallholder farmers and urban populations.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Thermo-sensitive Wild aborted Cytoplasmic Genic Male Sterility in Rice (Oryza...
This paper reported a new male sterility system in rice, thermo-sensitive wild aborted cytoplasmic genic male sterility (TCMS-WA) having majority panicles completely exserted. True breeding TCMS-WA lines were developed from the self-progeny of three heterozygous CMS-WA lines (IR 58025A, IR 62829A, and PMS 3A). The plausible explanation for conserving heterozygosity within the genome of CMS-WA parents and its release was put forward. Presence of two different thermo-sensitive nuclear genes, one for inducing TCMS and the other for reverse TCMS character in CMS-WA parents appeared non-allelic and epistatic to the nuclear recessive ‘fr’ gene. Thermo-sensitive genes were found operative in two mutually exclusive environment-influenced genetic thresholds. TCMS-WA lines were superior to CMS-WA parents for homozygosity, panicle exsertion, and fertility-sterility alteration behavior. Genes controlling panicle exsertion were nuclear genes and independent of the cytoplasmic factor. Presence of three different alleles conferring panicle exsertion was postulated and their allelic relationship might be explained as the allele present in R-line was dominant to that in A-line and the allele present in A-line was dominant to that in B-line. Penetrance and expressivity of genes conferring panicle exsertion were elucidated. The major advantages of using TCMS-WA over TGMS for two-line hybrid development was discussed.
Searching and testing bread wheat genotypes for adaptation in the Tigray regi...
By: Hintsa Gebru*, D.S. Virk, Eyasu Abraha, Tesfay Belay, and Zeray Siyum
*Corresponding author: hagy516@yahoo.com
Presentation on Evolution of Wheat
Bread wheat is an allohexaploid species that evolved through two hybridization events followed by chromosome doubling. The first event involved hybridization of Triticum urartu and Triticum speltoides, producing a tetraploid species. The second event involved hybridization of the tetraploid with Triticum tauschii, producing hexaploid wheat with three complete genome sets. Most evidence now suggests the tetraploid intermediate was produced from hybridization of Triticum urartu and Aegilops speltoides, not Triticum speltoides as previously thought. Hexaploid wheat then evolved on farmers' fields through hybridization of the tetraploid or domesticated em
Deploying genome sequence information for pigeonpea improvement
This document discusses the deployment of genome sequencing information to improve pigeonpea, an important food legume crop. It outlines constraints on pigeonpea production including diseases and loss of genetic diversity. The author details efforts to use specialized genetic stocks, whole genome resequencing, and phenotyping to understand genetic diversity and identify alleles controlling traits like flowering time, shattering, and ligule development. Marker-trait associations have been found that can enable marker-assisted breeding to improve yield and other important traits. Overall, harnessing genetic diversity and the genome sequence is facilitating genetic gains in pigeonpea.
AOCC Launch - BGI
The African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC) on 3rd December 2013, launched the African Plant Breeding Academy to help improve the livelihoods of Africa’s smallholder farmers and their families, reduce hunger and boost Africa’s food supply.
Cowpea differential response to striga gesnerioides
This study evaluated 35 cowpea varieties for resistance to Striga gesnerioides using a pot technique method. Some breeding lines and local accessions showed complete resistance, with zero haustoria formed on roots. Striga emerged as early as 25 days after sowing. Variability existed among the varieties, with the number of Striga per pot ranging from 0 to 2.33. Varieties with some level of resistance were identified and should be tested against different Striga strains to establish their reactions and potential for use in improving resistant in susceptible varieties.
Synthetic hexploid wheat
Synthetic hexaploid wheat is an artificial hybrid of tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii that contains 42 chromosomes. It was first created in 1946 and numerous synthetic hexaploid wheats have since been produced globally. Compared to natural hexaploid wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat is estimated to have lost fewer genes following polyploidization and shows subgenome dominance of the D genome over the A and B genomes. Allopolyploidization leads to genomic changes in synthetic hexaploid wheat including DNA elimination, gene silencing, and duplication. Molecular characterization shows that synthetic hexaploid wheat retains parental expression level dominance and has nonadditively activated gene expression contributing to its hybrid vigor.
Varshney
This document discusses utilizing genome sequence information to improve pigeonpea. Pigeonpea is an important crop but productivity has remained stagnant. Challenges include a narrow genetic base and lack of molecular markers. The document outlines developing genetic resources like mapping populations and sequencing ESTs, SNPs, and genomes. It proposes using these resources to map resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, enhance genetic diversity through multi-parent populations, and conduct genome-wide association studies. Characterizing resistance genes and developing stress-tolerant lines and molecular markers could benefit pigeonpea breeding.
Recommended
Thermo-sensitive Wild aborted Cytoplasmic Genic Male Sterility in Rice (Oryza...
This paper reported a new male sterility system in rice, thermo-sensitive wild aborted cytoplasmic genic male sterility (TCMS-WA) having majority panicles completely exserted. True breeding TCMS-WA lines were developed from the self-progeny of three heterozygous CMS-WA lines (IR 58025A, IR 62829A, and PMS 3A). The plausible explanation for conserving heterozygosity within the genome of CMS-WA parents and its release was put forward. Presence of two different thermo-sensitive nuclear genes, one for inducing TCMS and the other for reverse TCMS character in CMS-WA parents appeared non-allelic and epistatic to the nuclear recessive ‘fr’ gene. Thermo-sensitive genes were found operative in two mutually exclusive environment-influenced genetic thresholds. TCMS-WA lines were superior to CMS-WA parents for homozygosity, panicle exsertion, and fertility-sterility alteration behavior. Genes controlling panicle exsertion were nuclear genes and independent of the cytoplasmic factor. Presence of three different alleles conferring panicle exsertion was postulated and their allelic relationship might be explained as the allele present in R-line was dominant to that in A-line and the allele present in A-line was dominant to that in B-line. Penetrance and expressivity of genes conferring panicle exsertion were elucidated. The major advantages of using TCMS-WA over TGMS for two-line hybrid development was discussed.
Searching and testing bread wheat genotypes for adaptation in the Tigray regi...
By: Hintsa Gebru*, D.S. Virk, Eyasu Abraha, Tesfay Belay, and Zeray Siyum
*Corresponding author: hagy516@yahoo.com
Presentation on Evolution of Wheat
Bread wheat is an allohexaploid species that evolved through two hybridization events followed by chromosome doubling. The first event involved hybridization of Triticum urartu and Triticum speltoides, producing a tetraploid species. The second event involved hybridization of the tetraploid with Triticum tauschii, producing hexaploid wheat with three complete genome sets. Most evidence now suggests the tetraploid intermediate was produced from hybridization of Triticum urartu and Aegilops speltoides, not Triticum speltoides as previously thought. Hexaploid wheat then evolved on farmers' fields through hybridization of the tetraploid or domesticated em
Deploying genome sequence information for pigeonpea improvement
This document discusses the deployment of genome sequencing information to improve pigeonpea, an important food legume crop. It outlines constraints on pigeonpea production including diseases and loss of genetic diversity. The author details efforts to use specialized genetic stocks, whole genome resequencing, and phenotyping to understand genetic diversity and identify alleles controlling traits like flowering time, shattering, and ligule development. Marker-trait associations have been found that can enable marker-assisted breeding to improve yield and other important traits. Overall, harnessing genetic diversity and the genome sequence is facilitating genetic gains in pigeonpea.
AOCC Launch - BGI
The African Orphan Crops Consortium (AOCC) on 3rd December 2013, launched the African Plant Breeding Academy to help improve the livelihoods of Africa’s smallholder farmers and their families, reduce hunger and boost Africa’s food supply.
Cowpea differential response to striga gesnerioides
This study evaluated 35 cowpea varieties for resistance to Striga gesnerioides using a pot technique method. Some breeding lines and local accessions showed complete resistance, with zero haustoria formed on roots. Striga emerged as early as 25 days after sowing. Variability existed among the varieties, with the number of Striga per pot ranging from 0 to 2.33. Varieties with some level of resistance were identified and should be tested against different Striga strains to establish their reactions and potential for use in improving resistant in susceptible varieties.
Synthetic hexploid wheat
Synthetic hexaploid wheat is an artificial hybrid of tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii that contains 42 chromosomes. It was first created in 1946 and numerous synthetic hexaploid wheats have since been produced globally. Compared to natural hexaploid wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat is estimated to have lost fewer genes following polyploidization and shows subgenome dominance of the D genome over the A and B genomes. Allopolyploidization leads to genomic changes in synthetic hexaploid wheat including DNA elimination, gene silencing, and duplication. Molecular characterization shows that synthetic hexaploid wheat retains parental expression level dominance and has nonadditively activated gene expression contributing to its hybrid vigor.
Varshney
This document discusses utilizing genome sequence information to improve pigeonpea. Pigeonpea is an important crop but productivity has remained stagnant. Challenges include a narrow genetic base and lack of molecular markers. The document outlines developing genetic resources like mapping populations and sequencing ESTs, SNPs, and genomes. It proposes using these resources to map resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, enhance genetic diversity through multi-parent populations, and conduct genome-wide association studies. Characterizing resistance genes and developing stress-tolerant lines and molecular markers could benefit pigeonpea breeding.
40 Jeff Ehlers Tli Objective2 Phase Ii Work Plan
This document outlines the Phase 2 workplan for an initiative to improve cowpea productivity in marginal environments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The plan involves partners across the cowpea growing region using modern breeding approaches like MARS (Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection) and MABC (Marker-Assisted Backcrossing) to develop improved cowpea varieties with resistance to drought, pests, and diseases. Key activities include developing genomic resources, employing MARS and MABC, capacity building, and the expected outputs including validated markers, improved breeding lines, and enhanced capacity for cowpea breeding in Africa.
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_Cowpea_Ghana
The CSIR-SARI Cowpea Breeding Program aims to improve infrastructure, breeding methods, and human capacity. Plans include upgrading facilities like the screen house and drip irrigation, developing climate resilient and extra-early maturing varieties, breeding for resistance to various stresses, and establishing marker-assisted selection and trait pyramiding protocols. The program also seeks to increase testing sites, properly manage data, and provide further training to staff in modern cowpea breeding techniques.
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan IITA Cowpea WCA
The IITA cowpea breeding program aims to strengthen its efforts through hiring additional staff, upgrading infrastructure, and optimizing breeding methodology. Plans include recruiting breeders, molecular scientists, and support technicians; upgrading screening facilities; prioritizing traits like aphid resistance and drought tolerance; shortening breeding cycles; and intensifying collaboration with national agricultural research systems. The goal is to increase adoption of improved cowpea varieties and better support smallholder farmers.
Green manures pk mani
This document provides information about green manures. It discusses that green manuring is the practice of ploughing or burying undecomposed green plant tissues into the soil to improve soil structure and fertility. It can be done in situ by growing a green manure crop in the same field or through green leaf manuring by incorporating leaves and twigs from other areas. Several leguminous crops are suitable as green manures such as dhaincha, sunnhemp, glyricidia, and leucaena due to their rapid growth and ability to fix nitrogen. The benefits of green manuring include adding organic matter, improving soil structure, providing nutrient uptake from deep layers, and fixing nitrogen for legumes. Methods
RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA
Cowpea Production Constraints,Breeding Goal,Achievements from Core Activities and Projects Activities,Proposed Activities for the next 2 years
Green Manuring
Green manuring contributes 40 to 80 kg of nitrogen per hectare to soils and supplies micro-nutrients and organic matter. It prevents nitrogen loss through leaching and erosion by developing vigorous root systems that bind soil particles. Green manuring crops reclaim saline and alkaline soils and some can also be used as fodder. There are two types of green manuring - green leaf manuring crops which are cut and used as mulch, and green manuring in situ where crops are plowed into the soil. Common crops used include Gliricidia maculata, Pongamia glabra, and various Crotalaria and Phaseolus species. Green manuring increases soil fertility, develops soil structure, enhances
Green manuring
This document discusses green manuring, which involves growing a crop specifically to improve soil fertility by plowing the crop back into the soil. It notes that Pakistani soils are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Green manuring helps build soil organic matter, improves soil structure, and fixes atmospheric nitrogen when legumes are used. Effective green manure crops are quick growing, leafy, and have a deep root system. Common green manure crops mentioned include berseem, janter, guara, sunnhemp, and mungbean. The document outlines benefits of green manuring such as increased crop yields, improved soil aeration and water holding capacity. Potential downsides include reduced moisture for subsequent crops and increased pest or disease
Green manure
Green manure cover crops, also known as catch crops, provide nutrients to the soil when incorporated before planting. They suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and build soil productivity. Cover crops are easy to plant and require minimal care to thrive. Proper selection and timing of planting and turning under the crops is important to avoid nutrient depletion or inhibiting future plant growth. Different cover crop species are suited to different climates and seasons. Legumes fix nitrogen from the air while grasses and broadleaves provide organic matter.
Cowpea 12
Cowpea is a warm-season legume originating from Africa. It is an important food crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Cowpea has a diploid chromosome number of 22 and is self-pollinated. Major varieties grown in India include KBC-2, IT-38956-1, and KM-5. Breeding objectives focus on increasing yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and developing dual-purpose varieties.
Cowpea
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding techniques of cowpea. It begins with an introduction and overview of the taxonomy, origin, and description of cowpea. The floral structure is then described, including its inflorescence, corolla, stamens, and ovary. Details are provided about anthesis, or flowering period, and cytology. The document outlines that cowpea is self-pollinating but bagging of mature flower buds can be done. Cross-pollination techniques involving emasculation and pollination are also described. Finally, the key breeding objectives of cowpea are listed such as high yield, appropriate plant type, and resistances.
Resilience of rubber based agroforestry facing global change
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
DryDev Closeout Webinar 30th June 2020
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
Farmland Biodiversity
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systems
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systemsWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
Pests and diseases of trees in Africa: review of a growing emergency
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Wall posters on habitat distribution of nine tree species in Ethiopia
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods. More Related Content
Viewers also liked
40 Jeff Ehlers Tli Objective2 Phase Ii Work Plan
This document outlines the Phase 2 workplan for an initiative to improve cowpea productivity in marginal environments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The plan involves partners across the cowpea growing region using modern breeding approaches like MARS (Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection) and MABC (Marker-Assisted Backcrossing) to develop improved cowpea varieties with resistance to drought, pests, and diseases. Key activities include developing genomic resources, employing MARS and MABC, capacity building, and the expected outputs including validated markers, improved breeding lines, and enhanced capacity for cowpea breeding in Africa.
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_Cowpea_Ghana
The CSIR-SARI Cowpea Breeding Program aims to improve infrastructure, breeding methods, and human capacity. Plans include upgrading facilities like the screen house and drip irrigation, developing climate resilient and extra-early maturing varieties, breeding for resistance to various stresses, and establishing marker-assisted selection and trait pyramiding protocols. The program also seeks to increase testing sites, properly manage data, and provide further training to staff in modern cowpea breeding techniques.
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan IITA Cowpea WCA
The IITA cowpea breeding program aims to strengthen its efforts through hiring additional staff, upgrading infrastructure, and optimizing breeding methodology. Plans include recruiting breeders, molecular scientists, and support technicians; upgrading screening facilities; prioritizing traits like aphid resistance and drought tolerance; shortening breeding cycles; and intensifying collaboration with national agricultural research systems. The goal is to increase adoption of improved cowpea varieties and better support smallholder farmers.
Green manures pk mani
This document provides information about green manures. It discusses that green manuring is the practice of ploughing or burying undecomposed green plant tissues into the soil to improve soil structure and fertility. It can be done in situ by growing a green manure crop in the same field or through green leaf manuring by incorporating leaves and twigs from other areas. Several leguminous crops are suitable as green manures such as dhaincha, sunnhemp, glyricidia, and leucaena due to their rapid growth and ability to fix nitrogen. The benefits of green manuring include adding organic matter, improving soil structure, providing nutrient uptake from deep layers, and fixing nitrogen for legumes. Methods
RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA
Cowpea Production Constraints,Breeding Goal,Achievements from Core Activities and Projects Activities,Proposed Activities for the next 2 years
Green Manuring
Green manuring contributes 40 to 80 kg of nitrogen per hectare to soils and supplies micro-nutrients and organic matter. It prevents nitrogen loss through leaching and erosion by developing vigorous root systems that bind soil particles. Green manuring crops reclaim saline and alkaline soils and some can also be used as fodder. There are two types of green manuring - green leaf manuring crops which are cut and used as mulch, and green manuring in situ where crops are plowed into the soil. Common crops used include Gliricidia maculata, Pongamia glabra, and various Crotalaria and Phaseolus species. Green manuring increases soil fertility, develops soil structure, enhances
Green manuring
This document discusses green manuring, which involves growing a crop specifically to improve soil fertility by plowing the crop back into the soil. It notes that Pakistani soils are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Green manuring helps build soil organic matter, improves soil structure, and fixes atmospheric nitrogen when legumes are used. Effective green manure crops are quick growing, leafy, and have a deep root system. Common green manure crops mentioned include berseem, janter, guara, sunnhemp, and mungbean. The document outlines benefits of green manuring such as increased crop yields, improved soil aeration and water holding capacity. Potential downsides include reduced moisture for subsequent crops and increased pest or disease
Green manure
Green manure cover crops, also known as catch crops, provide nutrients to the soil when incorporated before planting. They suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and build soil productivity. Cover crops are easy to plant and require minimal care to thrive. Proper selection and timing of planting and turning under the crops is important to avoid nutrient depletion or inhibiting future plant growth. Different cover crop species are suited to different climates and seasons. Legumes fix nitrogen from the air while grasses and broadleaves provide organic matter.
Cowpea 12
Cowpea is a warm-season legume originating from Africa. It is an important food crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Cowpea has a diploid chromosome number of 22 and is self-pollinated. Major varieties grown in India include KBC-2, IT-38956-1, and KM-5. Breeding objectives focus on increasing yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and developing dual-purpose varieties.
Cowpea
This document discusses the floral biology and breeding techniques of cowpea. It begins with an introduction and overview of the taxonomy, origin, and description of cowpea. The floral structure is then described, including its inflorescence, corolla, stamens, and ovary. Details are provided about anthesis, or flowering period, and cytology. The document outlines that cowpea is self-pollinating but bagging of mature flower buds can be done. Cross-pollination techniques involving emasculation and pollination are also described. Finally, the key breeding objectives of cowpea are listed such as high yield, appropriate plant type, and resistances.
Viewers also liked (10)
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_Cowpea_Ghana
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan_Cowpea_Ghana
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan IITA Cowpea WCA
TL III Genetic Gains program improvement plan IITA Cowpea WCA
RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA
RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA
More from World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Resilience of rubber based agroforestry facing global change
1. Tree-soil-crop interactions in rubber agroforestry systems can be managed at the plot, farm, and landscape levels. At the plot level, a mixed-age stand can be maintained for cash flow while diversifying. At the farm level, credit can cover replanting costs until cash flow is positive. At the landscape level, policy harmonization across forest and agriculture is important.
2. Agroforestry is understood as applying at the plot, landscape, and governance levels, reflecting the interface of agriculture and forestry. It involves tree-soil-crop-livestock interactions as well as interactions between tree cover, livelihoods, and ecosystem services across landscapes.
3. Rubber
DryDev Closeout Webinar 30th June 2020
The DryDev programme aimed to transform lives and landscapes in dryland areas through sustainable rural development. Over six years, it worked with over 164,000 smallholder farmers across five countries in Africa. Key achievements included rehabilitating over 163,000 hectares of land through watershed management and planting over 4.6 million trees. It also increased food security and incomes by expanding irrigation to over 16,000 hectares, utilizing over 950 water harvesting structures, and promoting climate-smart agricultural practices on over 60,000 hectares.
Farmland Biodiversity
This document discusses measuring biodiversity on farmland. It notes that 60% of ecosystem services have been impaired and over 20% of global agricultural land is degraded. Assessing farmland biodiversity is challenging due to high spatial variability. Protocols for landscape-scale assessment include measuring land cover, trees, birds, and modeling remote sensing data with ground calibration. Optional protocols examine linear tree features, pollinators, natural enemies, and soil organisms. A farmland biodiversity score is proposed that weighs biomass, spectral diversity, neighborhood effects, and slope/proximity to water.
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses funding gaps and principles for successful financing of nature-based solutions (NBS) such as land restoration projects in Africa. It notes that while the Bonn Challenge and New York declaration on Forests call for $350 billion and $830 billion respectively for restoration, actual funding leaves large gaps. It advocates for bridging these gaps through public-private partnerships and prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term profits. Six principles are outlined for financing NBS, including ensuring social and environmental safeguards, monitoring impacts, and directing funds toward low-carbon development in developing countries. The Regreening Africa program addresses livelihoods, biodiversity and climate change through land restoration projects across eight African nations.Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Week (HNPW) 2020
Climate Crisis Inter-Network
"Fit for Purpose? Current Tools and Approaches to Mitigate Climate Risks in Humanitarian Settings"
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systems
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systemsWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF)
HLPE 2019. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document discusses agroforestry systems for environmental restoration in Brazil that balance social and ecological functions. It outlines that agroforestry can: (1) maintain ecosystem structure/functions like biodiversity and soil quality while providing social/economic functions for family farms; (2) perform restoration in an economically feasible way by including people and accelerating natural succession; and (3) improve livelihoods through appropriate management. However, balancing trade-offs between social/environmental benefits and costs is challenging. The document then provides examples of agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil and their costs, benefits for climate change adaptation/mitigation, food security, and carbon storage potential.Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
This document discusses the vulnerability of forest-dependent people and forests to climate change. It notes that over 1 billion people depend on forests for their livelihoods, while 1 billion hectares of land are under agroforestry worldwide. Climate change poses direct risks like increased temperatures and wildfires, and indirect risks through impacts on species and ecosystems. Potential transition issues from policies like REDD+ could negatively impact land and tree rights of indigenous groups. The document argues that comprehensive vulnerability assessments are needed using qualitative and quantitative methods to understand all vulnerabilities, include stakeholders, and identify good practices to address risks to forests and forest-dependent communities from climate change.
Pests and diseases of trees in Africa: review of a growing emergency
An increasing multitude of insect pests and pathogens is targeting indigenous trees of natural forests, agroforestry systems, and exotic trees in planted forests in Africa. This is raising major concerns for a continent already challenged by adaptations to climate change, as it threatens a vital resource for food security of rural communities, economic growth, and ecosystem conservation. The accidental introduction through trade of non‐native species in particular is accelerating, and it adds to the damage to tree‐based landscapes by native pests and diseases. Old‐time and new invaders heavily impact planted forests of exotic eucalypts, pines, and acacias, and are spreading quickly across African regions. But many non‐native pathogens are recently found affecting important indigenous trees.
Wall posters on habitat distribution of nine tree species in Ethiopia
Species distribution modelling is being used to map the habitats of over 150 priority African plant species. More advanced modelling methods are being used to reduce bias, including spatial folding and thinning. Presence observations from across Africa are being used to calibrate provisional distribution models for individual species in countries like Ethiopia. The results will then be verified by botanists and combined with vegetation mapping data.
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The document discusses approaches to achieving sustainable cocoa production in Ghana by 2020. It identifies several challenges in the cocoa sector including low productivity, rural poverty, and deforestation. It analyzes different stakeholder approaches and finds they mainly focus on increased productivity, while social and environmental issues are addressed less. Inclusive business models include many smallholder farmers but benefits are not always equitable. Responsible finance from impact investors and social lenders has potential to leverage more equitable models and landscape restoration, but investments have not been well adapted for cocoa sectors. A "multi-chain approach" is proposed to better leverage finance through a portfolio of value chains at the landscape level.Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This paper assesses the potential impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 on forests and forest-dependent people. The concepts of decent work and economic growth are put in the context of predominant development theories and paradigms (modernization, economic growth, basic needs, sustainable development) which shape the agendas of governments, private sector, civil society, and investors. These stakeholders pursue different goals and interests, with uneven prioritization of SDG 8 targets and mixed impacts on forests and livelihoods. Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
With an extension of 2.1 million ha, the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR) in Petén, Guatemala is the largest protected area in Central America. To reconcile forest conservation and socio-economic development, community forest concessions were created in its Multiple Use Zone (MUZ) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Operated by a community forest enterprise (CFE), and with a cycle of 25 years, the concessions grant usufruct rights to local communities on an area of about 400,000 ha. Currently, nine concessions are active, while the contracts of two concessions were cancelled and the management plan of another suspended. Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
A healthy viable multifunctional landscape has the capability of supporting sustainable agricultural productivity, providing agroforestry and forest products (timber, fuel wood, fruits, medicine, fertilizer, gum etc.) for the sustenance of mankind while providing other environmental services. However these products are increasingly becoming unavailable due to declining soil fertility, climatic extremes, and high costs of inputs. Identifying low-cost, sustainable ways to attain food security and sustainable environment for millions of smallholder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a major developmental challenge. Rangeland Management in Africa Research and case studies
Rangelands are more than just grass but rather complex and biodiverse ecosystems. Covering nearly half the world’s land area, they are in need of restoration and sustainable management.
Sustainable transition of shifting cultivation systems for land degradation n...
Sustainable transition of shifting cultivation systems for land degradation n...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
The sustainable transition of short cycled shifting cultivation systems to land degradation neutrality: Opportunities and ChallengesUnderstanding farmer behavior and options to improve outcomes
The document discusses several projects aimed at improving agricultural outcomes through agroforestry. It describes a project in Uganda that introduced fodder shrubs to improve milk yields, which increased yields significantly. It is now scaling this approach in Kenya and Malawi through farmer cooperatives. Another project aims to better understand farmers' livelihood aspirations to customize technologies to their goals. A final project focuses on improving diets and health through diversifying crops and developing new food value chains. The document emphasizes the need for meaningful diagnosis, strong intervention design, credible evidence gathering, and efficient delivery to accelerate research impact on poverty, food insecurity, and environmental issues.
Scaling watershed development in India
1) The document discusses watershed development projects in India, focusing on the state of Uttar Pradesh. It outlines the history and increasing scale of watershed programs in India over time from the 1960s to present.
2) Key data presented includes groundwater usage increasing dramatically from 25 km3 in 1960 to 250-300 km3 in 2009, and the number of bore wells increasing from 1 million to 20 million over the same period. Watershed programs have led to increased benefit-cost ratios, rates of return, and agricultural incomes.
3) The document then focuses on the Doubling Farmers' Income project targeting watershed interventions across several districts in Bundelkhand region of UP. It outlines strategies
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
This document summarizes natural resource management innovations in semi-arid East African highlands. It discusses (1) managing extreme events like drought and flood to ensure sustainable ecosystem services and support livelihoods, (2) increasing and sustaining agricultural productivity through investments in NRM, and (3) two examples of NRM innovations - community-based watershed management in Ethiopia and using water spreading weirs to build resilience to climate risks in Ethiopia through a partnership between GIZ, ICRISAT, and local universities. The document also discusses the impacts of these innovations, including increased food security, higher crop yields, and institutional impacts like the site becoming a learning center that influenced regional soil and water conservation policies.Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
This document discusses land restoration efforts in Niger. It describes the land degradation issues facing the West Africa Sahel region due to fragile ecosystems and unsustainable agricultural practices. Various integrated land management techniques are being implemented and tested, including Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), cereal/legume intercropping, microdosing of fertilizers, and restoring degraded lands. These techniques are improving soil fertility and crop yields when combined. The document outlines several partnerships working to scale these efforts across Niger, including restoring over 175 hectares of degraded land managed by 11,970 women generating more income. There is growing demand from farmers and partners to expand training and testing of integrated packages to improve livelihoods and food security.
More from World Agroforestry (ICRAF) (20)
Resilience of rubber based agroforestry facing global change
Resilience of rubber based agroforestry facing global change
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...
How can we overcome obstacles and mobilize investments for successful, sustai...
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...
Forest and agroforesty options for building resilience in refugee situations:...
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systems
How local application of agroecological principles can transform food systems
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...
Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecolo...
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Vulnerabilities of forests and forest dependent people
Pests and diseases of trees in Africa: review of a growing emergency
Pests and diseases of trees in Africa: review of a growing emergency
Wall posters on habitat distribution of nine tree species in Ethiopia
Wall posters on habitat distribution of nine tree species in Ethiopia
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...
Not all roads lead to Rome: Inclusive business models and responsible finance...
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...
Decent work and economic growth: Potential impacts of SDG 8 on forests and fo...
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...
Forest conservation and socio-economic benefits through community forest conc...
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...
Sustainable land management for improved livelihoods and environmental sustai...
Rangeland Management in Africa Research and case studies
Rangeland Management in Africa Research and case studies
Sustainable transition of shifting cultivation systems for land degradation n...
Sustainable transition of shifting cultivation systems for land degradation n...
Understanding farmer behavior and options to improve outcomes
Understanding farmer behavior and options to improve outcomes
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...
NRM Innovations for Risk Management and Agricultural Transformation in Semiar...
Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
Combining land restoration and livelihoods - examples from Niger
Recently uploaded
Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdf
So… you want to become a Test Automation Engineer (or hire and develop one)? While there’s quite a bit of information available about important technical and tool skills to master, there’s not enough discussion around the path to becoming an effective Test Automation Engineer that knows how to add VALUE. In my experience this had led to a proliferation of engineers who are proficient with tools and building frameworks but have skill and knowledge gaps, especially in software testing, that reduce the value they deliver with test automation.
In this talk, Lee will share his lessons learned from over 30 years of working with, and mentoring, hundreds of Test Automation Engineers. Whether you’re looking to get started in test automation or just want to improve your trade, this talk will give you a solid foundation and roadmap for ensuring your test automation efforts continuously add value. This talk is equally valuable for both aspiring Test Automation Engineers and those managing them! All attendees will take away a set of key foundational knowledge and a high-level learning path for leveling up test automation skills and ensuring they add value to their organizations.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE Vision
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate (SAA-C03)
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate (SAA-C03)
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's Tips
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
Harnessing the Power of NLP and Knowledge Graphs for Opioid Research
Gursev Pirge, PhD
Senior Data Scientist - JohnSnowLabs
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
Tomaz Bratanic
Graph ML and GenAI Expert - Neo4j
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena Syrota
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Apps Break Data
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
My presentation slides I used at JavaLand 2024
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Dmitrii Kamaev, PhD
Senior Product Owner - QIAGEN
Day 2 - Intro to UiPath Studio Fundamentals
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Your goto partner for Oracle Cloud, PeopleSoft, E-Business Suite, and Ellucian Banner. We are a firm specialized in managed services and consulting.
Recently uploaded (20)
Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdf
Lee Barnes - Path to Becoming an Effective Test Automation Engineer.pdf
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate (SAA-C03)
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate (SAA-C03)
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's Tips
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's Tips
Harnessing the Power of NLP and Knowledge Graphs for Opioid Research
Harnessing the Power of NLP and Knowledge Graphs for Opioid Research
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
GraphRAG for LifeSciences Hands-On with the Clinical Knowledge Graph
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
Poznań ACE event - 19.06.2024 Team 24 Wrapup slidedeck
Poznań ACE event - 19.06.2024 Team 24 Wrapup slidedeck
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
JavaLand 2024: Application Development Green Masterplan
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
Astute Business Solutions | Oracle Cloud Partner |
7 Remypasquet Doublingcowpeayields
- 1. DOUBLING COWPEA YIELDS? BREAKING THE COWPEA YIELD CEILING THROUGH HYBRID BREEDING Poor farmers in remote areas versus Feeding the town populations First Revolution in the late sixties and early seventies with Westbred, Prima, and Ife Brown Hybrid breeding is a prerequisite for strongly involving private sector in cowpea seed system Such a work would fit some of the goals of AGRA, WASA... Rémy S. PASQUET
- 2. Strong applications for fodder production 1 - HETEROSIS N2fixAfrica looking for large biomass crops Connection with TL I in order to develop Hoffmann (1926) emphasized the striking vegetative optimal parent combinations growth of his cowpea F1 hybrids but did not provide yield data. Significant yield increase with F1 hybrids: up to 89 % with Singh and Jain (1972), up to 52 % with Kheradnam et al. (1975), up to 78 % with Teofilo et al. (1984), up to 130 % with Patil and Shete (1987), up to 96 % with Adu-Dapaah et al. (1988), up to 83 % with Bhor et al. (1997), up to 105 % with Bhushana et al. (2000), Wild x cultivated cowpea hybrid (right) seed number x2, seed weight x4
- 3. 2 - POLLEN TRANSPORT
- 4. Primary gene-pool Close secondary gene-pool Remote secondary gene-pool subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea subsp. alba subsp. dekindtiana ? subsp. pawekiae / aduensis subsp. stenophylla subsp. letouzeyi/burundiensis Isozyme data, 35 loci subsp. tenuis subsp. baoulensis Neighbor-joining Cluster Analysis subsp. pubescens Rogers Distance, 199 accessions 3 - CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY