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Thermography is a non-destructive testing technique that detects and measures infrared radiation emitted from an object or surface and creates an image based on that data. It allows users to see variations in temperature across a surface or object without having to touch it. Thermography is used in a variety of industries for predictive and preventative maintenance, as well as for energy auditing and building inspections.
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038 tct arrow pics, landscape
The document describes results from experiments examining iron uptake and macrophage presence in the periaortic and pericoronary fat of mice, rabbits, and humans with atherosclerosis. Mice and rabbits genetically modified to be prone to atherosclerosis showed greater iron uptake and more macrophages in the periaortic fat compared to controls. In humans, macrophages were found not just in atherosclerotic plaques but also in the surrounding pericoronary fat tissue.
4
Thermal heterogeneity exists in atherosclerotic plaque and is a prognostic factor for adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. The THERMO ACS study aims to randomize patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease to stenting of just the culprit lesion or stenting of the culprit plus any non-culprit lesions with a temperature difference greater than 0.10°C, as measured by thermography. The primary endpoint is death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization within 12 months, with procedural complications and cost-effectiveness over 12 months as secondary endpoints.
041 transgenic cetp dahl salt sensitive (tg53) rat model
041 transgenic cetp dahl salt sensitive (tg53) rat modelSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
The document discusses the potential of the Tg53 rat model for modeling human coronary artery disease and vulnerable plaques. The model exhibits several promising features, including plaque development specifically in the coronary arteries similar to humans. Plaques in the model progress through stages and demonstrate features resembling vulnerable human plaques. The model also allows controlled manipulation of risk factors and reproducible study of disease mechanisms and potential interventions through its defined genetic background. However, no single model can fully capture the complexity of human coronary disease.033 uptakes of spio by murine
The document describes an experiment examining the uptake of different types of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) coated with various materials by murine peritoneal macrophages and monocytes. Mice were injected with different SPIO coated with chondroitin sulfate, dextran, amino-silane, lipids, or lipid encapsulated and amino-silane coated. After 24 hours, peritoneal macrophages and monocytes were isolated from the mice and examined under light microscopy to analyze uptake of the various SPIO formulations.
043 thermo elastography
Thermo-Elastography is a new method using ultrasound to quantitatively measure tissue elasticity. Elastography works by measuring tissue displacement after compression to estimate strain, with higher strain indicating softer tissue. Several applications are discussed, including detecting breast and prostate cancers, monitoring HIFU therapy, and evaluating arteries. Limitations include difficulty distinguishing tissue types by ultrasound alone. New techniques like intravascular elastography using arterial pulsation or balloons aim to characterize plaque vulnerability for guiding interventions. Overall, elastography provides complementary information to conventional ultrasound for visualizing tissue mechanical properties.
031
1) This study investigated the use of super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and MRI to detect active inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques.
2) In mouse and rabbit models of atherosclerosis, SPIO accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions and correlated with histological markers of inflammation.
3) MRI of plaques in these animals showed changes after SPIO injection, indicating SPIO may help identify plaques with active inflammation.
4) A current human clinical trial is evaluating SPIO-enhanced MRI for detecting vulnerable carotid plaques by comparing MRI to histology of plaques removed in surgery.
3 mouse
Atherosclerotic plaque contains iron positive cells such as subendothelial macrophages. Macrophages accumulate in the layers of arteries and contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The presence of iron positive macrophages is a characteristic of atherosclerotic plaque building up in arteries.
042 introducing a novel model
This document summarizes studies examining methods to track macrophage recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques. Initial EM studies in pigs observed bi-directional movement of foam cells through the endothelium. Subsequent studies labeled monocytes with fluorescent dyes or microspheres and tracked their migration into plaques in pigs and mice. A newer method used PCR to detect transfusion of male monocytes into female mice. The presented study examined the effects of cytokines on monocyte homing in apoE knockout mice, finding greater iron particle deposition from injected SPIO nanoparticles in cytokine-treated mice, indicating increased monocyte recruitment. Non-invasive SPIO imaging offers potential to sequentially study monocyte recruitment dynamics into plaques.
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038 tct arrow pics, landscape
The document describes results from experiments examining iron uptake and macrophage presence in the periaortic and pericoronary fat of mice, rabbits, and humans with atherosclerosis. Mice and rabbits genetically modified to be prone to atherosclerosis showed greater iron uptake and more macrophages in the periaortic fat compared to controls. In humans, macrophages were found not just in atherosclerotic plaques but also in the surrounding pericoronary fat tissue.
4
Thermal heterogeneity exists in atherosclerotic plaque and is a prognostic factor for adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary interventions. The THERMO ACS study aims to randomize patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease to stenting of just the culprit lesion or stenting of the culprit plus any non-culprit lesions with a temperature difference greater than 0.10°C, as measured by thermography. The primary endpoint is death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization within 12 months, with procedural complications and cost-effectiveness over 12 months as secondary endpoints.
041 transgenic cetp dahl salt sensitive (tg53) rat model
041 transgenic cetp dahl salt sensitive (tg53) rat modelSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
The document discusses the potential of the Tg53 rat model for modeling human coronary artery disease and vulnerable plaques. The model exhibits several promising features, including plaque development specifically in the coronary arteries similar to humans. Plaques in the model progress through stages and demonstrate features resembling vulnerable human plaques. The model also allows controlled manipulation of risk factors and reproducible study of disease mechanisms and potential interventions through its defined genetic background. However, no single model can fully capture the complexity of human coronary disease.033 uptakes of spio by murine
The document describes an experiment examining the uptake of different types of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) coated with various materials by murine peritoneal macrophages and monocytes. Mice were injected with different SPIO coated with chondroitin sulfate, dextran, amino-silane, lipids, or lipid encapsulated and amino-silane coated. After 24 hours, peritoneal macrophages and monocytes were isolated from the mice and examined under light microscopy to analyze uptake of the various SPIO formulations.
043 thermo elastography
Thermo-Elastography is a new method using ultrasound to quantitatively measure tissue elasticity. Elastography works by measuring tissue displacement after compression to estimate strain, with higher strain indicating softer tissue. Several applications are discussed, including detecting breast and prostate cancers, monitoring HIFU therapy, and evaluating arteries. Limitations include difficulty distinguishing tissue types by ultrasound alone. New techniques like intravascular elastography using arterial pulsation or balloons aim to characterize plaque vulnerability for guiding interventions. Overall, elastography provides complementary information to conventional ultrasound for visualizing tissue mechanical properties.
031
1) This study investigated the use of super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and MRI to detect active inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques.
2) In mouse and rabbit models of atherosclerosis, SPIO accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions and correlated with histological markers of inflammation.
3) MRI of plaques in these animals showed changes after SPIO injection, indicating SPIO may help identify plaques with active inflammation.
4) A current human clinical trial is evaluating SPIO-enhanced MRI for detecting vulnerable carotid plaques by comparing MRI to histology of plaques removed in surgery.
3 mouse
Atherosclerotic plaque contains iron positive cells such as subendothelial macrophages. Macrophages accumulate in the layers of arteries and contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The presence of iron positive macrophages is a characteristic of atherosclerotic plaque building up in arteries.
042 introducing a novel model
This document summarizes studies examining methods to track macrophage recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques. Initial EM studies in pigs observed bi-directional movement of foam cells through the endothelium. Subsequent studies labeled monocytes with fluorescent dyes or microspheres and tracked their migration into plaques in pigs and mice. A newer method used PCR to detect transfusion of male monocytes into female mice. The presented study examined the effects of cytokines on monocyte homing in apoE knockout mice, finding greater iron particle deposition from injected SPIO nanoparticles in cytokine-treated mice, indicating increased monocyte recruitment. Non-invasive SPIO imaging offers potential to sequentially study monocyte recruitment dynamics into plaques.
4th vulnerable plaque symposium
This study found that temperature heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits is associated with macrophage accumulation and metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Thermography detected hot and cold areas that correlated with higher macrophage levels and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. More macrophages and MMPs were present in hot areas compared to cold areas of plaques. However, blood flow obscured temperature differences, so flow was stopped to measure temperatures accurately. The results suggest temperature changes detect active macrophages and their effects on plaque vulnerability.
046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammation
046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammationSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
1) Acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus led to excessive plaque inflammation in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice, implicating acute infection in triggering acute coronary events.
2) Influenza infection increased plaque inflammation and macrophage infiltration in the mice with or without plaque rupture/erosion.
3) Further examination of infected mice tissue found polymorphic inflammatory cell infiltrates associated with platelets and fibrin near the plaques, indicating proinflammatory and procoagulant effects of acute influenza infection.2
This document describes new thermography catheters including a balloon-occluded thermography catheter and a low pressure balloon multisensor thermography catheter that use thermistors to measure temperature.
5
The document discusses a study conducted by the Department of Cardiology at Athens Medical School in 2001 that used a new aortic thermography catheter to measure temperatures in the aorta and coronary sinus of patients. The study involved 18 patients with documented coronary artery disease and 12 patients with normal coronary arteries, as determined by angiography. The purpose was to investigate if there are temperature differences in blood between the coronary sinus and right atrium in patients with left coronary artery lesions compared to those without.
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003Society for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
This document discusses non-invasive imaging of macrophages for detection of vulnerable plaque using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO). USPIOs are taken up by macrophages and shorten MRI relaxation time, allowing visualization of macrophage activity. Studies show USPIO uptake correlates with macrophage density and plaque inflammation in animal models. While MRI can identify plaque inflammation, limitations include poor resolution for coronary imaging and high cost compared to alternatives.8
This document discusses in vivo coronary sinus thermography. It shows graphs of temperature differences over time between the coronary sinus and right atrium in controls and CAD patients, finding a significant difference. It lists ongoing research using thermography to study tachycardia, arrhythmias, medication effects, heart failure, and organ function. It concludes that new catheters are being developed to increase thermography sensitivity, it is used in other parts of the cardiovascular system, and coronary sinus temperature may provide future information about patients, not just plaque.
3rd vp symposium herrera
The document discusses the potential of the Tg53 rat model for modeling human coronary artery disease and vulnerable plaques. Some key points:
1) The Tg53 rat model replicates important aspects of human coronary artery disease, including plaque location in the coronary arteries, disease risk factors, and progression to end-stage "culprit" plaques similar to those that cause heart attacks.
2) The model has advantages for experimental studies like reproducibility of phenotypes, defined genetic background, and ability to manipulate risk factors.
3) The model shows potential for investigating mechanisms of plaque development, testing novel interventions, and combining with other models like hypertension or diabetes to study disease interactions.
1
Plaque thermography uses a catheter with a single thermistor to measure heat levels in arteries and identify areas of plaque buildup. The technique works best in vessels with stenoses over 50% and can have issues with accuracy in large vessels where the catheter may move around. The catheter comes in sizes from 3 to 4.5 French.
048 adventitial fat presentation
1) The study investigated the uptake of SPIO (superparamagnetic iron oxide), an MRI contrast agent, by periadventitial fat in an atherosclerosis mouse model.
2) Results showed significantly greater uptake of iron in the periadventitial fat of apoE k/o mice compared to control mice, as measured by iron particles and area.
3) Preliminary evidence also suggests uptake of iron in the periadventitial fat of atherosclerotic rabbits and humans, suggesting macrophage-like activity in this tissue that warrants further investigation into its role in atherosclerosis and imaging.
3rd vp symposium jang
This document summarizes research on using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize coronary plaques. OCT uses near-infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of tissue microstructure. Researchers studied 357 arterial segments ex vivo using OCT and validated plaque types (fibrous, calcific, lipid-rich) against histology with high accuracy. A pilot clinical study of 10 patients found OCT feasible and safe for examining plaques before and after percutaneous coronary intervention, identifying various plaque types and procedural complications like dissections. While promising, OCT imaging in patients requires overcoming challenges like blood flow obstruction and motion artifacts.
047 bio distribution of feridex in
This study examined the biodistribution of Feridex iron particles in atherosclerotic and normal mice over time. ApoE deficient mice, which develop atherosclerosis, and normal C57BL/6 mice were injected with Feridex and sacrificed at various time points. Iron particles accumulated preferentially in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE mice compared to normal vessels. Macrophage staining correlated with iron staining in lesions. As expected, the liver and spleen trapped most Feridex, with some in the lungs and lymph nodes. The study was stopped early due to safety concerns but will be repeated with other contrast agents to further evaluate biodistribution over time.
034 everybody has atherosclerosis
This document discusses a non-invasive technique using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhanced MRI to detect vulnerable plaque. SPIO particles are phagocytosed by macrophages and other phagocytic cells, accumulating in areas of inflammation. The document summarizes research showing SPIO uptake in atherosclerotic plaques in animal models using MRI and histology. It proposes that SPIO-enhanced MRI could be used to detect vulnerable human plaque characteristics like macrophage infiltration, thin fibrous caps, and leaky angiogenesis non-invasively. This may allow vulnerable plaque to be identified before acute events like rupture and thrombosis occur.
032 hossein eftekhari,md
This document discusses animal models for studying vulnerable plaque and atherosclerosis. It describes how the chicken, pig, mouse, and rabbit models each have advantages and limitations for replicating human disease. The mouse has been genetically modified to better model plaque development. No current animal model fully captures plaque rupture seen in humans. The rabbit model with an embedded inflatable balloon shows promise for experimentally inducing plaque rupture.
3rd vp symposium jang
This document summarizes research on using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize coronary plaques. OCT uses near-infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of tissue microstructure. Researchers studied 357 arterial segments ex vivo using OCT and validated plaque types (fibrous, calcific, lipid-rich) against histology with high accuracy. A pilot clinical study of 10 patients found OCT feasible and safe for examining plaques before and after percutaneous coronary intervention, identifying various plaque types and procedural complications like dissections. While promising, OCT imaging in patients requires overcoming challenges like blood flow obstruction and motion artifacts.
044 mice mri
This study aimed to image atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas of Apo E deficient mice using MRI. To visualize the aorta, contrast agent was injected into mice both while inside and outside of the MRI scanner. Respiratory gating was used to reduce motion artifacts from breathing by intubating mice and providing ventilation. Initial scans showed the aorta but more optimization is needed, such as decreasing the dose of iron contrast agent used and adding ECG gating to address motion from the heart. Future plans include further refining the MRI protocol and beginning a similar study in rabbits.
035 respiratory infection of apo e ko mice
1) Acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus led to excessive plaque inflammation in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice.
2) One third of infected mice showed inflammatory infiltrates associated with platelet clusters and fibrin near the plaques.
3) The study aimed to investigate if acute respiratory infection can increase plaque inflammation and macrophage infiltration, and to examine related cytokine and receptor expression over the longer term.
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imaging
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imagingSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
1. MS-325 is an albumin-targeted gadolinium contrast agent that highlights inflamed vessel walls and facilitates plaque imaging. It provides prolonged enhancement of the vessel wall and lumen, allowing for high resolution detection of plaque burden.
2. Studies show strong vessel wall enhancement with MS-325 due to increased capillary volume and binding to extravasated albumin in the vessel wall of patients with atherosclerosis. This may help identify stenosis and quantify plaque.
3. Experimental models demonstrate MS-325 can improve visualization of plaque rupture and fresh thrombus formation through prolonged contrast uptake in inflamed vessel walls and thrombi.037 association for eradication of heart attack
This document discusses vulnerable plaque and the history of research on plaque vulnerability. It provides definitions of vulnerable plaque and different types of vulnerable plaque such as rupture-prone plaques. The document outlines pioneers in plaque research and emerging techniques for detecting vulnerable plaque both invasively, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It summarizes the natural history of vulnerable plaques and their role in acute coronary events.
3rd vulnerable plaque rumberg 3 16-02 2
Coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography (EBT) establishes a diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis, as there are no false positive calcium measurements. The amount of calcium seen on EBT correlates directly with the actual amount of coronary plaque measured by intravascular ultrasound and histopathology. Studies have also shown that a higher coronary artery calcium score on EBT is associated with greater risk of future myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or ischemia over follow-up periods of 3-6 years.
AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Naghavi Presentation
AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Naghavi PresentationSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
This document discusses developing an artificial intelligence system to predict short-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The goal is to eradicate unexpected heart attacks by predicting risk similar to hurricane forecasts. Existing studies are cited that show over 50% of heart attacks are first symptoms of underlying disease. The document outlines previous work by SHAPE to define vulnerable patients and release guidelines. It proposes using machine learning on existing cohort data to develop algorithms predicting heart attacks within 12 months, and validate the system. The hope is this can trigger preventative actions and add over 10 years to life expectancy. Funding is needed to implement the proposed "Machine Learning Vulnerable Patient Project".AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Kloner Presentation
Triggers of cardiovascular events can include physical and emotional stress. Stress from events like earthquakes, blizzards, intense sporting games, and overexertion from activities like snow shoveling have been shown to increase the risk of acute cardiovascular outcomes like myocardial infarction. While modern therapies have improved cardiovascular health, research continues to show temporary increases in cardiovascular mortality associated with highly emotional sporting events even in recent years. Managing risk factors, reducing stress, and utilizing preventative therapies may help reduce the impact of triggers on cardiovascular health.
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4th vulnerable plaque symposium
This study found that temperature heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits is associated with macrophage accumulation and metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Thermography detected hot and cold areas that correlated with higher macrophage levels and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. More macrophages and MMPs were present in hot areas compared to cold areas of plaques. However, blood flow obscured temperature differences, so flow was stopped to measure temperatures accurately. The results suggest temperature changes detect active macrophages and their effects on plaque vulnerability.
046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammation
046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammationSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
1) Acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus led to excessive plaque inflammation in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice, implicating acute infection in triggering acute coronary events.
2) Influenza infection increased plaque inflammation and macrophage infiltration in the mice with or without plaque rupture/erosion.
3) Further examination of infected mice tissue found polymorphic inflammatory cell infiltrates associated with platelets and fibrin near the plaques, indicating proinflammatory and procoagulant effects of acute influenza infection.2
This document describes new thermography catheters including a balloon-occluded thermography catheter and a low pressure balloon multisensor thermography catheter that use thermistors to measure temperature.
5
The document discusses a study conducted by the Department of Cardiology at Athens Medical School in 2001 that used a new aortic thermography catheter to measure temperatures in the aorta and coronary sinus of patients. The study involved 18 patients with documented coronary artery disease and 12 patients with normal coronary arteries, as determined by angiography. The purpose was to investigate if there are temperature differences in blood between the coronary sinus and right atrium in patients with left coronary artery lesions compared to those without.
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003Society for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
This document discusses non-invasive imaging of macrophages for detection of vulnerable plaque using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO). USPIOs are taken up by macrophages and shorten MRI relaxation time, allowing visualization of macrophage activity. Studies show USPIO uptake correlates with macrophage density and plaque inflammation in animal models. While MRI can identify plaque inflammation, limitations include poor resolution for coronary imaging and high cost compared to alternatives.8
This document discusses in vivo coronary sinus thermography. It shows graphs of temperature differences over time between the coronary sinus and right atrium in controls and CAD patients, finding a significant difference. It lists ongoing research using thermography to study tachycardia, arrhythmias, medication effects, heart failure, and organ function. It concludes that new catheters are being developed to increase thermography sensitivity, it is used in other parts of the cardiovascular system, and coronary sinus temperature may provide future information about patients, not just plaque.
3rd vp symposium herrera
The document discusses the potential of the Tg53 rat model for modeling human coronary artery disease and vulnerable plaques. Some key points:
1) The Tg53 rat model replicates important aspects of human coronary artery disease, including plaque location in the coronary arteries, disease risk factors, and progression to end-stage "culprit" plaques similar to those that cause heart attacks.
2) The model has advantages for experimental studies like reproducibility of phenotypes, defined genetic background, and ability to manipulate risk factors.
3) The model shows potential for investigating mechanisms of plaque development, testing novel interventions, and combining with other models like hypertension or diabetes to study disease interactions.
1
Plaque thermography uses a catheter with a single thermistor to measure heat levels in arteries and identify areas of plaque buildup. The technique works best in vessels with stenoses over 50% and can have issues with accuracy in large vessels where the catheter may move around. The catheter comes in sizes from 3 to 4.5 French.
048 adventitial fat presentation
1) The study investigated the uptake of SPIO (superparamagnetic iron oxide), an MRI contrast agent, by periadventitial fat in an atherosclerosis mouse model.
2) Results showed significantly greater uptake of iron in the periadventitial fat of apoE k/o mice compared to control mice, as measured by iron particles and area.
3) Preliminary evidence also suggests uptake of iron in the periadventitial fat of atherosclerotic rabbits and humans, suggesting macrophage-like activity in this tissue that warrants further investigation into its role in atherosclerosis and imaging.
3rd vp symposium jang
This document summarizes research on using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize coronary plaques. OCT uses near-infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of tissue microstructure. Researchers studied 357 arterial segments ex vivo using OCT and validated plaque types (fibrous, calcific, lipid-rich) against histology with high accuracy. A pilot clinical study of 10 patients found OCT feasible and safe for examining plaques before and after percutaneous coronary intervention, identifying various plaque types and procedural complications like dissections. While promising, OCT imaging in patients requires overcoming challenges like blood flow obstruction and motion artifacts.
047 bio distribution of feridex in
This study examined the biodistribution of Feridex iron particles in atherosclerotic and normal mice over time. ApoE deficient mice, which develop atherosclerosis, and normal C57BL/6 mice were injected with Feridex and sacrificed at various time points. Iron particles accumulated preferentially in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE mice compared to normal vessels. Macrophage staining correlated with iron staining in lesions. As expected, the liver and spleen trapped most Feridex, with some in the lungs and lymph nodes. The study was stopped early due to safety concerns but will be repeated with other contrast agents to further evaluate biodistribution over time.
034 everybody has atherosclerosis
This document discusses a non-invasive technique using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhanced MRI to detect vulnerable plaque. SPIO particles are phagocytosed by macrophages and other phagocytic cells, accumulating in areas of inflammation. The document summarizes research showing SPIO uptake in atherosclerotic plaques in animal models using MRI and histology. It proposes that SPIO-enhanced MRI could be used to detect vulnerable human plaque characteristics like macrophage infiltration, thin fibrous caps, and leaky angiogenesis non-invasively. This may allow vulnerable plaque to be identified before acute events like rupture and thrombosis occur.
032 hossein eftekhari,md
This document discusses animal models for studying vulnerable plaque and atherosclerosis. It describes how the chicken, pig, mouse, and rabbit models each have advantages and limitations for replicating human disease. The mouse has been genetically modified to better model plaque development. No current animal model fully captures plaque rupture seen in humans. The rabbit model with an embedded inflatable balloon shows promise for experimentally inducing plaque rupture.
3rd vp symposium jang
This document summarizes research on using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize coronary plaques. OCT uses near-infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of tissue microstructure. Researchers studied 357 arterial segments ex vivo using OCT and validated plaque types (fibrous, calcific, lipid-rich) against histology with high accuracy. A pilot clinical study of 10 patients found OCT feasible and safe for examining plaques before and after percutaneous coronary intervention, identifying various plaque types and procedural complications like dissections. While promising, OCT imaging in patients requires overcoming challenges like blood flow obstruction and motion artifacts.
044 mice mri
This study aimed to image atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas of Apo E deficient mice using MRI. To visualize the aorta, contrast agent was injected into mice both while inside and outside of the MRI scanner. Respiratory gating was used to reduce motion artifacts from breathing by intubating mice and providing ventilation. Initial scans showed the aorta but more optimization is needed, such as decreasing the dose of iron contrast agent used and adding ECG gating to address motion from the heart. Future plans include further refining the MRI protocol and beginning a similar study in rabbits.
035 respiratory infection of apo e ko mice
1) Acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus led to excessive plaque inflammation in the aortas of ApoE knockout mice.
2) One third of infected mice showed inflammatory infiltrates associated with platelet clusters and fibrin near the plaques.
3) The study aimed to investigate if acute respiratory infection can increase plaque inflammation and macrophage infiltration, and to examine related cytokine and receptor expression over the longer term.
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imaging
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imagingSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
1. MS-325 is an albumin-targeted gadolinium contrast agent that highlights inflamed vessel walls and facilitates plaque imaging. It provides prolonged enhancement of the vessel wall and lumen, allowing for high resolution detection of plaque burden.
2. Studies show strong vessel wall enhancement with MS-325 due to increased capillary volume and binding to extravasated albumin in the vessel wall of patients with atherosclerosis. This may help identify stenosis and quantify plaque.
3. Experimental models demonstrate MS-325 can improve visualization of plaque rupture and fresh thrombus formation through prolonged contrast uptake in inflamed vessel walls and thrombi.037 association for eradication of heart attack
This document discusses vulnerable plaque and the history of research on plaque vulnerability. It provides definitions of vulnerable plaque and different types of vulnerable plaque such as rupture-prone plaques. The document outlines pioneers in plaque research and emerging techniques for detecting vulnerable plaque both invasively, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It summarizes the natural history of vulnerable plaques and their role in acute coronary events.
3rd vulnerable plaque rumberg 3 16-02 2
Coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography (EBT) establishes a diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis, as there are no false positive calcium measurements. The amount of calcium seen on EBT correlates directly with the actual amount of coronary plaque measured by intravascular ultrasound and histopathology. Studies have also shown that a higher coronary artery calcium score on EBT is associated with greater risk of future myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or ischemia over follow-up periods of 3-6 years.
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046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammation
046 respiratory infection of apoe ko mice and plaque inflammation
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imaging
039 mr contrast agents for vulnerable plaque imaging
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AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Naghavi Presentation
AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Naghavi PresentationSociety for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication
This document discusses developing an artificial intelligence system to predict short-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The goal is to eradicate unexpected heart attacks by predicting risk similar to hurricane forecasts. Existing studies are cited that show over 50% of heart attacks are first symptoms of underlying disease. The document outlines previous work by SHAPE to define vulnerable patients and release guidelines. It proposes using machine learning on existing cohort data to develop algorithms predicting heart attacks within 12 months, and validate the system. The hope is this can trigger preventative actions and add over 10 years to life expectancy. Funding is needed to implement the proposed "Machine Learning Vulnerable Patient Project".AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Kloner Presentation
Triggers of cardiovascular events can include physical and emotional stress. Stress from events like earthquakes, blizzards, intense sporting games, and overexertion from activities like snow shoveling have been shown to increase the risk of acute cardiovascular outcomes like myocardial infarction. While modern therapies have improved cardiovascular health, research continues to show temporary increases in cardiovascular mortality associated with highly emotional sporting events even in recent years. Managing risk factors, reducing stress, and utilizing preventative therapies may help reduce the impact of triggers on cardiovascular health.
AHA SHAPE Symposium 2017 Dr. Greenland Presentation
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A machine learning model outperformed the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations Risk Calculator in detecting high-risk asymptomatic individuals and recommending statin treatment for cardiovascular disease prevention in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. The machine learning model used support vector machines and data augmentation to derive a CVD risk predictor from nine variables in the MESA study population. It demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, and AUC compared to the ACC/AHA risk calculator, recommending statin treatment for fewer individuals while missing fewer cardiovascular events.
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This document summarizes a post-mortem study examining the prevalence of inflammatory cells in non-ruptured atherosclerotic plaques. The study found that moderate or heavy staining for macrophages was present in 45% of femoral artery cross-sections and 84% of femoral arteries had at least one cross-section with moderate/heavy inflammation. There was no observed relationship between the degree of inflammation in the left and right coronary arteries within individuals, indicating the level of local inflammation is locally determined with little predictive value for other arteries.
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The document provides guidelines for defining vulnerable plaque and vulnerable patients from the Association for Eradication of Heart Attack. It outlines major and minor histopathological and clinical criteria for vulnerable plaque including active inflammation, thin fibrous cap with large lipid core, endothelial denudation, and stenosis. Potential screening and diagnostic methods are discussed at the plaque, systemic, and blood levels ranging from non-invasive imaging to intravascular techniques. Different types of vulnerable plaque that can cause acute coronary events are also categorized.
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Vulnerable plaque refers to dangerous forms of atherosclerotic plaques that can rupture or induce thrombosis, disrupting blood flow. The document discusses the history and research around vulnerable plaque, including pioneers in the field and emerging techniques to detect vulnerable plaque such as intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. It summarizes that vulnerable plaques are typically characterized by a thin fibrous cap, large lipid core, and presence of macrophages.
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The document summarizes research on vulnerable plaques and markers of vulnerability. It finds that ruptured plaques are the most common type of culprit lesion, accounting for around 70% of cases. Major criteria for defining vulnerable plaque include outward remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a thin fibrous cap with a large lipid core. Both plaque morphology and activity need to be assessed to identify vulnerability.
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This document contains a summary of a presentation on vulnerable patient syndrome. It includes PowerPoint slides and videos on defining and identifying vulnerable plaques and patients. It thanks sponsors for their support of the educational event. The slides define vulnerable plaques as those likely to rupture in the future, causing heart attacks, and provide criteria for identifying them based on morphology and activity. Biomarkers and conditions that increase plaque and myocardial vulnerability are also summarized. The presentation outlines a pyramid approach for screening, diagnosing, and treating vulnerable patients annually to help reduce heart attacks and their high costs.
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This document discusses triggers for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and death (SCD). It notes that over 2/3 of SCD cases are unable to be predicted due to a lack of well-established risk factors. While population risk factors can identify at-risk groups, they cannot predict risk for individuals. The document explores various biological, anatomical, and environmental factors that can precipitate fatal arrhythmias and discusses how the timing of transient initiating events is critical for the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It emphasizes that myocardial electrophysiological processes likely determine the onset or lack of VT/VF/SCD and that immediate access to automated external defibrillators is needed to save lives.
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This document summarizes presentations from symposia on vulnerable plaque and discusses the relationship between plaque, blood, and patients in atherothrombosis. It notes that multiple factors like diabetes, smoking, and hyperlipidemia can make blood more thrombogenic and moderate the severity of acute events after plaque rupture. Statins, aspirin, and other drugs that target tissue factor or thrombin pathways may be promising antithrombotic agents by inhibiting thrombosis initiation and propagation.
Vuln shape aha 2005
The document discusses vulnerable plaque and challenges in detecting and treating it. It describes various imaging techniques for detecting vulnerable plaque such as thermography, MRI, CT angiography, and optical coherence tomography. However, it notes that while these can identify high-risk features, it remains unclear what exactly defines vulnerable plaque and whether imaging findings truly correlate with risk. The document also notes that while statins reduce events, the relationship between plaque burden and events is unclear, and better defining and detecting the disease is still needed before new therapies can be developed.
Vuln plaque poster burke
1) The study examined 92 hearts from patients with severe coronary artery disease who died suddenly. The hearts were sectioned and plaque types were classified.
2) The number of "vulnerable" plaques, particularly thin cap atheromas, was highest in hearts of patients who died from acute plaque rupture and lowest in those with incidental disease.
3) Thin cap atheromas and other unstable plaque types were concentrated in the proximal coronary segments, similar to the distribution of plaque ruptures. The study suggests vulnerable plaques contribute to acute coronary syndromes and are non-uniformly distributed within the coronary arteries.
Vp watch editorial_slide 25short-
1) Drug-coated stents, particularly those coated with sirolimus, have shown promise in reducing restenosis compared to bare metal stents. Sirolimus inhibits cell proliferation and has been shown in studies to reduce intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in animal models by 50% or more.
2) A study by Suzuki et al. found that a sirolimus-coated stent reduced restenosis by 50% through inhibiting cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner compared to a bare metal stent. Adding dexamethasone to the coating did not provide additional benefit.
3) If results of the RAVEL clinical trial showing "zero" restenosis out to 5 years
Vp watch editorial_slide25
This document discusses drug-coated stents for preventing restenosis. It summarizes a study showing that stents coated with sirolimus via a polymer matrix reduced restenosis by 50% by inhibiting cell proliferation. Adding dexamethasone provided no additional benefit. Other studies also showed sirolimus inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation. If results of the RAVEL trial showing "zero" restenosis at 210 days hold true long-term, sirolimus-coated stents may become the standard therapy for coronary revascularization. Questions are raised about whether coating vulnerable plaques could be a primary treatment and if multiple vulnerable plaques would all be stented.
Vp watch editorial_slide25short-
1) Drug-coated stents, particularly those coated with sirolimus, have shown promise in reducing restenosis compared to bare metal stents. Sirolimus inhibits cell proliferation and has been shown in studies to reduce intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in animal models by 50% or more.
2) A study by Suzuki et al. found that a sirolimus-coated stent reduced restenosis by 50% through inhibiting cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner compared to a bare metal stent. Adding dexamethasone to the coating did not provide additional benefit.
3) If results of the RAVEL clinical trial showing "zero" restenosis out to 5 years
Vp watch2002
I. This document discusses various animal models that have been used to study atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, including quail, pigeons, chickens, dogs, monkeys, pigs, rats, rabbits, and mice. It provides details on the types of lesions developed and similarities to human disease for each model.
II. The double knockout LDL/apoE mice are highlighted as offering improvements in studying clinical complications of atherosclerosis like human heart disease. However, it is unclear how closely they model vulnerable plaques.
III. Questions are raised about how closely the coagulation systems of these animal models resemble humans and whether any model fully captures repeated plaque ruptures and the role of aging in natural history as seen in humans.
Vp symposium31602
Trans-Blood Vision is a patented infrared technique that uses short-wave infrared wavelengths to see directly through blood. It has the potential to find vulnerable plaque lesions without first entering them, determine their size and surface characteristics in high resolution, and look at their material constituents both on and below the surface. While it cannot provide direct visual guidance for therapy or penetrate as deeply as ultrasound, combining it with augmentative technologies could allow for real-time multi-mode detection, analysis, and therapy guidance of vulnerable plaque lesions. The document concludes that Trans-Blood Vision warrants significant investigation, possibly in combination with other emerging technologies.
Vpschoenhagen
This study used intravascular ultrasound to examine arterial remodeling and plaque characteristics in 131 patients with either stable angina or recent unstable symptoms. Patients with unstable presentations had greater plaque burden at the culprit lesion despite similar luminal narrowing, and a greater extent of positive arterial remodeling compared to those with stable angina. The culprit lesions in unstable patients also showed a higher rate of echolucent plaque morphology. This suggests that bulky, remodeled plaques may be more vulnerable to rupture, leading to acute coronary syndromes. Further prospective study is needed to better understand the relationship between clinical presentation and plaque features.
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