This document defines analogies and homophones. An analogy compares two things to clarify an idea, using a specific structure of two pairs separated by colons. The pairs show a relationship, such as part to whole, cause to effect, source to product, or category to example. Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings, such as weak/week and hour/our. Homophones can also have the same spelling but different meanings, like bear as a noun or verb.

1. HOMOPHONES &
ANALOGIES
Unit 6.3: Nonfiction Study

2. WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
•In simple terms, an analogy is describes
or clarifies an idea by making a
comparison between two things. However,
analogies have a specific structure that
will indicate a certain relationship
between the two things. The setup of the
analogy will indicate that relationship.
When students struggle with analogies,

3. WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
For example:
Branch : tree :: arm : man
How do you even read that with so many
colons? It must be a typo…but it's not! The
colons are a part of the structure of an
analogy. Instead of serving a grammatical
purpose, the colons stand in for other words.

4. WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
•Types of Analogies
• Part to Whole
The first type of analogy is part to whole,
which contains the part, or section of
something larger, and the whole, or the entire
entity. The example you have already seen
shows a part to whole relationship:

5. Branch : tree :: arm : man.
• So what is the part and what is the whole?
For the first pair, the branch is the part
and the tree is the whole. The second pair
maintains this relationship, as an arm is a
part of a man.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

6. •Cause to Effect
•The second type of analogy is cause to effect.
This analogy contains one word that is
the cause, or the source of some action or
condition, and another word that is the effect, or
the result or consequence.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

7. Example:
•Earthquake : tsunami :: cavity : toothache.
What caused the tsunami? The earthquake! And
what caused the toothache? The cavity of course!
Thus, each pair has one word representing a cause
paired with the resulting effect.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

8. Source to Product
• is a type of analogy in which the first word contains
the source or the person, place or thing from which
something comes. The product is the substance or
object that is manufactured or created.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

9. Example of a source to product analogy:
• Wood : baseball bat :: oranges : orange juice.
•Both these pairs show the source from which the
product is created. A baseball bat is made from wood,
and orange juice is squeezed from oranges. The wood
and oranges are the sources, and the bat and juice
are the products.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

10. Category
In this type of analogy relationship, one word is the
element/member of a group that the other word
describes.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

11. • Example to Category
• Next we have the example to category analogy. This
one will have the category, or a larger class of items
that share specific characteristics. The second word
in the pair is the example, or one item within the
category.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

12. Example:
Nike : shoes :: beagle : dogs.
In this case, shoes and dogs are the larger categories.
Nike is a type of shoe, and the beagle is a type of dog.
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?

13. WHAT IS AN HOMOPHONE?
•Homophone (noun): one of two or more words with
the same pronunciation but different spellings and/or
meanings (for example weak and week)

14. WHAT IS AN HOMOPHONE?
•Homophones are words that have exactly the same
sound (pronunciation) but different meanings and
(usually) spelling.

15. WHAT IS AN HOMOPHONE?
For example, the following two words have the
same sound, but different meanings and spelling:
hour (noun: 60 minutes)
our (possessive adjective: belonging to us)

16. WHAT IS AN HOMOPHONE?
In the next example, the two words have the
same sound and spelling, but different meanings:
bear (noun: large, heavy animal with thick fur)
bear (verb: tolerate, endure)