The document focuses on teaching analogies, explaining their importance and various types, including synonyms, antonyms, and part-to-whole relationships. It provides examples and exercises to help understand how relationships between words can be identified and applied using analogies. The objectives are to determine relationships, complete analogies, and reflect on their significance in strengthening logical thinking skills.

1. ANALOGY
QUARTER 1 MODULE 1

2. An Analogy Poem
Ill is to sick as shiny is to glitter
Occupation is to job as old is to bitter
In is to out as up is to down
Large is huge as city is to town
Laugh is to cry as smile is to frown
Left is to right as hat is to crown

3. PICTURE FILLING
Complete the related words by supplying it with the pictures on the choices.
a. Tall is to Short :: Happy is to _____
b. Wheel is to ____ :: Shirt is to Button
c. Chef is to Cook :: Farmer is to ­
­
­
_____
d. Ruler is to Measure :: ____ is to Write
e. _____ is to Flower :: Yellow is to Color

4. OBJECTIVES:
A. determine the relationships presented in analogies;
B. give words or expressions that complete the analogy; and
C. reflect on the importance of analogy.

5. What is Analogy?
 a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation
or clarification
 something that shows how two things are alike, but with the ultimate goal
of making a point about this comparison

6. READING AND ANALYZING ANALOGIES
Word analogies, or verbal analogies, are like logic puzzles. These compare two
different things by breaking them into parts to see how they are related. A word
analogy looks like this:
kitten is to cat as puppy is to ____
Sometimes analogies use colons (:) to stand for words, so that when you read it
aloud, the analogy looks like:
kitten : cat :: puppy : _____.

7. Usually, the last word in the analogy is blank. You need to figure out what the
relationship is. In this case, the relationship between a kitten and a cat is a young and
an adult animal, so you can complete the analogy like this:
kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog
Analogies can show many different types of word relationships. The key is deciding
what the relationship between the first set of words is, and matching it in the second
set.

8. TYPES OF ANALOGY RELATIOSHIPS
a. SYNONYMS - are words that have the same or nearly the same meaning.
Example:
Beautiful : Pretty :: Smart : Intelligent
 BEAUTIFUL is similar in meaning to PRETTY just as SMART is
similar in meaning to INTELLIGENT.

9. b. ANTONYMS - are words that have opposite meaning.
Example:
Clean : Dirty :: On : Off
 CLEAN is opposite in meaning to DIRTY just as ON is opposite in
meaning to OFF.
c. PART TO WHOLE - in this relationship, the first word is part of the second word.
Example:
Keyboard : Computer :: Door : House
 KEYBOARD is a part of COMPUTER just as DOOR is a part of HOUSE.

10. d. CATEGORY/TYPE – a word is a member of a group or category that the other
word describes
Example:
Cellphone : Gadget :: Narra : Tree
 CELLPHONE is a type of GADGET just as NARRA is a type of TREE.
e. OBJECT TO FUNCTION - this type of analogy tests whether you can determine the
function of a specific thing or tool.
Example:
Shovel : Dig :: Shield : Protect
 SHOVEL is used to DIG just as SHIELD is used to PROTECT.

11. f. PERFORMER TO RELATED ACTION
- this analogy links a person with the action they commonly
perform.
Example:
Teacher : Teach :: Student : Study
 TEACHERS is to TEACH just as STUDENTS is to STUDY.

12. g. CAUSE AND EFFECT
- in this type one word in the pair describes an action or cause while the other word
describes the outcome or effect to that action or cause.
Example:
Not studying : Low grades :: Virus : Illness
 NOT STUDYING causes LOW GRADES just as VIRUS causes ILLNESS.

13. Importance of learning words with multiple
meaning
 Learning analogies will help students develop as abstract thinkers.
 It can strengthen their understanding of logical relationships.

14. Let’s Identify!
Identify the relationship expressed in each analogy.
a. Tall is to Short :: Happy is to _____
b. Wheel is to ____ :: Shirt is to Button
c. Chef is to Cook :: Farmer is to ­
­
­
_____
d. Ruler is to Measure :: ____ is to Write
e. _____ is to Flower :: Yellow is to Color
ANTONYM
PART TO WHOLE
PERFORMANCE TO RELATED ACTION
OJECT TO FUNCTION
CATEGORY/TYPE

15. Let’s do the Recap!
o What is an ANALOGY?
 a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation
or clarification
o What are the different types of analogy relationships?
 something that shows how two things are alike, but with the ultimate goal
of making a point about this comparison
 The different types of analogy relationships are synonyms, antonyms, part
to whole, category/type, object to function, performer to related action
and cause and effect.

16. EVALUATION:
Complete each analogy using a word from the word pool. Answer only.
Laughter Subtract Week
Night Finger
Carrot Delicious Cut
Dirty Act
1. Plus : Add :: Minus : _______
2. Day : Sun :: _______ : Moon
3. Scissors : ______ :: Pencil : Write
Subtract
Night
Cut

17. Laughter Subtract Week
Night Finger
Carrot Delicious Cut
Dirty Act
4. _______ : Vegetable :: Orange : Fruit
5. Young : Old :: Clean : _______
6. Reporter : Report :: Actor : _______
7. _______ : Yummy :: Draw : Sketch
8. Foot : Toe :: Hand : _______
9. _______ : Month :: Hour : Day
10. Joke : _________ :: Sleep : Rest
Carrot
Dirty
Act
Delicious
Finger
Week
Laughter

18. ASSIGNMENT:
In a ½ crosswise, write one (1) example of each type of analogy relationship.