https://www.aasraw.com/afatinib-on-anti-caners/
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Afatinib powder, sold under the brand name Gilotrif among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).It belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor family of medications.It is taken by mouth.
West egfr mutation acquired resistanceH. Jack West
Review by Dr. H. Jack West of current understanding of mechanisms behind and emerging treatment options for patients with advanced NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors after a good initial response.
West egfr mutation acquired resistanceH. Jack West
Review by Dr. H. Jack West of current understanding of mechanisms behind and emerging treatment options for patients with advanced NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors after a good initial response.
EGFR TKIs Combinding the inhibition of RAS-ERK signaling in NSCLC Treatmentasclepiuspdfs
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and EGFR overexpression have become the key factor to the occurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors (EGRR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs) were used in clinic to treat NSCLC by blocking the EGFR signaling pathway. Due to the existence of rare EGFR mutations and secondary mutations under drug load, the first generation, second generation, and third generation of EGFR TKIs have been used in clinical practice. In addition, EGFR secondary mutation and abnormal activation of EGFR downstream signaling molecules or bypass signaling pathways are the reasons for NSCLC resistance to EGFR TKIs. The combination of EGFR TKIs and EGFR downstream signal molecule inhibitors can improve the efficiency of targeted therapy for NSCLC. Based on clarifying the mechanism of resistance of NSCLC to EGFR TKIs, this paper introduces new inhibitors targeting RAS-ERK signaling downstream of EGFR. This paper also reviews progresses in a combination of EGFR TKIs and downstream signal molecule inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
This is a briefing on the PD-1 and PD-L1 targeted agents. This briefing provides a summary of the agents in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. The briefing specifically focusses on the clinical and commercial development of nivolumab which includes a product profile, clinical development program and timeline, SWOT, potential issues, strategy, etc. More details on the products contained in this briefing can be obtained upon special request.
Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy in EGFR and ALK-Positive Lung Cancer:...H. Jack West
This is a presentation I did for a meeting on new general management of acquired resistance in 2014, including the concept of local therapy for limited progression, and new treatment approaches and new agents for this setting. It features discussion of several of the most important trials.
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Erlotinib Powder, sold under the brand name Tarceva among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Specifically it is used for NSCLC with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) — either an exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation — which has spread to other parts of the body.
#Erlotinib,
EGFR TKIs Combinding the inhibition of RAS-ERK signaling in NSCLC Treatmentasclepiuspdfs
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and EGFR overexpression have become the key factor to the occurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors (EGRR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs) were used in clinic to treat NSCLC by blocking the EGFR signaling pathway. Due to the existence of rare EGFR mutations and secondary mutations under drug load, the first generation, second generation, and third generation of EGFR TKIs have been used in clinical practice. In addition, EGFR secondary mutation and abnormal activation of EGFR downstream signaling molecules or bypass signaling pathways are the reasons for NSCLC resistance to EGFR TKIs. The combination of EGFR TKIs and EGFR downstream signal molecule inhibitors can improve the efficiency of targeted therapy for NSCLC. Based on clarifying the mechanism of resistance of NSCLC to EGFR TKIs, this paper introduces new inhibitors targeting RAS-ERK signaling downstream of EGFR. This paper also reviews progresses in a combination of EGFR TKIs and downstream signal molecule inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
This is a briefing on the PD-1 and PD-L1 targeted agents. This briefing provides a summary of the agents in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. The briefing specifically focusses on the clinical and commercial development of nivolumab which includes a product profile, clinical development program and timeline, SWOT, potential issues, strategy, etc. More details on the products contained in this briefing can be obtained upon special request.
Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy in EGFR and ALK-Positive Lung Cancer:...H. Jack West
This is a presentation I did for a meeting on new general management of acquired resistance in 2014, including the concept of local therapy for limited progression, and new treatment approaches and new agents for this setting. It features discussion of several of the most important trials.
https://www.aasraw.com/products/erlotinib/
https://www.aasraw.com/using-erlotinib/
Erlotinib Powder, sold under the brand name Tarceva among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Specifically it is used for NSCLC with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) — either an exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation — which has spread to other parts of the body.
#Erlotinib,
E1512 Trial Spotlight for May 2013 ECOG-ACRIN NewsletterSara Bucknam
E1512 Trial spotlight for ECOG-ACRIN Newsletter. E1512 is a randomized, three‐arm phase II trial investigating the clinical efficacy and safety of erlotinib alone, cabozantinib alone, or erlotinib plus cabozantinib as second‐ or third‐line therapy in patients with EGFR wild‐type NSCLC.
ADVANCED NONSURGICAL THERAPY FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCERSNINAN THOMAS
H & N cancer has been potentially curable for decades with surgery or RT or by combination of these Both of these are only successful in early stage of disease In more advanced disease the results have been disappointing .Approximately 50%-60% of patients manifest loco-regional recurrence within two years.
20%-30% develop distant metastasis if they survive long enough.
ABSTRACT- Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. The epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFR) cascades the signaling pathway that regulates tumor-cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis. Since EGFR is often over-expressed in NSCLC and the level of EGFR expression correlates with poor prognosis. EGFR inhibitors have been developed as a novel therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is the first molecular targeted agent approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. It is a highly effective EGFR TK inhibitor (TKI) selectively blocks the signal transduction pathways implicated in cancer growth. Key-words- Lung Cancer, EGFR, NSCLC, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)
An high-level overview : The overall objective is to prioritize solid tumors with pan-FGFR driven cancer, evaluate clinical benchmarks and develop TPP for lead indication
- Ashish Jaiswal | Email: ashish.jaiswal8@gmail.com
Erlotinib 100 mg, 150mg film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
ERLOTINIB Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, ERLOTINIB Dosage & Rx Info | ERLOTINIB Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, ERLOTINIB - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, ERLOTINIB dose Taj pharmaceuticals ERLOTINIB interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical ERLOTINIB contraindications, ERLOTINIB price, ERLOTINIB Taj Pharma Cancer, oncologyErlotinib 100 mg, 150mg film-coated tablets SMPC- Taj Pharma
Lynette M. Sholl, MD, and Geoffrey R. Oxnard, MD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer in this CME/MOC activity titled "Molecular Testing for EGFR Mutations in the Context of a Changing Treatment Landscape, Evolving Testing Options, and Updated Guidelines: What Pathologists Need to Know and Do." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME/MOC information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2sPyPNn. CME/MOC credit will be available until February 5, 2020.
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and accounts for the most cancer-related deaths. Because of this, it is continuously studied for advancements in how to treat and manage it. This involves improved detection, which facilitates better treatment outcomes, and developments in the direct treatment of lung cancer.
Similar to 6 questions about afatinib on anti caners(nsclc) (20)
An depth look about 17alpha-methyltestosterone uses in Tilapia sex reversal.pdfAASraw
17alpha-Methyltestosterone is a versatile synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid with applications ranging from medical treatments to bodybuilding and aquaculture. In medicine, it helps treat hormone deficiencies and specific cancers. In non-medical contexts, it is used illicitly for enhancing athletic performance. In aquaculture, it plays a crucial role in producing all-male fish populations to optimize growth and productivity.
The Golden Rule of Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT) in bodybuilding.pdfAASraw
Post Cycle Therapy (PCT) is a crucial phase for bodybuilders and athletes who use anabolic steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) to restore their natural hormonal balance after a cycle. PCT products aim to mitigate the suppression of natural testosterone production, prevent muscle loss, and reduce the risk of side effects such as gynecomastia and mood swings. Key PCT products include Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) like Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid) and Tamoxifen (Nolvadex), which stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to boost natural testosterone production and block estrogen receptors, respectively. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) such as Anastrozole and Letrozole are used to prevent the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, maintaining higher testosterone levels and minimizing estrogen-related side effects. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is sometimes used to directly stimulate testosterone production.
https://www.aea.ltd/post-cycle-therapy-pct-in-bodybuilding/
What are the top peptides for bodybuilding.pdfAASraw
Peptides are short chains of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, that play crucial roles in various physiological functions. Peptides work by stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn promotes muscle growth and repair. They can also increase protein synthesis, improve metabolism, and reduce inflammation, leading to better overall body composition and performance.
In bodybuilding, peptides are popular for their ability to enhance muscle growth, aid in fat loss, and improve recovery. They are more specific in their actions compared to traditional steroids, which means they can target specific goals like muscle growth or fat loss with fewer side effects. Peptides also have a shorter half-life, allowing for more precise dosing and minimizing the risk of detection in drug tests. Overall, peptides offer bodybuilders a safe and effective way to enhance their physique and performance.
https://www.aea.ltd/product/bpc-157/
BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide that has shown potential therapeutic benefits in promoting tissue healing and regeneration. It may be used for wound healing, including skin, muscle, tendon, and bone injuries. Additionally, it has been studied for its potential effects on gastrointestinal healing, joint and bone health, and its anti-inflammatory properties.
Healing Marvel: Harnessing TB500's Multifunctional Powers for Rapid RecoveryAASraw
TB500 emerges as a remarkable therapeutic agent with multifaceted properties that hold immense promise for healing and recovery. Its ability to enhance tissue regeneration, reduce inflammation, and promote angiogenesis makes it a potent tool in the realm of medical interventions. From wound healing and tissue repair to musculoskeletal injuries and chronic conditions, TB500 showcases its versatile nature. Furthermore, its potential to improve cardiovascular health and aid in neuroprotection further expands its scope of applications. While further research is necessary to fully understand its mechanisms and optimize its clinical use, TB500 undoubtedly stands as a beacon of hope for patients seeking accelerated healing and improved outcomes.
Exploring the Benefits and Risks of Melanotan II A Comprehensive Overview .pdfAASraw
The tanning benefits of MT-II are desirable to individuals who want to achieve a sun-kissed look without prolonged sun exposure. By using MT-II, individuals can achieve a tan quickly and conveniently, regardless of their access to sunlight or their skin's natural ability to tan. MT-II offers an alternative to traditional tanning methods, such as sunbathing or using tanning beds, and provides greater control over the tanning process.
How does Vardenafil HCL Powder compare to similar sex enchaner powder.pdfAASraw
Vardenafil and tadalafil are both medications used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. While both drugs are similar in many ways, there are a few differences that may make one more suitable for some men than the other.
One unique benefit of vardenafil is its faster onset of action. Vardenafil typically starts working within 15-30 minutes of taking it, while tadalafil can take up to 30-60 minutes to take effect. This faster onset of action may be beneficial for men who want to be spontaneous with their sexual activity.
Another potential advantage of vardenafil is that it may be less likely to cause certain side effects than tadalafil. For example, some men report experiencing less back pain and muscle aches with vardenafil than with tadalafil.
On the other hand, #tadalafil has a longer duration of action than vardenafil. While vardenafil typically lasts for 4-5 hours, tadalafil can last for up to 36 hours. This longer duration of action may be beneficial for men who want more flexibility in their sexual activity and do not want to worry about taking a pill every time they want to have sex.
https://www.aasraw.com/products/vardenafil-hydrochloride-levitra-powder/
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Special Issue:What hormones are typically used for fish sex reversal Version ...AASraw
Fish sex reversal is an important technique used in aquaculture to produce all-male populations for faster growth and improved disease resistance.
Revised version of last article.
Special Issue:What hormones are typically used for fish sex reversal.pdfAASraw
Male fish are generally heavier and grow faster than female fish. Therefore, in order to ensure the supply of fish meat to the greatest extent, people use sex control technology to increase the yield and variety of fish under the premise of ensuring that exogenous hormones are harmless to the human body.
The most discussed topic on cbd powder oils(1)AASraw
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CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a chemical compound from the Cannabid sativa plant. Two of the compounds in marijuana are delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD. These compounds have different effects.
https://www.aasraw.com/products/azd-9291/
AZD-9291 powder is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that binds to certain mutant forms of EGFR (T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletion) that predominate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours following treatment with first-line EGFR-TKIs.
Top 7 drugs for treating lung cancer approved by fdaAASraw
https://www.aasraw.com/lung-cancer-drugs/
Many patients with lung cancer choose drug therapy in the early stage, because it is the most direct and simple way to control the spread of cancer cells. The following drugs are commonly used to treat lung cancer(SCLC and NSCLC).
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CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a chemical compound from the Cannabid sativa plant. Two of the compounds in marijuana are delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD. These compounds have different effects.
https://www.aasraw.com/anti-cancer-drugs-acalabrutinib/
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Acalabrutinib powder, also known as ACP-196, is a novel irreversible second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and that, was rationally designed to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib.
Cabozantinib success stories on treating canerAASraw
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Cabozantinib Powder, sold under the brand names Cometriq and Cabometyx, is a medication used to treat medullary thyroid cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a small molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases c-Met and VEGFR2, and also inhibits AXL and RET. It was discovered and developed by Exelixis Inc.
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Ceritinib(CAS:1032900-25-6) has been shown to be effective at treating patients whose disease progressed during or shortly after treatment with crizotinib and who currently have very limited treatment options, as well as patients who have not been treated before. Regarding safety, the adverse effects with Ceritinib generally appeared manageable.
Clomiphene citrate raw powder is it possible to get pregnancy fast by clomiph...AASraw
https://www.aasraw.com/is-it-get-fast-by-clomiphene/
Clomiphene citrate powder is a non-steroidal fertility medicine. It causes the pituitary gland to release hormones needed to stimulate ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary).
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Yohimbine HCL powder is an alpha-blocker. It works by increasing certain chemicals in the body, which dilate the pupils of the eye. It also dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow in the penis, which helps to improve erectile function. And its subset yohimbine, are fat-burning compounds, primarily used to lose fat during short term fasting.
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Adrafinil powder has gained popularity in recent years due to its similarity to modafinil and relative accessibility. Adrafinil powder is treated like a dietary supplement in the United States in that you can buy it without a prescription.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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What Is Afatinib?
Afatinib(CAS: 439081-18-2) is a targeted therapy drug that is also known as Giotrif. It is
used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has started to spread outside the
lung or to other parts of the body. It may also be used to treat other cancers as part of a
clinical trial.
It is best to read this information with our general information about lung cancer or the
type of cancer you have. Your doctor will talk to you about this treatment and its possible
side effects before you agree (consent) to have treatment. During treatment, you will see
a cancer doctor or nurse. This is who we mean when we mention a doctor or nurse in this
information.
When We Need Afatinib?
Afatinib may be used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has:
♦ Spread to surrounding tissues (locally advanced)
♦ Spread to other parts of the body (advanced or metastatic).
Afatinib only works for cancers that have an abnormal form of a protein called epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR). Tests are done on the cancer cells from a biopsy or
previous surgery to check the level of EGFR. This tells your doctor whether afatinib is
likely to work for you.
How Does Afatinib Work?
Afatinib is a potent and selective, irreversible ErbB family blocker. Afatinib covalently
binds to and irreversibly blocks signaling from all homo and heterodimers formed by the
ErbB family members EGFR (ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2), ErbB3 and ErbB4 .
In particular, afatinib covalently binds to the kinase domains of EGFR (ErbB1), HER2
(ErbB2), and HER4 (ErbB4) and irreversibly inhibits tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation,
resulting in downregulation of ErbB signaling. Certain mutations in EGFR, including
non-resistant mutations in its kinase domain, can result in increased autophosphorylation
of the receptor, leading to receptor activation, sometimes in the absence of ligand binding,
and can support cell proliferation in NSCLC. Non-resistant mutations are defined as those
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occurring in exons constituting the kinase domain of EGFR that lead to increased receptor
activation and where efficacy is predicted by 1) clinically meaningful tumor shrinkage with
the recommended dose of afatinib and/or 2) inhibition of cellular proliferation or EGFR
tyrosine kinase phosphorylation at concentrations of afatinib sustainable at the
recommended dosage according to validated methods. The most commonly found of
these mutations are exon 21 L858R substitutions and exon 19 deletions.
Moreover, afatinib demonstrated inhibition of autophosphorylation and/or in vitro
proliferation of cell lines expressing wild-type EGFR and in those expressing selected
EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations, exon 21 L858R mutations, or other less common
non-resistant mutations, at afatinib concentrations achieved in patients. In addition,
afatinib inhibited in vitro proliferation of cell lines overexpressing HER2.
AASraw is the professional manufacturer of
Afatinib.
Was Afatinib Approved by FDA? Sure
Approval provides a new second-line treatment option for patients with the second largest
sub-type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), representing about 20-30% of NSCLC
cases
Approval is based on results of the LUX-Lung 8 study, which showed significantly
improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared to Tarceva (erlotinib) in
patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Afatinib is already approved in more than 60 countries for the treatment of patients with
distinct types of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC
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What Risk/Side
effects Does Afatinib Bring?
Important things to remember about the side effects of afatinib:
▪ Most people will not experience all of the afatinib side effects listed.
▪ Afatinib side effects are often predictable in terms of their onset, duration, and severity.
▪ Afatinib side effects are almost always reversible and will go away after therapy is
complete.
▪ Afatinib side effects may be quite manageable. There are many options to minimize or
prevent the side effects of afatinib.
The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients
taking afatinib:
▪ Diarrhea
▪ Acneiform eruption (group of skin conditions resembling acne)
▪ Mouth sores
▪ Paronychia (infection of nails)
▪ Dry mouth
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These are less common side effects (occurring in 10-29%) for patients receiving
afatinib:
▪ Decreased appetite
▪ Itching
▪ Weight loss
▪ Nose bleeds
▪ Cystitis (bladder infection)
▪ Cheilitis (inflammation of the lips)
▪ Fever
▪ Hypokalemia (low potassium)
▪ Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
▪ Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
▪ Elevated liver enzymes
Not all side effects are listed above. Some that are rare (occurring in less than about 10
percent of patients) are not listed here. Always inform your health care provider if you
experience any unusual symptoms.
What Other Researchs About Afatinib?
❶Afatinib(BIBW2992)developmentinnon-small-celllungcancer
Afatinib (BIBW 2992), a novel aniline–quinazoline derivative, irreversibly and equipotently
targets the intrinsic kinase activity of all active ErbB receptor family members. Preclinical
results show that afatinib is effective in lung cancer models, including those with EGF
receptor (EGFR) mutations resistant to reversible first-generation EGFR inhibitors.
Afatinib is being investigated in the LUX-Lung program, which will evaluate afatinib as a
first-line treatment in patients with EGFR-activating mutations (LUX-Lung 2, 3 and 6) and
as a second- or third-line treatment in patients that have acquired resistance to gefitinib
and/or erlotinib (LUX-Lung 1, 4 and 5). LUX-Lung 1 and 2 have demonstrated, within their
respective target groups, a significant increase in the disease control rate of 58 and 86%,
respectively, and significant prolongation of progression-free survival. Further Phase III
clinical trials are currently ongoing to assess afatinib in combination with paclitaxel
(LUX-Lung 5), and compared with cisplatin/pemetrexed (LUX-Lung 3) or
cisplatin/gemcitabine (LUX-Lung 6).
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AASraw is the professional manufacturer of
Afatinib.
❷Afatinibinlocallyadvancedandmetastaticchordoma
This is a Phase 2 trial studying the effectiveness of a targeted cancer drug called afatinib.
Afatinib inhibits the EGFR protein, which is believed to be involved in driving the growth of
chordoma tumors. This study is designed specifically for chordoma patients 18 years or
older with recurrent or metastatic tumors. It is currently open at Leiden University Medical
Center (LUMC) and University College London Hospital (UCLH) and will open at Istituto
dei Nazionale Tumori (INT) in Milan in the coming months. The principal investigators for
this study are Dr. Hans Gelderblom at LUMC, Dr. Silvia Stacchiotti at INT, and Dr. Sandra
Strauss at UCLH.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein found on the surface of certain
cells throughout the body. Ordinarily, EGFR helps to regulate cell growth and plays a role
in wound healing. In certain cancers, including most chordomas, EGFR becomes
overactive, leading the cancer cells to multiply out of control.
Drugs that block EGFR called “EGFR inhibitors” are approved to treat several different
types of cancer. Afatinib is an EGFR inhibitor that is currently approved to treat
non-small-cell lung cancer and is being tested in other tumor types.
Several EGFR inhibitors have been shown to slow or stop the growth of chordoma cells
and chordoma tumors in mice. Of all the EGFR inhibitors tested, afatinib was the most
effective in mouse models of chordoma. In some mouse models, it slowed the growth of
the tumors, while in others it caused the tumors to shrink considerably. This trial aims to
determine whether afatinib can shrink or stop the growth of chordoma tumors in patients
with recurrent or metastatic disease.
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