Biodiversity refers to the variety and number of living organisms within an ecosystem or on Earth. It exists at three levels - genetic, species, and ecosystem biodiversity. Genetic biodiversity refers to the diversity within species and between populations of a single species. Species biodiversity is measured as the variety of species within a region. Ecosystem biodiversity refers to the variety of ecosystems like forests and wetlands within a region. Threats to biodiversity include habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, climate change, overhunting, and natural catastrophes.

1. BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity is the variety and the
number of living organisms within a
given ecosystem, or on Earth.

2. BIODIVERSITY
• Biodiversity means the variety and variability of
all living organisms.
• Biodiversity constitutes the biological wealth.
• Biological diversity is at three levels :
• GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
• SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
• ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY

4. GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
• Genetic diversity refers to the diversity
(or genetic variability) within species.
• Each individual species possesses genes which
are the source of its own unique features
• The term genetic diversity also covers distinct
populations of a single species, such as the
thousands of breeds of different dogs or the
numerous variety of roses.

5. Each species consists of many organisms and
virtually no two members of the same species
are genetically identical.
Genetic diversity is usually mentioned with
reference to agriculture and maintaining food
security.
This is because genetic erosion of several
crops has already occurred leading to the
world's dependence for food on just a few
species.

6. SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
The variety of species within a region and
measured on region wise . More species
biodiversity means more biologic wealth.

9. ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY
• Refers to variety of ecosystems in a particular
region
or zone as for example various ecosystem
include forests, wetlands, zones, deserts, etc.

11. • Diversity decreases due to stress
• Both natural and man made
• The greater the bio diversity the better is the
eco system
• There are about 2,89,100 species of plants
and fungi and 10,53,800 species of animals
presently known to scientists

12. Economic Values of biodiversity
 Direct use values
• Consumptive use values
• Productive use value
 Indirect use values
 Social values
• Aesthetic value
• Option values
 Existence (ethical ) values

13. Biodiversity in India
One of the 12 mega diversity nations
of the world

14. Endangered and endemic species of
India
• IUCN has prepared a red data book
• According to red data book a threatened species
is one whose natural habitat is disturbed
• As per schedule 1 of wildlife(protection) Act 1972
of India a species is considered endangered when
its number reduces to a critical level.
• 38 species of bird,18 of reptiles and
amphibian, 81 of mammals have been labeled
endangered in India.

15. • A species faces a high risk of extinction when
there is a suspected deduction of at least 50%
over the last 10 year or three generations.
• Endemic species:- very restricted distribution
,found relatively small ranges.

16. Threat to biodiversity
• Habitat destruction and degradation
• Over exploitation
• Pollution
• Invasion of Non- native species
• Climatic changes
• Over hunting
• Natural catastrophe