This document describes an improved electric blasting initiator that is adapted for mechanical assembly. It includes an elongated tubular metal shell containing explosive charges and an ignition assembly with a rigid non-metallic capsule holding an ignition composition and bridge wire. The capsule is prevented from inward movement by crimps in the shell walls. This design allows for reliable mechanical assembly without risk of damaging the ignition assembly.

1. * GB785744 (A)
Description: GB785744 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to combined control means in respect of the
starting andthe gear changing operations of motor vehicles
Description of GB785744 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,744 t O Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan
12, 1956 No 1651.
Application made in France on Sept 24, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 80 ( 2), D 3 C.
International Classification:-FO 6 h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Combined Control means in respect of
the Starting and the Gear Changing Operations of Motor Vehicles 56.
We, SOCIETE ANO Nym E ANDRE CITROEN, a French Body Corporate, of
117/167, Quai de Javel, Paris (Seine), France, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-

2. This invention relates to combined control means in respect of the
starting and the gear changing operations of motor vehicles.
On motor vehicles the operations of starting and of changing the gear
are usually effected by means of separate control levers This is
accompanied by the disadvantage that it is possible to operate the
starter when the pinions of one of the gear speeds are in mesh and in
consequence the engine is connected up with the driven wheels, which
will cause the vehicle to move forwards and may give, rise to
accidents.
There is also the further disadvantage that the starter may be
actuated inadvertently whilst the engine is running, with the risk of
damage to the starting pinions.
The present invention has for its object to eliminate these
disadvantages, and in particular it is the object of the invention to
provide a combined gear and starter control means, in which the
starter is caused to be operated by means of a contact actuated by the
gear control lever in a position thereof in which the gear box is in
neutral Furthermore, according to an additional feature of the
invention, current is fed to the starter through the medium of a
relay, which is disposed in series with the dynamo, so that when the
latter is in operation the relay is in a state of balance between the
voltage of the battery and the voltage of the dynamo, and in
consequence is unable to operate.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood an
embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example with
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig 1 is a
longitudinal view of a gear 50 change lever according to the
invention.
Fig 1 A is a view of a detail.
Fig 2 is a section taken along the line II-II in Fig 1.
Fig 3 is a circuit diagram in respect of 55 the starter.
Upon referring to the drawing it will be seen that the gear change
control means comprise a support 1, and lever 2 acting on a control
rod 3 in such a manner as to 60 cause this rod to be capable of
turning and sliding in the support This rod carries a member 4 having
a channel 5, which is illustrated in detail in Fig 1 A Into this
channel, which generally speaking is of 65 U-form, there penetrates a
guide pin 6 secured to the support.
As shown, the channel 5 comprises two main branches 5 a, 5 b, each of
which defines a position of displacement of the rod 3 and 70
corresponds to a certain speed For example, the channel 5 a
corresponds to reverse gear and the first speed of the gear, whilst
the channel 5 b corresponds to the second, third and fourth speeds 75
The channel 5 furthermore possesses at its middle point, in a

3. direction opposed to the branches 5 a and 5 b, an extension 5 c, which
is such that the guide pin 6, proceeding from one of the channels 5 a
or 5 b, 80 is able to enter the same only after the rod 3 has been
made to slide a certain distance, thus compelling the driver to effect
a lifting or lowering of the lever 2, followed by a rotary movement,
in order to move the 85 pin 6 to the end of the groove 5 a, this
position of the lever corresponding to the neutral condition of the
gear box In this position a contact finger 7 rigidly mounted on the
member 4 closes a switch 10 formed 90 785,744 by a metallic strip 8
and a fixed contact 9 mounted on the support The switch 10, as
illustrated diagrammatically in Fig 3, is located in the circuit of a
relay 11 controlling the supply of current to the starter 12 by way of
the contact 15.
As already stated, and as will he seen from the diagram, the relay is
connected in series between the battery 13 and the dynamo 14 In this
manner, when the dynamo is rotating in normal operation, the voltage
of the battery and that of the dynamo oppose one another and the
starter is unable to operate.
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* GB785745 (A)
Description: GB785745 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Blasting initiator
Description of GB785745 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE546106 (A) DE1040438 (B) FR1138427 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Blasting Initiator
We, E. 1. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND CO., a Corporation organised and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United
States of America, of Wilmington, State of
Delaware, United States of America (Assignee of Charles Russell
Johnson and
Merrill Edward Swanson) do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement :-
The present invention relates to a blasting initiator. More
particularly, this invention relates to an electric blasting initiator
particularly adapted for mechanical assembly.
Electric blasting initiators are widely used in mining, quarrying, and
construction industries and large numbers are produced annually.
Essentially, the electric blasting initiators consist of a metal shell
enclosing a base charge of a detonating explosive, a priming charge,
and an electrical ignition means. The electrical ignition means
comprises a burning composition readily ignitible by the heat from an
incandescent wire, a high-resistance bridge wire imbedded in the
burning composition, and a pair of leg wires leading from outside the
metal shell and connected within the shell by means of the bridge
wire. The leg wires are maintained in a parallel spaced relationship
within the shell by a plug sealing the open end of the shell. This
plug, or some element associated with the plug, must hold the leg
wires with sufficient firmness so that they will not be pulled out of
the shell during normal handling, nor will they be moved sufficiently
to break the bridge wire connection or to produce a short circuit with
each other or the shell wall. The bridge wire is imbedded in the
burning composition either by introducing the leg wire-bridge wire
assembly into a shell containing a loose ignition charge until the
bridge wire is surrounded by this loose charge, or by incorporating a
binder with the ignition compositions and applying the composition in

5. the form of a bead to the bridge wire and thereafter introducing the
beaded assembly into the shell.
In the past, the electric blasting initiators have been assembled
primarily by hand, and the assemblers exercised considerable caution
and skill to prevent breaking the bridge wire during the assembly
operation. Also, in the case where the leg wire-bridge wire assembly
is introduced into a loose mass of powder, the assemblers exercised
judgment in positioning the assembly so as to avoid defective
assemblies due to irregularities in either the shell length or the
height of the loose powder within the shell. For example, if the
bridge wire is pressed beyond the loose powder portion, it may be
broken by contact with the unyielding pressed charge. On the other
hand, if the bridge wire is not introduced sumciently to be imbedded,
in the loose ignition composition, no initiation may occur when a
current is applied.
At present, the assembly of initiation devices by mechanical means
instead of hand means is of growing importance. Therefore, it is
desirable to provide an electrical blasting initiator design wherein
the exercise of caution and judgment during assembly is not a
requirement.
The same construction features are found in electric delay blasting
initiators, wherein a delay train is positioned between the elec-
trical ignition means and the priming charge, and the same problems
regarding mechanical assembly exist as in the case of the regular
electric blasting initiators.
Electrical blasting initiators are frequently used in areas where only
the current produced by conventional blasting machines is available
and in many cases a large number of the initiators connected in series
or in parallel are preferably initiated simultane- ously. Therefore,
the ignition means should function when only a small current (for
example, 0.5 amperes or less) is applied. On the other hand, the
initiators are frequently used in areas where high voltages (440
volts) are used to power equipment and to initiate the blast. When a
high voltage current is applied to an electrical initiator, an arc may
be formed which will pierce the shell walls.
In the case of delay initiators, such piercing may interfere with the
functioning of the delay train. Therefore, the ignition means should
function when a high voltage power source is applied, and, in the case
of a delay initiator, the formation of an arc should not mander the
initiator ineffective. In many field areas, initiators are exposed to
very high voltage static discharges. The initiators should not be
initiated by the influence of such discharges. Therefore, a preferred
electric blasting initiator should be resistant to static discharges,
be resistant to high voltage arcing damage, and yet be ignitible by

6. the application oi a relatively small current.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an
electrical blasting initiator adapted for mechanical assembly.
Fur ; ber, an object of this invention is to provide an electrical
blasting initiator which has excellent static resistance. A still
further object of this invention is to provide a delay blasting
initiator which will not be rendered ineffective by the formation of
an arc. Addi- tional objects will become apparent as this invention is
more fully described.
The foregoing objects are attained by providing an electric blasting
initiator having an elongated ventless tubular metal shell, a base
charge of a detonating explosive within said shell, a priming charge
adjacent to the base charge, and an ignition assembly comprising a
rigid cup-shaped capsule of a non-metallic composition, said capsule
having a larger diameter at the open end than at the closed end and
side walls of greater thickness than the bottom wall thereof, an
ignition compo- sition substantially filling said capsule, a bridge
wire embedded in said ignition composition and connecting a pair of
leg wires, and a plug of insulating material completely surrounding
said leg wires, said plug having its base Rush with the top of said
capsule and said capsule being prevented from inward movement within
said shell by port- pheral crimp in the sidewalls of the shell.
Delay initiators will include a delay train interpose between the
ignition assembly and the priming charge.
In order te more fully describe the initiator of the present
invention, reference is now nnarle. the accompanying drawing in which
thee parts are as follows: 7 is an elongated tubular shell, for ex-
ample,of gilding metal or aluminium, 2 is a base charge of a
detonating explosive, for example. tetryl. cyclonite, or
pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 3 is a priming charge, for example, lead
azide or mixtures of lead azide and a bis-basic salt of lead nitrate
with a nitrophenol, 4 is a delay train carrier, for example, lead or
synthetic plastic tubing, 5 is a delay charge, for example, an 85 15
by weight barium oxideZselenium mixture or 2/98 by weight boronfred
red lead mixture, 6 is a peripheral crimp in the shell wall which
prevents the delay train carrier 4 from damaging the ignition assembly
in the event it is jarred loose, 7 is an ignition composition, for
example, a 50/25/25 by weight smokeless powder, potassium chlorateI
dibasic lead salt of a nitro-phenol mixture or a 2/98 by weight
boiront'rend lead mixture, 8 is a nonmetallic capsule, for example, of
moulded polyethylene or nylon. 9 is a peripheral crimp in shell l
supporting capsule 8, IC is a bridge wire embedded in the igni- tion
composition 7 and connecting leg wires 11. 12 is a mechanically
assembled pluo of a rubber-like composition preformed into twc halves

7. (such as that described and claimed in United Kingdom Patent No. 636,
792) and held together prior to insertion into shell 1 by means of
metal ferrule 13. 14 is a groove through the plug. 15 is a beaded
portion on leg wires 11, and 16 are crimps in the wall of shel ! 7
which hold plug 72 nrmly in posi- tion.
In the assembly of the initiator depicted in the drawing, base charge
2 is first introduced into shell 1. and pressed with a pin which
produces the hollow to be filled with priming charge 3. The priming
charge b then loaded into shell 1 and pressed into position, after
which delay carrier J contain- ing delay composition ? is pressed into
shell l. The length of the delay train and the nature of composition 5
determine the period of delay. Peripheral crimps 6 and 9 are next
formed. Capsule 8 is then pressed into shell 1 until seated on the
inward projection formed bv crimp 9, after which ignition composition
7 is introduced in loose form. The mechanically assembled plug 72.
including leg wires 77 and bridge wire ? 0 is introduced into shell 1
and pressed in until the bottom is flush with the top of capsule R.
Peripheral crimps 16 complete the assembly. If a regu- lar initiator
is being assembled, the delay carrier and delay composition are
omitted, and a considerably shorter shell 7 is used.
When an electric current is applied to the initiator of the present
invention, bridge wire It) becomes incandescent. igniting composition
7. The rapid combustion of the ignition composition 7 pushes out the
thin bottom of capsule 8, sending a hot, short duration flash to the
top of delay composition 5 or to the priming charge @ if the
initiate''deesnotcontainadelavtrrjn.Thedelay composition 5 burns
essentially without the evolution of gas and the heat of combustion is
transmitted through the composition 5 to priming charge 3, which is
thereby ignited and in turn detonates base charge 2.
In the event the initiator of the present invention is exposed to
stray currents (static), the capsule 9 serves to insulate the portion
of the leg-wires 11 surrounded by ignition composition 7 so that no
spark can jump from the leg wire to the wall of shell 1 at this point
and prematurely ignite the composition 7. In the event excessive
current is applied so that an arc is formed, the groove 14 in
alignment with the beaded portions 15 of leg wires Il provides a path
for the arc and the wall of shell 1 is pierced, if at all, only above
a portion of plug 12 and the necessary confinement for effective
combustion of the delay composition 5 is retained.
From the foregoing description, it is apparent that variations in the
length of the shell, the length of the delay train, the height of the
pressed charges, etc., will not have a deleterious effect on the
assembly of the ignition means. This is particularly important in the
case of delay initiators of the ventless type because the amount of

8. ignition composition which can be used is limited. If too much
ignition composition is included, the shell may be burned through,
thus removing the confinement needed for accurate burning of the delay
composition, or, in some cases, the shell may even be burst by the
presence of too much ignition composition.
The improved resistance to the effect of electrostatic charge is
illustrated by the following test results. In the test, initiators
containing base charges, priming charges and delay charges of the same
kind and weight were provided with identical loose
ignition mixtures comprising boron and red lead around the bridge
wire. A spark current from a charged condenser was passed
simultaneously through both leg wires to the grounded metal shell of
the initiator with the bridge wire in place.
The initiators tested were as follows :-
A. As shown in the drawing, using a
moulded polyethylene capsule.
B. Similar to A, except that the plug
contained no transverse groove.
C. A standard delay initiator having no
capsule, and no transverse groove in
the plug.
Type The mnimtf n7 energy irto ules re qiiii-ed to fire criki, one of
ten detonators
B 0. 08
C 0. 0012
It is apparent from the foregoing table that the presence of the
capsule produces a tremendous improvement in electrostatic resistance,
and that the addition of the transverse groove in the plug increases
this resistance by 100%.
The initiators of the present invention were also tested for the
effect of arcing when they were fired singly by the application of a
440 volt charge. Those having plugs without the groove were erratic in
their delay periods, and in several instances failed to fire. Those
having the plug with a transverse groove consistently fired at the
specified delay interval.
As will be seen from the foregoing, the use of a mechanically
assembled plug having a transverse groove in delay initiators is a
preferred form of the present invention.
However, the tests with the plug which did not contain such groove
show that the presence of the groove is not essential for effective
reduction of electrostatic sensitivity nor will the absence of the
groove affect the assembly of initiators. Therefore, the use of a plug
in which no transverse groove is present is included within the scope
of this invention.

9. The use of a plug prepared by assembling pre-formed halves is
advantageous from a mechanical assembly standpoint, particularly when
a transverse groove is desired.
Other well known methods of forming plugs to seal initiators and to
retain the leg wires in position can be used without departing from
the spirit of this invention.
The use of a cup-shaped capsule having side-walls of greater thickness
than the bottom wall and having a contour such that the outer diameter
at the top is greater than the diameter at the bottom is a critical
feature of this invention. The reduced thickness of the bottom wall
causes the flash from the ignition composition to be directed on the
priming charge or the delay composition rather than toward a side wall
of the shell.
Tests have shown that a bottom wall thickness of more than about 0.012
inches is undesirable because the ignition composition may not flash
through the heavier walls. The tapered sides insure proper seating of
the capsule on the inward projection formed by the peripheral crimp.
The thick sidewalls also provide su l cient rigidity to the capsule to
prevent collapse when the plug is pressed into the shell. The capsule
is of a nonmetallic composition in order to provide the desired
insulating characteristics. Preferably, the capsule will be fabricated
from a thermoplastic or thermosetting synthetic composition such as
polyethylene or nylon, although materials such as wood or paperboard
can be used.
The present invention has been described in detail in the foregoing.
We intend, however, to be limited only by the following claims.
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* GB785746 (A)
Description: GB785746 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Electrolytic cell

10. Description of GB785746 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
FR1140688 (A) US2872403 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 3, 195
Application made in Germany on Feb 3, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 195;
7859746 No 3413156.
6.
7.
Index at acceptance:-Class 41, A 1 C.
International Classification:-C 23 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Electrolytic Cell We, BADISCHE ANILIN & SODA-FABRIK
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Joint Stock Company organised under the laws of
Germany, of Ludwigshafen Rhein, Germany, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to an electrolytic cell, and more particularly
to the type of cell in which a liquid cathode is adapted to flow in an
inclined trough receptacle.
Cells of this type are particularly suitable for the electrolysis of
alkali metal chloride solutions wherein flowing mercury is used as the
cathode Such cells usually include a primary unit in which by
decomposition of the electrolyte the mercury is laden with alkali
metal by the formation of an amalgam, and a secondary unit, often
termed the denuder, in which the alkali metal is separated from the
mercury The primary unit of such an alkali metal chloride cell with a

11. horizontally disposed flowing mercury amalgam cathode usually consists
of a lower part which is constructed as a trough to give the
circulating mercury amalgam a definite guidance, and an upper part
which serves as a cover for the lower part On the bottom of the lower
part or trough, which is usually provided with a slight longitudinal
gradient amounting to about 2 %, the mercury or amalgam flows as a
thin band This band should be spread out as thinly as possible in
order to limit the amount of mercury required to a minimum, and, on
the other hand, it should be spread out to the greatest possible width
because the output of the electrolyzer depends on the width of the
band However, it is a prerequisite for an unobjectionable conduction
of the electrolysis that the band should cover uninterruptedly the
bottom of the trough, which is ordinarily constructed wholly or partly
as an lPrice 3/61 iron cathode, and should not be disconnected or
otherwise interrupted For this reason the bottom should not exhibit
any unevenness, should have a constant gradient throughout the whole
length of the support viewed in 50 the direction of flow, and should
be horizontal at all points when viewed in a direction laterally
perpendicular to the flow.
These conditions con be initially fulfilled without appreciable
difficulty when the mer 55 cury band is not wider than about 80
centimetres and not longer than about 8 to 9 metres A suitable cell
trough for such a case consists in a known construction of a rolled
iron beam having a U-shaped cross-60 section as in a channel beam or
an I-shaped cross-section as in an I-beam, such that the web of the
beam forms the bottom and the flanges form the sides of the trough
Since such rolled beams, which are mounted on 65 two base support
points, must be free from sagging and twisting and remain so, rolled
sections of considerable thickness are necessary, for example, with a
rolled iron beam of I-shaped cross-section having a width of 8070
centimetres, the thickness of the flanges and web amounts to 30
millimetres Apart from this, rolled beams having a width of more than
80 centimetres are not economical to produce 75 For the construction
of large cells, it has therefore been proposed to use flat sections
welded together from sheet metal in a boxlike or hollow construction
It is difficult, however, to prepare cell troughs of this type 80
which are free from strain The cells mounted at room temperature
become distorted at the high operating temperatures, thereby seriously
disrupting the uniform flow of the mercury band Internal strains of
the 85 material caused by welding during preparation cannot
subsequently be removed, particularly where the trough is lined with
hard rubber In order to avoid these difficulties which arise from the
welding process during 90 785,746 preparation, it has been proposed to
make the cell trough by screwing together individual parts, for

12. example, by screwing onto a sheet metal plate which serves as the
bottom of the trough of the cell, while using rubber seals, a
U-section iron frame which forms the walls of the trough These rubber
seals, which are under the pressure of the mercury, can only with
difficulty be prevented from leaking at the varying temperatures at
which the electrolyzer is operated.
In the accompanying drawings wherein similar reference numbers are
employed to designate similar parts in all of the Figures:
Fig l is a side elevational view, partly in cross-section, of an
electrolytic cell constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig 2
is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the same taken on the line 2-2
of Fig 1 with some parts omitted; and Flu 3 is a side view, partly in
cross-section, on the line 3-3 of Fig 2.
The bottom of the trough is constructed of a flat, flexible material,
for example such as can be pressed from sheet metal or made from
plastic Suitable materials for the construction of the trough include
sheet iron, sheet aluminium and plastics such as polyvinylchloride and
other polymers which are resistant to the attack of elevated
temperatures and chemicals under the operating conditions The
thickness of the material can vary from as little as a few
millimetres, where sheet iron is employed, to any desired thickness
depending upon the relative flexibility of the material employed.
The bottom of the trough is arranged on a plurality of supports spaced
intermediately of the ends of the trough The height of each support is
individually adjustable so as to remove unevenness in the bottom which
may occur, for example, during erection or in operation of the cell
The trough may therefore be formed from a unitary thin sheet of any
desired size, and it is no longer necessary to have to resort to a
welding method for the assembly of the trough from several individual
parts, so that internal straining of the sheet and the other
difficulties mentioned above cannot occur.
The variability in the height of the supports can easily be ensured by
subdividing cylindrical supports, providing the two parts with screw
threads and connecting them by a threaded sleeve, thereby providing a
turnbuckle supporting means Then by rotation of the threaded sleeve, a
lengthening or shortening of the support can readily be effected at
will and local unevenness, i e, depressions or protuberances in the
bottom of the trough which impair the uniform flow of the mercury
band, thereby removed.
These corrections can readily be carried out during operation of the
cell Instead of a turnbuckle, any other means can be used which makes
possible an adjustment of the height of the supports.
It is advantageous to mount all the supports on a common bearing
member, e g a rod which is arranged in about the sane 70 vertical

13. plane as the longitudinal axis of the trough and which is separated
from the base by insulators Also, a tube has been found to be suitable
as the bearing member with the lower ends of the supports secured to
75 the wall of the tube.
A tubular bearing member can serve at the same time with advantage as
the denuder, i e, the vessel for the regeneration of the mercury
leaving the cell In the electro 80 lysis of alkali metal chloride
solutions by the mercury-amalgam method, the tube would therefore be
constructed as the secondary cell for the decomposition of the mercury
amalgam 85 Referring now to the drawings a mercury cell for the
electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride solution is illustrated in
which a primary unit for the decomposition of the electrolyte includes
a trough 1 pressed from 90 a single sheet of iron to form a bottom 2
and sides 3 The trough bottom 2 imeasures about 150 centimetres in
width and 1500 centimetres in length, with a thickness of 0.4
centimetres The bottom of the trou-h 95 is inclined downwardly from
left to ri eht with a gradient of about 2 c A cover 4 is provided to
enclose the trough, a plurality of graphite electrodes 5 being
inserted through the cover to act as the anode in the electro 100
lytic solution contained in the trough The cathode for the cell is
mercury Hg which flo-w vs as a thin band on the trough bottom 2 in the
direction of the arrow, i e, from left to right in the primary unit
Current is car 105 ried from the flowing mercury cathode by the trough
itself when constructed of a conducting material such as sheet iron
and in the case of a nonconducting material such as plastic or the
like, by contact plates con 110 sisting of a conducting material which
are local constituents of the bottom.
The secondary unit or denuder is formed as a tube 6, its axis falling
in the same vertical plane as the axis of the primary unit or 113
trough The tube 6 is inclined from right to left so that the mercury
amalgam formed in the primary unit is caused to flow in the direction
of the arrow as shown Thus, mercury flows down the trough 1 into a
collect 120 ina member 7, then flows in the opposite direction through
the tube 6 where the amalgam is decomposed, and the regenerated
mercury is returned to the primary unit or trough by means of a pump 8
driven by a 125 motor 9 The tube 6 is supported by brackets 10 mounted
upon insulators 11 which separate the apparatus from the base pedestal
12 in order to prevent earthing of electrical current 130 785,746 In
order to correct unevenness in the trough bottom 2 caused by the
construction or erection of the trough or by higher operating
temperatures, a plurality of paired support assemblies 13 are shown in
Fig 1 to be spaced intermediately of the ends of the trough The
distance between each pair of support assemblies is governed to a
certain extent by the weight and flexibility of the material used in

14. constructing the trough In the continuous beam structure shown, a
distance of about 40 centimeters was provided between each pair of
supports to prevent excessive longitudinal deflection.
The pair of support assemblies 13 are connected at their top end to
the trough bottom 2 and converge downwardly to be mounted upon the
tube bearing member 6 Figs 2 and 3 more clearly illustrate the
construction of each pair of supports Thus, the trough bottom 2 is
attached to an upper threaded rod 14 by a free pin connection 15 in a
trough connecting plate 16 A lower threaded rod 17 is secured by a
free pin connection 18 in a tube connecting plate 19 on the wall of
the tube bearing member 6.
A threaded sleeve 20 is threadably connected to the upper and lower
rods 14 and 17 to provide a turnbuckle supporting means so that
rotation of the sleeve in one direction causes the supporting assembly
to elongate while rotation in the opposite direction causes the
supporting assembly to shorten.
The trough connecting plates 16 are securely attached to the trough
bottom by pins Welding of the trough connecting plates to sheet metal
is not advisable since the deformation caused by welding would be
difficult to correct The trough connecting plates 16 are spaced
inwardly from the edges of the trough and a distance provided between
each plate such that excessive horizontal deflection caused by the
weight and flexibility of the sheet material itself is prevented.
Prior to operation of the cell, local areas of unevenness in the
bottom of the trough can be readily observed and corrected by
adjusting the height of the individual supports During operation of
the cell, unevenness in the bottom of the trough can be detected by
means of openings in the cover 4 (not shown in the drawings) and of
periscope-like observing devices inserted in said openings, and
correspondingly corrected by adjusting the height of the supports By
55 maintaining the even distribution of mercury over the trough bottom
throughout the continuous operation of the cell, a more efficient
output is provided while eliminating costly shutdowns 60
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* GB785747 (A)

15. Description: GB785747 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in reinforced flexible hoses
Description of GB785747 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
6 ' t Inv'entor: STEPHEN GUARNASCHELLI 785,747 ( a N Date of
Application and filing Complete Specification: March 14, 1956.
No 8046/56.
X f> Y Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
index at acceptance:-Classes 83 ( 2), A( 52: 122 X); and 99 ( 2), PIA(
8: 9:10: 19 B: 20 A), P 1 B( 5 B:
7: 8).
International Classification:-B 23 p F 061.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Reinforced Flexible Hoses We, TITEFLEX INC, a
corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, of C 0 Frelinghuysen Avenue,
Newark 5, New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to
reinforced hose and to the hose reinforcing member The hose may be
flexible metal hose comprising a convoluted or a corrugated metal
tube, either seamless or made from a profiled strip of metal helically
wound into tubular form with the overlapping edges of the strip locked
together in a continuous seam, or it may be non-metallic hose having a
rubber or other suitable jacket, either with or without braids or
wrappings of wire or non-metallic material incorporated in the wall
thereof.
It is an object of the invention to provide improved reinforced hose
and hose reinforcing members It is a further object of the invention
to provide hose reinforcement which will restrain the hose against
longitudinal extension and against radial expansion It also is an
object of the invention to provide hose reinforcement which will
restrain the hose against twisting and which will substantially limit
flexure of the hose to a single plane It is another object of the
invention to provide hose reinforcement which is connected to the end

16. fittings of the hose and in which the reinforcement provides a
graduated resistance to flexure adjacent the end fittings It is still'
another object of the invention to provide a hose reinforcement which
is simple and economical to manufacture and apply to the hose.
Flexible metal hose customarily is reinforced by a braided wire casing
applied over the hose and secured at its ends to the end fittings of
the hose This wire casing may comprise a single braid layer, or
overlying braid layers.
A braid layer may consist of a braid of flat ribbon wires, or a braid
of round wires, lPrice 3 s 6 d l the latter usually being applied in a
basket weave A multiple layer casing may comprise different kinds of
braids, for example an inner braid of flat ribbon wires and an outer
basket weave braid of round, wires Longitudinal extension and radial
expansion of the hose are restrained by such a reinforcement
Application of these braided reinforcing casings to flexible metal
hose is a costly and time-consuming operation The braided casing has
relatively little effect to restrain the hose against twisting when
subjected to torsional forces, and when the hose is bent the stresses
tend to be concentrated in the braid adjacent the end fitting 'When a
fault occurs in the braided casing it usually is adjacent an end
fitting and if the braided casing fails at this point there no longer
is any restraint against longitudinal extension or radial expansion of
the hose.
Non-metallic hose also may be reinforced by an externally applied
braided casing, which may be made from metal wires or from
non-metallic material Sometimes an external braided casing is used in
addition to braids or wrappings of wire or non-metallic material,
incorporated in the wall of the hose, and other times it is used in
lieu of internal reinforcement The objections to the use of braided
reinforcement for non-metallic hose are similar to the objections to
the use of such reinforcement for flexible metal hose.
The hose reinforcement of the present invention may replace the
externally applied braided casing entirely, of if desired it may
replace only the outer braid in a hose which otherwise would have a
multiple layer braided casing When used with non-metallic hose which
otherwise would have reinforcement incorporated within the
non-metallic wall of the hose, the reinforcement of the present
invention may make unnecessary some or all reinforcement within the
wall.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention selected for purposes
of illustration is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein: And _
2 785,747 Figure 1 is an elevation of a flexible metal hose having a
reinforcing member secured thereon; Figure 2 is an elevation showing
the reinforced hose of Figure 1 rotated 900 about its longitudinal

17. axis and bent to U-shape; Figure 3 is a view of the bent hose of
Figure 2, looking toward the right as viewed in that figure; Figure 4
is a transverse sectional view through the reinforced hose of Figure
1, taken substantially on the line 4-4; Figure 5 is a view similar to
Figure 4, but showing a slightly modified reinforcement construction;
Figure 6 is the fragmentary view of a metal ribbon blank from which
the reinforcing member shown in Figures 1-4 is formed, showing one
manner of forming the reinforcement; Figures 7 and 8 are,
respectively, elevation and transverse sectional views showing a
modified form of hose reinforcing member which will be used in pairs
to reinforce hose; Figures 9 and 10 illustrate two different ways in
which a pair of the hose reinforcing members shown in Figures 7 and 8
can be applied to a hose; Figure 11 is a fragmentary elevation of a
hose and end fitting illustrating a further modification of the hose
reinforcing member; Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11, but
showing the reinforced hose rotated 900 about its longitudinal axis;
Figure 13 is a fragmentary view similar to Figure 12, but omitting the
end fitting, illustrating an alternative manner of assembling the hose
reinforcing members of Figures 11 and 12 on the hose; Figure 14 is a
transverse sectional view through the reinforced hose of Figure 11
taken substantially on the line 14-14; and Figure 15 is a transverse
sectional view through the reinforced hose of Figure 13, taken
substantially on the line 15-15.
The illustrative embodiment disclosed in Figures 1-4 will be described
first Attached to the flexible metal hose 21 with fluid tight joints
are the end fittings 22, 23 These end fittings may be screw-threaded
for convenience in making connections to the equipment with which the
hose is to be used In this embodiment the reinforcing member comprises
a ribbon 24 (Figure 6) of metal of width greater than the diameter of
the hose and having a plurality of parallel slits 25 extending
transversely of the ribbon, these slits terminating at uniform
distances from the side edges thereof.
This slitting provides the ribbon with a plurality of crossbands 26
interconnecting the strips 27, the latter being the uncut edge
portions of the ribbon Alternate crossbands are pressed outwardly from
the plane of the ribbon in one direction to approximately a half-round
contour and intervening crossbands are similarly pressed in the
opposite direction, the crossbands thus providing a channel through
which the hose extends The hose is pushed or pulled into this channel
before the end fittings are attached Preferably the channel is made
larger than the hose only by an amount 70 necessary to permit ready
insertion of the hose into the channel.
The strips 27 of the ribbon are secured at their ends to the end
fittings 22, 23 on the hose For example, the end faces of the fittings

18. 75 may be slotted diametrically as indicated at 28 to receive the ends
of the strips 27, which may be secured therein, for example, by pins
29, or by soldering, or both The hose 21 is held in definite relation
to the strips by the 80 crossbands 26, and since the ends of the
strips are secured to the end fittings 22, 23 the hose is restrained
against longitudinal extension Also, the crossbands reinforce and
restrain the hose against radial expansion 85 The plane of the strips
27, i e the longitudinal plane through the major transverse axis, is
the same as the original plane of the ribbon 24 and this plane passes
through the longitudinal axis of the hose The ribbon is rela 90 tively
inflexible in the longitudinal plane through the major transverse axis
and thus the reinforced hose as viewed in Figure 1 is restrained
against flexure to right or to left.
However, the hose may be flexed readily in 95 the longidutinal plane
through the minor transverse axis of the strip, as shown in Figure 2.
The fact that flexure of the hose is substantially restrained to a
single plane assists in keeping the longitudinal axes of the end
fittings 100 in a common plane when the hose is bent, as it usually
will be for installation In this way the danger of establishing
concentrated stress zones in the hose adjacent the end fittings at the
timne of installation is reduced 105 The reinforcing member 24 resists
twisting about its longitudinal axis and the fact that the ends of the
reinforcing member are firmly secured in the end fittings on the hose
reduces the possibility of setting up torsional stresses 110 in the
hose adjacent the end fittings during installation of the hose
Desirably at least a portion of the crossband at the end of the
reinforcing member will be received into and secured in the end
fitting 'with the hose for 115 reinforcing and stiffening the hose
where it emerges from the fitting When the hose is a metal hose, as
illustrated in the embodiment of Figures 1-4, the end crossband 26 as
well as the ends of the strips 27 desirably will be 120 soldered to
the end fitting.
The material and the dimensions of the reinforcing member may vary
considerably.
Preferably the reinforcing member is made from metal which has a
suitable high tensile 125 strength, for example bronze or steel When
used on metal hose it may be made from the same material as the hose
The thickness and width of the strips will be such as to provide the
desired tensile strength, resistance to 130 785,747 which the hose
reinforcing member of Figures 1-4 is formed and illustrates one method
of forming the reinforcing member from the ribbon A flat ribbon 24 of
metal is slitted transversely between edge portions to form 70
crossbands 26 interconnecting the uncut edge portions or strips 27 In
forming the slits 25, narrow pieces of metal may be punched out as

19. shown in Figure 6, although that is not essential Then alternate
crossbands are pressed 75 outwardly in one direction from the plane of
the ribbon while the intervening crossbands are simultaneously,
pressed outwardly in the opposite direction As the crossbands are
pressed outwardly in this manner the edge 80 portions 27 of the ribbon
are drawn more closely toward each other Dies maybe made to thus form
the reinforcing member from the ribbon in a single operation, in which
case the slits may be simply shear cuts without 85 having any metal
punched out In Figure 6 a long tapered punch member 34 is shown being
inserted into one end of the slitted ribbon, under one crossband, over
the next, under the next, and so on As the punch is 90 pressed forward
it forces the crossbands outwardly and forms the channel which is to
receive the hose.
Figures 17-10 disclose another way in which a hose reinforcing member
generally similar to 95 that shown in Figures 1-4 may be formed and
applied to a hose In -this embodiment the reinforcing member comprises
two similar pieces of metal which are formed, as by punching and
pressing, to the shape shown in Figures 100 7 and 8, Each of these
formed pieces or members comprises two longitudinally extending edge
portions 39 which are connected by crossbands 40 uniformly spaced
along the edge portions This member differs from the mem 105 ber shown
in Figure 6 in that the spacing 'between crossbands is very slightly
greater than the width of the crossbands, and all of the crossbands
are pressed outwardly in the same direction from the plane of the
blank 110 Two of these members can be assembled on a hose 41 with
their concave faces toward each other in the manner illustrated in
Figure 9 The parallel edge portions 39 of the members then will be
secured together, as by rivets 115 42, to constitute reinforcing
strips Alternatively, two of these members can be assembled with their
convex faces toward each other, the crossbands 40 of one member
entering and passing through the slits of the other member, 120 as
illustrated in Figure 10 The parallel uncut edge portions of the two
members may then be united, as by rivets 43, to constitute reinforcing
strips It will be evident that when the two members are assembled in
the manner 125 shown in Figure 9 they can be assembled directly on the
hose 41 and with close engagement of the crossbands against the hose
surface The two members can be adjusted relative to each other along
the hose prior to 130 twisting about the longitudinal axis, and
resistance to flexure in the plane of the strip.
Additional restraint against torsion and flexure can be obtained by
folding the strips 27 longitudinally on themselves, for example as
shown at 30 in Figure 5.
It is known that the stresses set up in a hose upon bending tend to be
concentrated in zones adjacent the end fittings and that this is where

20. the hose reinforcement and the hose itself are most likely to fail
This is particularly true in short lengths of hose employed for
interconnecting relatively movable members The hose reinforcement of
the present invention lends itself to having combined therewith means
for gradually increasing the resistance of the hose to flexure as the
distance to the end of the hose decreases Ordinarily it will be
sufficient if this graduated flexibility of the hose extends for a
short distance only from the end fittings, a distance equal to several
times the diameter of the hose In order to obtain this graduated
flexibility for the hose, the end portions of the reinforcing strips
27 are stiffened with additional members lying along the strips and
having graduated flexibility along the length thereof.
In the illustrative embodiment of Figures 1-4, the end portions of the
strips 27 are stiffened with additional leaves or strips of metal 31,
32, 33 ' of graduated lengths These leaves are laid, alongside the
strip 27 and their ends adjacent the end fitting are rigidly secured
to the end fitting, preferably in the same manner as the reinforcing
strip The outer graduated ends of these leaves may be secured to the
strip 27, for example by rivets as shown.
The width of these leaves conveniently will be about the same as the
width of the strip, and their thickness, exaggerated in the drawings
for purposes of illustration, their number, and their lengths may be
varied depending on the material from which they are made, the
stiffness of the hose, the extent to which the hose must be bent, and
other factors All of the leaves may lie on one side of the strip, or
some on one side and some on the other, the effect of the leaves 31,
32, 33 ' is to gradually increase the resistance of the hose to
flexure as the distance to the end fitting decreases, so as to produce
a more uniform distribution of flexure along the length of the hose
and avoid the concentration of bending stresses adjacent the end
fitting It will be understood that the hose reinforcement of the
present invention may be used without the additional stiffening
members.
While Figures 1-5 show the hose reinforcing member applied to a
flexible metal hose, it will be understood that this same reinforcing
member also may be used with nonmetallic hose If desired, this
reinforcing member may be applied to a hose having a braided casing.
Figure '6 shows a ribbon or blank from 785,747 being united, so that
the crossbands of one member are disposed directly opposite the
crossbands of the other member, or so that the crossbands of one
member are opposite the openings between the crossbands of the other
member When the members are assembled as shown in Figure 10 the hose
44 must be inserted after the two members have been assembled, in the
same manner as described for the embodiment of Figures 1-4.

21. Obviously in this embodiment the crossband's of one member necessarily
are opposite the openings between the crossbands of the other member
In the embodiments of Figures 9 and 10 the longitudinal plane through
the major transverse axis of the reinforcing strips formed by the edge
portions 39 of the members will pass through the longitudinal axis of
the hose.
Figures 1 I-15 illustrate a further modification of the hose
reinforcing members of this invention In this embodiment two similar
metal strips 45 extend along opposite sides of the hose 46 and are
connected at their ends to the end fittings on the hose, one of which
is shown at 47 The ends of the strips are shown held between the
spaced parallel ears 50 extending laterally from the end fitting, but
this is merely by way of example.
These strips 45, substantially coextensive with the hose as in the
other embodiments, are disposed so that they lie in a common plane
which passes through the longitudinal axis of hose The hose is held
relative to the strips by a plurality of clips 48, each of which
engages the hose for approximately one half of its circumference and
is connected at its ends, as by rivets 49, to the two strips These
clips 48 are spaced along the hose and may be arranged with a clip
first on one side, then on the other side, and so on, as illustrated
in Figures 11, 12 and 14 Alternatively the clips 48 may be disposed in
pairs opposite each other, the pairs being separated longitudinally
along the hose by intervening spaces as illustrated in Figures 13 and
15 Figures 1 I-15 show the hose reinforcement supplemented with
graduated stiffening leaves 31, 32, 33 adjacent the end fitting, but
it will be understood that these leaves may be omitted.
Figures 9-15 show the reinforcing members applied to rubber hose, but
it will be understood that these embodiments may be used also with
other types of hose, including flexible metal hose.
The hose reinforcing members of the illustrative embodiments comprise
two strips connected by crossbands which engage the hose and restrain
the hose against separation from the strip The crossbands may be
integrally connected to the strips as in Figures 1-10, or they may be
attached to the strips, for example by rivets as in Figures 11-15, and
in both cases the crossbands are " connected " to the strips within
the meaning of the language of this application.
Reinforced hose and hose reinforcement in accordance with the
invention have important advantages over the prior art The hose is
reinforced against longitudinal extension and radial expansion, and
also is protected against 70 abrasion Flexure of the hose is
substantially limited to a plane If desired, the end portions of the
reinforcement may be made with graduated flexibility.
It will be understood that the invention here 75 in disclosed may be

22. variously modified and embodied within the scope of the subjoined
claims.
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* GB785748 (A)
Description: GB785748 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to shaft seals
Description of GB785748 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7859748 hev Ci Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
March 15, 1956.
No 8108/56.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 122 ( 5), B 13 (A 6: Bl A: Bl K: B 2 B: C
12).
International Classification:-F 065.
i COMPL Er E SPECIFIG Ar TON Improvements in or relating to Shaft
Seals I, Ric HAR Di THOMAS (Co RNEL Ius, a citizen of the United
States of America, of 3537 Zenith Avenue, i South Minneapolis 16,
Minnesota, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention,
for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
The herein disclosed invention relates to shaft seals.
The present invention provides a shaft seal, including a housing
having a bore therethrough, a radial surface extending outwardly 1 S
from 'the bore and;a cylindrical surface extending;axially from the
radial surface at its outer periphery, an annular retainer received in

23. the housing and disposed adjacent the cylindrical surface, the
retainer having spaced cylindrical skirts with radial surfaces at
their ends and forming an annular 'channel within the retainer, ian'
annular resilient sealing ring, sheet-like in form and engaging at its
inner and outer marginal portions the radial surface of the housing,
the sealing ring being confined between the radial surface of the
housing and the radial end surfaces of the skirts of the retainer and
having an annular corrugation extending into the channel.
The present invention further provides a shaft seal, including a
housing having a bore therethrough, a radial surface extending
outwardly from the bore and a cylindrical surface extending axially
from the radial surface at its outer periphery, an annular resilient
sheetlike sealing ring having inner and outer radial portions with an
annular corrugation 'therebetween, the radial portions engaging the
radial surface of the housing, the corrugation forming an annular
space between, the sealing ring and radial, surface of the housing,
the sealing ring having a passageway therethrough bringing the space
formed by the corrugation into communication with the interior of the
housing.
An 'object of the invention is to provide a seal which may incorporate
a housing formed as an integral part of a bearing or which mnay be
built into a separate housing and as a unit installed in a recess in a
structure through 50 which the shaft extends.
Another object of the invention resides in providing a shaft seal
which engages the shaft over an extremely small area.
Another object of the invention resides in 55 providing a shaft seal
in which a minimum amount of heat is generated.
An object of the invention resides in prorviding a shaft seal which
will stand high pressures and high speed 60 A still further object of
the invention resides in providing a seal utilizing a sealing ring,
sheet-like in form and of extremely thin thickness.
Another object of the invention resides in 65 providing clamping means
for holding the outer marginal portion of the sealing ring from
movement.
I An object of the invention resides in providing a housing having a
bore therein and 70 through which the shaft extends and in further
forming the housing with an annular radial surface extending outwardly
from the bore and with a cylindrical surface concentric with the bore
and extending axially from the outer 75 periphery of the radial
surface to form an annular recess in the housing.
A still further object of the invention resides in mounting in said
recess an, annular retainer received between the shaft and cylin 80
drical surface of the housing and having spaced cylindrical skirts
forming an annular channel therebetween and with radial surfaces at

24. the ends of said skirts spaced from said radial surface of the housing
to receive the sealing 85 member,therebetween.
An object of the invention resides in constructing the inner skirt so
as to form with the radial surface of the housing a guide for guiding
the inner marginal portion of the seal 90 ing ring for radial movement
and the outer skirt longer than the inner skirt so as to form with
'the housing a clamp securing the outer marginal portion of the
sealing ring from movement 95 A stil further object of the invention
resides in providing the sealing ring with an annular corrugation
extending into said annular channel and in disposing in said channel
an annular spring, bearing on said corrugation and adapted to urge the
inner marginal portion of the sealing ring against the shaft.
Another object of the invention resides in providing passageways
through the retainer and sealing ring to equalize the pressure on both
sides of the sealing ring.
Other objects of the invention reside in the novel combination and
arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter
illustrated and/or described.
In the accompanying drawings:Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view
of a shaft and an enclosing structure therefor illustrating an
embodiment of the invention applied thereto.
Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the parts after the
sealing ring has appreciably worn.
Figure 3 is an, enlarged detail cross-sectional view of the seal
showing the parts arranged as in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an exploded view of the parts of the invention.
Ordinary shaft seals usually have an extended surface of flexible
material engraging the shaft Where the pressures are great and the
speed high, the friction between such surfaces and the shaft becomes
excessive and an undue amount of heat is generated This frequently
causes the seals to fail in a relatively short time The instant
invention overcomes this disadvantage by providing a construction in
which the contact of the sealing ring with the shaft is extremely
small so that the heat generated is negligible and so that the life of
the seal is greatly extended.
For the purpose of illustrating the invettion, a shaft 10 has been
shown together wvith a 1 portion 12 of a case 1-1 This portion is in
She form of a circular sleeve encircling the shaft and being disposed
in -proximity to a bearing, not illustrated This sleeve is constructed
with an annular rabbet 113 concentric with the axis of the shaft and
having a groove 14 near its outermost end The interior of the case is
designated by the reference numeral 15.
The invention proper consists of a housing 16 which is snugly received
in the rabbet 13 in case 11 This housing has a cylindrical portion 1,7

25. which fits in said rabbet and which is constructed with an inner
cylindrical surface 18 The said case is further constructed with a
radial portion 19 which is formed with a bore 21 snugly receiving the
shaft 10 The said radial portion is further formed with a radial inner
surface 22 which extends from the bore 21 up to the surface 18 of the
portion 17 of housing 16, The housing 16 is held in position in the
rabbet 13 'by means of a split ring 23 which is received in the groove
14 An 0ring 24 mounted in a groove 30 ' in the portion 17 of the
housing engages the portion 12 of the case 11 at the surface of the
rabbet 13 and prevents leakage past the seal.
Mounted in the housing 16 is a retainer 25 which is constructed with
two skirts 26 and 70 27 concentric relative to one another and to the
axis of shaft 10 These skirts are cylindrical in form and spaced from
one another to provide a channel 28 therebetween The said retainer
further has a connecting portion 29 which 75 extends between the two
skirts 26 and 27 The retainer 25 is also formed with a bore 31 which
receives the shaft 10 The skirt 2,7 fits snugly against the surface 18
of housing 16 and the retainer is guided for sliding move 80 ment in
axial direction thereby The skirt 26 has a radial surface 32 at the
end of the same and the skirt 2,7 has a similar radial surface 33 at
its end The surface 33, projects slightly beyond the surface 32 for a
purpose which 85 will be presently described The surface 32 is spaced
from the surface 22 'to form a guidewvay 34 therebetween The retainer
25 is held in position in the housing 16 by means of a split ring 35
which is received in a groove 90 36 formed in the cylindrical portion
1 7 of the housing and which extends through the surface 18 of the
same This ring is formed at its ends with eyes 37, one of which is
shown in Figure 4 These eyes serve to permit of 95 removal of the ring
from the groove 36 when it becomes necessary to disengage the parts
from one another.
Disposed in the space between the surfaces 32 and 33 of the skirts 26
and 27 of the 100 retainer 25 and the surface 22 of the portion 19 of
housing 16 is a flexible sheet-like sealing ring 38 This ring m ay be
constructed of rubber or any other similar suitable flexible material
The ring is formed with inner and 105 outer radial portions 41 and 42
and with an annular corrugation 43 therebetween The radial portion 41
fits in the guideway 34 and is guided for radial movement in said
guideway by means of the surface 22 of the housing 110 and the surface
32 of the retainer The inner radial portion 42 is clamped in position
between the surface 22 of the housing and the surface 33 of the skirt
27 The corrugation 43 of sealing ring 3:8 extends into the channel 28
115 as best shown in Figure 3 The inner edge 44 of the radial portion
41 of said ring is formed pointed, as illustrated, so that the same
engages the shaft throughout an extremely small area By guiding the

26. ring 38 a;t the locality 120 of the shaft, an extremely thin, ring can
be employed and still prevent leakage past the seal It has been found
that a ring constructed of material between 025 inches and 035 inches
thick, operates satisfactorily with a shaft 125 one and one-quarter
inches in diameter Such an installation has been run at a speed of
5000 rpm (revolutions per minute) with an internal pressure of one
hundred pounds per square inch for an extended period of time 130
785,748, annular channel within said retainer, an annular resilient
sealing ring, sheet-like in form and engaging at its inner and 'outer
marginal portions the radial surface of the housing, said 65 sealing
ring being confined between the radial surface of ithe housing and the
radial, end surfaces of the skirts of said retainer and havang an
annular corrugation extending into said channel 70 2 The seal of
claim'1, having resilient means within said channel engaging said
sealing ring at said corrugation and urging the same toward the radial
surface of the housing to urge the inner edge of said seal radially
inwardly 75 3 The seal of claim 1, wherein the outer skirt of said
retainer forms a clamp engaging the outer marginal portion of the
sealing ring and urges the same against the radial surface of the
housing to prevent movement there 80 between.
4 The seal of claim 1, wherein the end surface of the inner skirt of
said retainer in conjunction with the radial surface of the housing
guides the inner marginal portion of 85 the sealing ring for radial
movement.
The seal of claim 3, wherein the inner skirt of the retainer and the
portion of the housing having the radial surface lie close to the
shaft to restrain axial movement of the 90 sealing ring along the
shaft.
6 The seal of 'claim l, wherein said corrugation forms an annular
space between the sealing ring and the radial surface of said housing,
said retainer has a passageway there 95 through bringing said channel
into communication with the interior of 'the housing, and said sealing
ring has a passageway theresthrough bringing said channel into
communication with the space formed by said corrugation 100 7 A shaft
seal, including a housing having ' bore therethrough, a radial surface
extending outwardly from said bore 'and a 'cylindrical surface
extending axially from said radial surface at its outer periphery, an
an 105 nular resilient sheet-like sealing ring having inner and outer
radial portions with an annular corrugation therebetween, said radial
portions engaging the radial surface of said housing, said corrugation
forming an annular space be 110 tween said sealing ring and radial
surface of the housing, said sealing ring having a passageway
therethrough bringing said space formed by the corrugation into
communication with the interior of The housing 115 8 A shaft sealt

27. constructed substantially as herein described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
S Th EVENS, LANGNER, 'PARRY 1 & ROLLINS ON, Chartered Patent Agents,
Agents for the Applicant.
and without appreciable leakage.
Pressure is applied to the corrugation 43 of sealing ring 38 by means
of an equa 4 izer ring which is disposed within the channel 2,8 and
which overlies and directly engages said corrugation Between this ring
and the connecting portion 29 of the retainer 25 is an annular
undulated spring 46 which exerts pressure on the ring 45 and
correspondingly urges the corrugation 43 toward the surface 22 of
housing 116 This forces the inner edge 44 of the sealing ring 318
against the shaft 10 and prevents leakage therebetween.
The space between the corrugation 43 of the sealing ring 3 H 8 and the
surface 22 of housing 1 '6 is designated in 'Figure 3 by the reference
numeral 47 This space communicates with the interior 15 of the case 11
in the following manner: A passageway 48 in the connecting portion 29
of retainer 25, brings the interior 15 of the case 11 into
communication with the channel 281 in said retainer, the ring 45 ' and
the spring 46 being sufficiently spaced from the skirts 2,6 and 27 to
provide passage therebetween The channel 28 is brought into
communication with the space 47 by means of 'a passageway 49 in the
sealing ring 38 By means of this construction, the pressure on both
sides of the sealing ring is equalized and undue strain on the sealing
ring which might be produced by the pressure in the case is
eliminated.
The advantages of the invention are manifest The corrugation 43, of
the sealing ring is normally relatively large ias shown in Figure 1 As
the ring wears, the spring 46 forces the corrugation 43 downwardly, as
shown in Figure 2, still maintaining the edge 44 of the sealing ring
in contact with the shaft Thus the life of the seal is greatly
lengthened The outer end of 'the ring being securely clamped by the
skirt 27, is held from movement At the same time the surfaces 32 ' and
22 form a guideway for guiding the inner portion of the spring toward
the shaft By means of this guideway, the thickness of the ring can be
made extremely small and at the same time afford a suitable seal
capable of withstanding high pressure and, high speed The device can
be constructed at a nominal expense and can be readily replaced when
required.
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28. * Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p