final on adolescent problem by aliyu muhammad maigoro

1. DPH121 HEALTH PROBLEMS OF
ADOLESCENTS, ADULTS & THE
HANDICAPPED
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MODULE LEADER:
DR ALIYU MUHAMMAD MAIGORO
MBBS(BUK), MPH(Malaya), MBA(BUK), FWACP
CONSULTANT PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIAN
FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE AZARE
BAUCHI STATE
REDESIGNED BY
MUHAMMAD KABIR DANJUMA

2. Course Outline
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• INTRODUCTION
• HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS
• HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ADULTS &
ELDERLY
• HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE
HANDICAPPED

3. HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ADULTS &
ELDERLY
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OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 CLASSIFICATION OF ADULT
 MEDICOSOCIAL PROBLEMS
 HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ELDERLY
 AGEING & HEALTH
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION
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Adult health has to do with the health and health
related conditions concerning the various adult
age groups which usually result from the
alteration or imbalance between man and his
biological, physical and social environment.
--WHO- Study On Global Ageing and adult
Health

5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
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WHO IS AN ADULT?
BIOLOGICALLY- is a person who has attained sexual
maturity or reproductive ability
SOCIALLY-is a person who is recognized by their
culture as being adult
LEGALLY- is a person who has attained the age of
majority and therefore regarded as independent, self-
sufficient and responsible(18years)
HEALTH
Is the attainment and maintenance of highest level of
physical, social and mental wellbeing of individual, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ADULT
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 YOUNG ADULT- 18-39
 MIDDLE AGE - 40-64
 ELDERLY - >65 (Some countries above
60yrs)

7. MEDICOSOCIAL PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH YOUNG
ADULTS
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These are usually due to the following factors;
Negative peer pressure
Poverty
Lack of awareness
Broken homes
Drop outs from school
Violence

8. CONT…………….
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 Sexually transmitted diseases e.g. HIV,
Syphilis, gonorrhea, human papilloma virus
infection etc.
 Early pregnancies and childbirth e.g unsafe
abortion, genital tract fistula, maternal death
 Trauma e.g. road traffic accident, violence
 Smoking
 Alcohol ingestion

9. HEALTH PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH MIDDLE
AGED
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CADIOVASCULAR: hypertension, stroke
ENDOCRINE: type 2 diabetes
RESPIRATORY: chronic bronchitis, emphysema
GENITOURINARY: benign prostate hyperplasia
MUSCULOSKELETAL: osteoarthritis
ONCOLOGIC: breast, colon cancer

10. AGEING
&HEALTH
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11. INTRODUCTION
 The world is in the brink of demographic
milestone. Since the beginning of recorded
history, young children have outnumbered their
elders.
 Driven by falling fertility rate and remarkable rise
in life expectancy, population ageing will continue
or even accelerate.
 Globally, the no of people aged 65yrs and older
is projected to grow from an estimated 524
million in 2010 to nearly 1.5 billion by 2050.
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12. INTRODUCTION
 In Nigeria, the life expectancy at birth
stands at 52.1 yrs(UNICEF 2012), has a
population growth rate of 3.2%, with 5% of
the total population aged 60 and above.
 It is estimated that by the year 2025 the
population of Nigerians aged 60 and
above will rise to constitute 6% of the
entire population

13. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 AGEING: can be defined as the biological
process of growing older in a deleterious
sense.
 AGED: a person with age 65years and above.
(W.H.O)
 CHRONOLOGICAL AGE: age measured by
the time(years and months) that someone has
existed.
 BIOLOGICAL AGE: status of vital organs of
the body as an individual avances in age.
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14. DEFINITION OF TERMS
 GERIATRICS: The branch of medicine that
deals with the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases and problems specific to the aged
 GERONTOLOGY: is the study of physical
and psychological changes which are
incident to old age.
 DEMENTIA: is a group of symptoms, such as
confusion, disorientation, memory loss, and
behavior changes that characterize certain
diseases and conditions.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF THE
AGED
 SOCIAL-AGED: Determined by policy of the
country. E.g in Nigeria age of retirement is at 60
 HEALTHY-AGED: They are mentally,
psychologically, physically, socially and
economically stable.
 UNHEALTHY- AGED:
 Acutely sick
 Chronically sick
 Psychiatric aged
 Destitute aged
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17. HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS OF THE
ELDERLY
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1. AGEING PROCESS
 Age related eye diseases e.g glaucoma,
cataract, age-related muscular degeneration,
diabetic retinopathy
 Osteoporosis
 Emphysema
 Failure of special senses
 Changes in mental outlook

18. CONT………..
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2. ASSOCIATED WITH LONGTERM ILLNESSES
Cardiovascular- Hypertension, stroke, Ischaemic
heart disease, CCF,
Genitourinary System- BPH, frequency, urgency,
incontinence
Musculoskeletal- pathological fractures especially
fracture of the head of femur, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis.
Respiratory- Pneumonia, chronic bronchitis,
emphysema.
Metabolic Disorders- DM, osteoporosis, ostemalacia
Genitourinary system- impotence, incontinence
Tumors- BPH, breast, cervical, ovarian, bladder, and
prostate cancers

19. CONT………
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3.PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Mental changes- impaired memory
Sexual adjustments- menopause, diminution of sexual
activities in men, irritability, jealousy
Emotional disorders- social maladjustment, inner
withdrawal, depression, weakness.
Social:
• Poverty
• Loneliness
• Depression
• Weariness

20. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE AGED IN
NIGERIA
 Most elderly persons cannot afford and access quality
medical care
 The extended family setting served more or less as a form
of social insurance for old age. But in recent times, that
has given way for nuclear family structure, leaving in
elderly virtually uncared for
 Diminishing economic power has hindered the willing
family members capability to give
 In Nigeria today, social security policies for aged are yet to
be formulated
 Cases of abuse of the elderly occur everyday in Nigeria.
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21. SOLUTIONS
 Extended family system needs to be revived
 Regular visits by family members
 Interaction with visitors
 Community neighborhood care
 Social amenities
 Pension scheme
 Free health services
 Free/subsidized transport services
 Social insurance
 Establishment of nursing homes
 Counselling
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22. RECOMMENDATIONS
 At the community level, senior citizens should be
involved in intergenerational extracurricular activities
with the youth.
 It would also be worth challenging the community
leaders to begin to address the issues and other forms
of destitution and abuse in their communities and not
wait for the government to shoulder the burden alone.
 A course on ageing should be part of the general
studies(compulsory) courses in the universities as this
will make students to better appreciate and respect
the aged.
 Universities should encourage research in the study of
the aged.
 Lastly, everyone who has attained the age of 60yrs
should be entitled to some allowances, free medical
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23. RECOMMENDATIONS.. Healthy
Living
The following are the tips for healthy living:
 Diet and nutrition
 Exercise
 Weight reduction
 Avoidance of cigarate smoking
 Avoidance of alchohol ingestion
 Social activities

24. CONCLUSION
 The dramatic increase in the average life
expectancy worldwide, particularly in developed
countries, has led to a shift in the leading causes
of death and illness from infectious and parasitic
diseases to noncommunicable diseases and
chronic conditions. Early detection and effective
management of risk factors associated with
those diseases will be the less expensive and
effective ways of controlling the morbidity and
mortality of the diseases in the aged population
as well as reduce health care cost .
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25. THANK YOU