wound dressing

1. Sherzad Kh. Suleman
MSc of Child Health
Nursing
PhD

2. Blood pressure (BP) is a measure of the force that the circulating blood exerts
against the arterial wall.

3.  Measured in millimeters of mercury
 A blood pressure machine is called a sphygmomanometer
 BP is read at two points:
o Systolic
o Diastolic
Electronic
sphygmomanometer

4. Blood
pressure
 Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure exerted by the
blood against the arterial walls.
 120 mm or mercury
 Normal range is 120- 140 mm or mercury
 It results when the ventricles contract ( systole )
 Systolic is the FIRST sound heard

5.  The constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the LEFT
VENTRICLE is at rest (between contractions)
 Normal diastolic reading is below 80mm or mercury
 Normal range is 60-90 mm of mercury
 It is noted as the reading on the BP gauge when the sound STOPS or becomes
very FAINT

6.  The difference between the SYSTOLIC and the DIASTOLIC pressure
 Important indicator of the health & tone of the arterial walls
 Normal pulse pressure is: 30-50 mm of mercury
 Example: what is the pulse pressure of
110/80
 The pulse pressure of 110/80 is:
 30 mm of mercury

7. Important of checking Blood Pressure ?
1. Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement is the first step in treating
hypertension or high blood pressure.
2. Primary factor in 68% of heart attacks and 75% of strokes.
3. Hypertension is one of the major modifiable risk factors for many
cardiovascular diseases

8. Blood Pressure Systolic
(top)
Diastolic
(bottom)
Normal ≤ 120 <80
Pre Hypertension 120-139 80-89
Hypertension Stage (1) 140-159 90-99
Hypertension Stage (2) ≥160 ≥100

9. Essential (primary) hypertension: high blood pressure with no identifiable cause
Secondary hypertension: high blood pressure with a known cause
 Pre Hypertension
 Warning that high blood pressure is likely to develop
 Indicated by pressure readings of:
 Systolic –120-139 mm of mercury
 Diastolic – 80-89 mm or mercury

10.  Indicated when pressures are greater than 140 mm of mercury
COMMOM CAUSES:
 Stress
 Anxiety
 High salt intake
 Advanced age
 Thyroid disease
 Vascular disease such as arteriosclerosis
Hypertension

11.  Indicated when BP is less than
 90 mm of mercury
COMMOM CAUSES
 Occurs with heart failure
 Dehydration
 Depression
 Severe burns
 Hemorrhage
 Shock
Hypotension

13.  American Heart Association recommends:
 Patient should be quite for at least 5 minutes
 Take 2 separate readings
 Wait at least 30-60 seconds between readings
 Correct size and placement of the cuff
 Patient should be sitting or lying down
 Arm should be freely extended and free of constricting clothes
 BP cuff must be deflated and free of any air
 BP cuff should be placed over directly over the brachial artery
 Edge of cuff should sit 1” above the antecubital space

14. • Measure on upper arm
• Have correct size cuff
• Identify brachial artery for correct
placement of stethoscope
• First sound heard – systolic
pressure
• Last sound heard or change -
diastolic pressure

15. • Record - systolic/diastolic
• Resident in relaxed position,
sitting or lying down
• Blood pressure usually taken in
left arm
• Do not measure blood pressure
in arm with IV, A-V shunt
(dialysis), cast, wound, or sore

16. • Apply cuff to bare upper
arm, not over clothing
• Room quiet so blood
pressure can be heard
• Sphygmomanometer must
be clearly visible