Drilling equipment plays a crucial role in mining and construction. There are several types of drills used for different applications, including diamond drills for hard rock, blast hole drills for controlled fragmentation, and tunneling drills for excavating tunnels. Drills use various bits suited to the material, such as diamond bits for rock. Downhole tools like stabilizers and drill collars aid the drilling process. The class covered the introduction and uses of common drilling equipment and how they facilitate resource extraction and construction projects. Students were assigned work on drilling techniques and safety in mining.

1. LESSON PLAN
Week:
Taught By: -------------
Date: _______
Subject: Introduction to Mining Methods/ Techniques Course
Time: 120 min
Topic: Drilling Equipment’s
Objective(s):Student will know about
Introduction and use of drilling Equipment
Diamond drills, blast hole drills, tunneling drills and hydraulic drills.
Skill Focused on: Introduction and uses of mining machinery
Resources: Marker, Board, Multimedia
Text book: Introduction to investigate Rocks parameters & Techniques developments
Methodology:
First I’ll give brief introduction about Drilling and blasting machinery used in times of mines sectors.
Introduction & use of mining machinery
Mining machinery plays a vital role in the extraction, transportation, and processing of minerals and ores.
These machines are specifically designed to handle the harsh conditions and heavy workloads
encountered in mining operations. Here is an introduction to mining machinery and its various uses:
Excavators: Excavators are large, heavy-duty machines used for digging and removing
overburden, ore, or other materials. They are equipped with a bucket and hydraulic arms,
allowing them to excavate and load materials onto trucks or conveyor systems. Excavators
are versatile machines used in various mining activities, including open-pit mining,
underground mining, and surface mining operations.
Haul Trucks: Haul trucks, also known as dump trucks, are designed to transport large
quantities of materials, such as ore, overburden, or waste rock, from the mining site to the
processing or storage areas. These trucks are available in various sizes and capacities,
ranging from smaller rigid frame trucks to massive off-highway trucks capable of carrying
hundreds of tons of material.
Loaders: Loaders are used to load materials onto trucks or into processing equipment. They
are commonly used in mining operations for handling loose materials, such as ore, coal, and
aggregate. Loaders can be wheel loaders or track loaders, depending on the terrain and
specific requirements of the mining site.
Drills: Drills are used in mining for various purposes, including exploration, blasting, and
rock fragmentation. They are available in different types, such as rotary drills, percussion
drills, and diamond core drills. Drills are essential for creating blast holes, extracting core
samples, and conducting geotechnical investigations.
Crushers and Screeners: Crushers and screeners are used in the processing and sizing of
mined materials. Crushers are machines that break down large rocks into smaller, more
manageable sizes for further processing or transportation. Screeners, on the other hand,
separate the material into different sizes or grades based on particle size.

2. Conveyor Systems: Conveyor systems are extensively used in mining operations to
transport materials over long distances or vertically. They are efficient and cost-effective
solutions for moving bulk materials, such as ore, coal, and aggregates. Conveyor belts, along
with various types of pulleys, idlers, and drive systems, form a critical part of the mining
machinery infrastructure.
Underground Mining Equipment: In underground mining operations, specialized
machinery is used to navigate and extract minerals from beneath the surface. This includes
equipment such as continuous miners, shuttle cars, roof bolters, and longwall systems. These
machines are specifically designed to operate in confined spaces and handle the unique
challenges of underground mining.
Processing Equipment: Mining machinery also includes equipment used for processing
minerals and ores. This includes crushers, grinding mills, flotation cells, magnetic separators,
and other equipment designed to extract valuable minerals and separate them from the ore
matrix.
Mining machinery plays a crucial role in increasing productivity, efficiency, and safety in mining
operations. These machines enable faster excavation, transportation, and processing of materials, leading
to higher production rates and reduced labor requirements. They are designed to withstand harsh
operating conditions, including extreme temperatures, dust, and vibrations.
It's important to note that the specific machinery used in mining operations can vary depending on the
type of mining, geological conditions, and the targeted minerals. Advances in technology and automation
continue to drive innovation in mining machinery, improving productivity, safety, and sustainability in
the mining industry.
Introduction and use of drilling Equipment
Drilling equipment is essential in various industries for creating holes in different materials such as rock,
soil, concrete, and metal. It is used in applications ranging from mineral exploration and mining to
construction, geotechnical engineering, and environmental investigations. Here is an introduction to
drilling equipment and its various uses:
Drill Rigs: Drill rigs are machines specifically designed for drilling holes. They come in
different sizes and configurations, depending on the type of drilling and the material being
drilled. Drill rigs can be categorized into various types, including:
a. Percussion Drilling Rigs: Percussion drilling rigs, also known as hammer drills, are
commonly used for drilling in softer materials such as soil and sediment. They use
repetitive impacts or blows to the drill bit to break the material.
b. Rotary Drilling Rigs: Rotary drilling rigs are versatile machines used for drilling in
various materials, including rock and soil. They utilize a rotating drill bit to create the
hole. The drill bit can be either fixed or detachable, depending on the specific
application.
c. Diamond Core Drilling Rigs: Diamond core drilling rigs are used for extracting core
samples from hard rock formations. They employ diamond-impregnated drill bits to cut
through the rock and retrieve cylindrical core samples for geological analysis.
d. Auger Drilling Rigs: Auger drilling rigs are commonly used for drilling in
unconsolidated materials such as soil, sand, and clay. They use a rotating helical screw-

3. shaped drill bit called an auger to remove the material from the hole.
Drill Bits: Drill bits are the cutting tools attached to the end of the drill string. They come in
various designs and materials to suit different drilling applications. Some common types of
drill bits include:
a. Tri-cone Bits: Tri-cone bits have three rotating cones with teeth or cutters that grind the
material as the bit rotates. They are commonly used in rotary drilling for various
applications, including oil and gas exploration and water well drilling.
b. Diamond Bits: Diamond bits are used in diamond core drilling rigs to cut through hard
rock formations. They have diamond-impregnated segments or a continuous diamond
matrix for efficient cutting and long-lasting performance.
c. PDC Bits: PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits are designed with a layer of
synthetic diamond particles bonded to a tungsten carbide substrate. They are commonly
used for drilling in softer formations, such as shale and sandstone.
d. Auger Bits: Auger bits, as mentioned earlier, have a helical screw shape and are used for
drilling in unconsolidated materials.
Downhole Tools: Downhole tools are equipment used in the borehole to perform specific
tasks during drilling operations. Some common downhole tools include:
a. Stabilizers: Stabilizers are used to keep the drill string stable and prevent it from
deviating during drilling. They help maintain the desired hole diameter and trajectory.
b. Drill Collars: Drill collars are thick-walled tubular sections added to the drill string to
provide weight and stability. They help maintain the drilling force and prevent buckling
of the drill string.
c. MWD/LWD Tools: Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and Logging While Drilling
(LWD) tools are used to collect real-time data about the drilling process, formation
properties, and wellbore conditions. They provide valuable information for decision-
making during drilling operations.
Accessories and Support Equipment: In addition to the main drilling equipment, various
accessories and support equipment are used to facilitate drilling operations. These may
include drill pipes, casing pipes, drilling fluids (mud), mud pumps, and blowout preventers
(BOPs) for safety during
Diamond drills, blast hole drills, tunneling drills and hydraulic drills.
Diamond drills
Diamond drills are specialized drilling tools that use diamond-impregnated drill bits to cut through hard
materials such as rock, concrete, ceramics, and glass. The use of diamond as the cutting material allows
for efficient and precise drilling in tough materials.
Blast Hole Drills
Blast hole drills are specialized drilling machines used in mining, quarrying, and construction industries
to create holes for blasting purposes. These drills are designed to efficiently and safely drill holes in rock
and other hard materials, allowing for controlled fragmentation of the material during blasting operations.

4. Tunneling Drills
Tunneling drills, also known as tunnel boring machines (TBMs), are specialized equipment used for
excavating tunnels in various construction and mining projects. These machines are designed to create
tunnels with efficiency and precision, minimizing the need for manual excavation.
Hydraulic Drills
Hydraulic drills are powerful drilling machines that utilize hydraulic power to drive the drilling
mechanism. They are commonly used in construction, mining, and geotechnical engineering for a variety
of drilling applications.
Activity – 1 Explain mines Extraction and drilling equipment’s
Activity – 2 write down types of Drillings system
Success Criteria:
 Assessment plan
A couple of question will be asked from students to clarify the understanding of the whole class, for
example
 What do you understand by Resources of minerals in Pakistan?
 Discussion on Different techniques of mines extracting by mines.
C.W: Write down the phases of Drilling techniques of mines extractions.
H.W: Write On importance of safety in mines during extraction?