5- How does the formation of an ionic bond differ from the formation o.docx

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5. How does the formation of an ionic bond differ from the formation of a covalent bond? A. An ionic bond is where one atom transfers at least one electron from another atom in an attempt to fill its electron shell. A covalent bond is when electron are shared between atoms and there is equality between atoms in relation to their electrons. B. Ionic bonds form by the transfer of electrons. Covalent bonds form by sharing electrons. In ionic bonding, electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. In the process of either losing or gaining negatively charged electrons, the reacting atoms form ions. Ions that have a positive charge are called cations and the ones that have a negative charge are called anions. On the other hand, covalent bonds can be formed by any equal or unequal sharing of electrons. The substances formed by ionic bonds are called compounds and those formed by covalent bonds are referred to as molecules: C. The formation of an ionic bond differs from the formation of a covalent bond by being so, a covalent bond forms when one electron in the outer electron orbit of each atom is shared between the two atoms. Covalent has only one electron to be shared and ionic has more than one electron to be transferred. .

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Many molecules contain bonds that fall between the extremes of ionic and covalent bonds. The difference between the electronegativities of the atoms in these molecules is large enough that the electrons aren\'t shared equally, and yet small enough that the electrons aren\'t drawn exclusively to one of the atoms to form positive and negative ions. The bonds in these molecules are said to be polar, because they have positive and negative ends, or poles, and the molecules are often said to have a dipole moment. for Eg : HCl molecules, for example, have a dipole moment because the hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge and the chlorine atom has a slight negative charge. Because of the force of attraction between oppositely charged particles, there is a small dipole-dipole force of attraction between adjacent HCl molecules. non-polar molecule has it\'s electron density shifted by a charged molecule, i.e., if a positively charged species is brought near a species with an evenly distributed charge, the electrons go towards the side where the positive species is, and away from the opposite side, creating an artificial dipole. Eg : a helium atom is perfectly symmetrical. But movement of the electrons around the nuclei of a pair of neighboring helium atoms can become synchronized so that each atom simultaneously obtains an induced dipole moment. Solution Many molecules contain bonds that fall between the extremes of ionic and covalent bonds. The difference between the electronegativities of the atoms in these molecules is large enough that the electrons aren\'t shared equally, and yet small enough that the electrons aren\'t drawn exclusively to one of the atoms to form positive and negative ions. The bonds in these molecules are said to be polar, because they have positive and negative ends, or poles, and the molecules are often said to have a dipole moment. for Eg : HCl molecules, for example, have a dipole moment because the hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge and the chlorine atom has a slight negative charge. Because of the force of attraction between oppositely charged particles, there is a small dipole-dipole force of attraction between adjacent HCl molecules. non-polar molecule has it\'s electron density shifted by a charged molecule, i.e., if a positively charged species is brought near a species with an evenly distributed charge, the electrons go towards the side where the positive species is, and away from the opposite side, creating an artificial dipole. Eg : a helium atom is perfectly symmetrical. But movement of the electrons around the nuclei of a pair of neighboring helium atoms can become synchronized so that each atom simultaneously obtains an induced dipole moment..

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