This document discusses several studies on factors that influence foreign language learning, including age, gender, motivation, academic background, and learning styles. It summarizes the following key points: - A 1986 study found that successful learning behaviors depend on the task and years of study influence strategy use. Certain strategies are used more at different levels of study. - Two studies from 1983 and 1989 found minor to modest differences in strategy use between male and female language learners, with females using more formal practice, general study, and conversational input elicitation strategies. - Motivation and attitudes are primary factors contributing to individual language learning according to a 1985 study. Motivation consists of goals, effort, wants, and attitudes toward learning

1. Prepared by :
Muhammad Izzat Azeem

3.  Age
 Gender
 Motivation
 Academic
background
 Learning styles

5. From my opinion, each person has their own level of
maturity. If you are 20 years of age doesn’t mean that your’e
smarter than a 19 year old.

Ramirez (1986) after identifying successful strategies
employed by 105 learners of French at three levels of study
(grade 8, grade 9-10 and grade 10-11) in two high schools
in New York concluded that successful learning behaviours
were dependent on the task, and that years of study
influenced LLS use. The study also showed that certain
strategies were employed more than others at different
levels of study.

7. Female tend to be more competitive and hardworking
compare to male students. True or False?


Politzer (1983) examined ninety undergraduate foreign
language learners, found a “relatively minor” difference
between male and female learners with females making a
greater use of social interaction strategies.
Oxford and Nyikos (1989) females reported more
frequent strategy use than males of formal practice
strategies, general study strategies and conversational
input elicitation strategies (e.g. asking to speak
slowly, requesting pronunciation correction, and guessing
what the speaker will say).

9. Everyone has their own motivation to study.

According to Gardner (1985), motivation and
attitudes are the primary sources contributing to
individual language learning. Gardner has
described the phenomenon of motivation as
consisting of four components: a
goal, effort, want, and attitudes toward the
learning activity.

11. Children who were born with an educated
parents tends to be smarter?

Slavin (1997)• Parent that highly educated
make physical and mental preparation to help
the development of physiology and cognitive
or their children.•

13. Students have different styles in learning

Oxford (1989) argued that learners learn target
languages for different reasons and purposes
and this could have an effect on their choice
of learning strategies.