This document describes a patent for an apparatus that detects foreign bodies on the bottoms of transparent vessels like milk bottles. The apparatus uses a cathode ray tube located below a knife-edged grid that supports the vessel to scan the bottom with a light beam. A light responsive device above the vessel detects reductions in light caused by foreign bodies. The grid and adjustable scanning allow vessels of different sizes to be scanned without dismantling the apparatus.

1. * GB785223 (A)
Description: GB785223 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to apparatus for detecting the presence of
foreign bodies on the bottoms of transparent vessels
Description of GB785223 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvemellts in or relating to Apparatus ior Detecting tlie Presence
of
Foreign Bodies on the Bottoms Ox Transparent Vessels.
We, U.D. ENCINEERING COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of Abbey
Works, Cumber- land Avenue, Park Royal, London, N.W.10,
England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to apparatus for detecting the presence of
foreign bodies on the bottom of transparent vessels such as, for
example, milk bottles.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus whereby the
bottom of the vessel may be scanned directly by a scanning beam of
light without the use of mechanical scanning devices.
Further objects are to provide such an apparatus whereby the scanning
can be effected without interrupting the movement of a vessel which is
being mechanically moved between two positions, for example, between a
bottle cleaning machine and a bottle filling machine, and whereby the
scanning system can be readily adapted to deal with vessels of
different sizes, or to provide a different scanning pattern, without
necessitating dismantling of the apparatus or a prolonged interruption
of its operation.
According to the invention an apparatus for detecting the presence of
a foreign body on the bottom of a transparent vessel having a coaxial
mouth and bottom comprises in combination a cathode ray tube, located
so that a beam of light emitted therefrom passes longitudinally
through the vessel and arranged to effeet scanning of that portion of

2. the bottom of the vessel whieh is normally transparent to light
directed longitudinally of the vessel. a light responsive device
disposed so as to receive light passed through the bottom of the
vessel from said cathode ray tube, a device operable by said light
responsive device for giving an indication when the amount of light
from said cathode ray tube falling on said device is reduced below a
predetermined value, a support for said vessel during scanning formed
of one or more members of such dimensions and so arranged as to avoid
significant obstruction to the passage of light from said cathode ray
tube to said light responsive device, and a device for adjusting the
areas of the scanning field of said cathode ray tube.
The vessel may be moved continuously across the supporting means
during the scanning operation.
The means for supporting the vessel may comprise a grid formed from
thin strips of metal or other suitable material disposed with their
narrow edges uppermost, and such strips may be disposed parallel to
each other or may be arranged concentrically in circular arcuate form
or in any other pattern, Thus. from another aspect of the invention an
apparatus for detecting the presence of a foreign body on the bottom
of a transparent vessel comprises in combination, -a knife- edged grid
to support the bottom of the vessel, a cathode ray tube located below
said grid so as to direct a beam of light between the bars of the grid
longitudinally through the bottom of the vessel towards the open end
thereof to soan the bottom of the vessel. a light responsive device
disposed on tbe end of the vessel opposite that from which the light
impinges and means for giving an indication when the light falling on
the light responsive device is reduced below a predetermined value.
Stretched thin wires, or wire mesh of
convenient mesh size may also be employed
instead of the said grid.
Alternatively the vessel may be supported by members which engage the
vessel at opposite sides thereof. Where the vessel is a milk bottle,
for example, the supporting means may comprise members which engage
with the neck of the bottle under the neck ring thereof.
The cathode ray tube may be disposed below or above the vessel, the
light sensitive relay being disposed at the other end of the vessel so
as to receive the light passing through the bottom of the vessel from
top to bottom thereof or vice versa.
Reference will now be made to the diagram matic drawings accompanying
the Provisional Specification which illustrate by way of example one
embodiment of the invention applied to detection of the presence of
foreign bodies on the bottoms of milk bottles, and in which
Figure 1 is a plan of the apparatus according to the invention;
Figure 2 is an elevation of a part of the apparatus on the line 11-Il

3. of Figure 1
Figure 3 is a plan of a modification of the arrangement sholul in
Figure 2; and
Figure 4 is an elevation of Figure 3.
Like numerals are used in all the Figures to designate similar parts.
51ilk bottles 1 are carried in succession, at spaced intervals, on an
endless, slatted conveyor 2 and are moved thereby into engagement with
a transfer device at 3 in
Figure 1 for example which moves eaeh bottle 1 from the conveyor 2,
across a l.nife-edged grid support 4, and delivers it to a second
endless conveyor 5. The bottles may however be fed over the grid by
each pressing against the other as the conveyor urges succeeding
bottles forward. Preferably, the transfer device at 3 when used is so
constructed as to move the bottle continuously over the grid 4 from
conveyor 2 to conveyor 5.
If desired, however, the transfer device may take the form of an
intermittently rotatable star-wheel (not shown which moves a bottle
from the first conveyor and retains it in a stationary position on the
grid 4 during scanning. In this form, the star-wheel, on a second
movement thereof, moves the bottle, after scanning, on to the second
conveyor 5 and simultaneously moves a second bottle from the first
conveyor 2 to the stationary position on the grid 4.
The area of the grid 4 on to which the bottle 1 is moved, is not less
than that of the bottom of the largest bottle which is to be supported
thereon as it will be appreciated that it may be desired to use the
apparatus for detecting the presence of foreign bodies in bottles of
varying sizes.
The bars 6 of the grid 4 are disposed with their narrow, i.e. knife.
edges uppermost and may be spaced apart as shown in parallel
relationship or may be of concentric circular
arcuate or other form but are preferably disposed in accordance rrith
the scanning pattern adopted. Due to the lcnife-edged arrangement of
the grid substantially the whole of the bottom of the bottle 1 is
exposed for the purposes of scanning so that a minimum size of foreign
body can be detected anywhere on the bottom of the bottle. When the
bars 6 are arranged in parallel relationship they are preferably
longitudinally disposed in the direction of travel of the bottles thus
providing a smooth path for the bottles.
Directly below the grid 4 is located a cathode ray tube 7 the beam of
light from the fluorescent screen of which passes between the bars of
the grid and upwards through the bottom of the bottle to a light
responsive device S, as described hereafter. It is necessary to avoid
scanning of the portions of the bottom of the bottle lying directly
below the bottle wall ; since the refraction produced in such portions

4. gives the effect of opacity therein and the effect on the light
responsive device S would be as though a foreign body were on the
bottom of the bottle 1, and a false indication lvould thus be given by
the apparatus. Accordingly the cathode ray tube 7 is provided with
control means (not shown) to adjust the size of the scanning field and
ensure that the scanning carried out therewith shall be limited to the
area of the inner surface of the bottom of the bottle 1 which lies
within the confines of the inner surface of the bottle wall, or a
corresponding area of the outer surface of the bottom of the bottle.
Such control means also enables the scanning field of the cathode ray
tube 7 to be adjusted at will to deal with bottles of different sizes.
One way of effecting the aforesaid control of the scanning is to
employ a rotary electromagnetic field in association with the cathode
ray tube 7, so that by varying within predetermined limits the voltage
applied to produce such field, a spiral scanning pattern is produced
of whidi the area is that required for a given size of bottle.
Other scanning patterns may be employed, e.g. a zig-zag pattern
covering the required circular area, or a pattern comprising
suecessive circular areas of increasing radius.
That stated above is given as an example onlv.
Above the open end of the bottle 1 when it is on the grid + is the
light responsive device S, lvhieh alay be supported on standards
secured to the frame of the machine. This device, which preferably
consists of a photo-eleetne cell, is connected through an amplifier 9
with selector meehanisms (not shown) adapted to operate means for
giving an indication vfhen the light falling on the light sensitive
device 8 is reduced below a predetermined value. This indication may
take any desired form; for example, it may consist of an audible
indicator or a light indicator, or it may take the form of mechanism
operative, after the bottle has been delivered to the second conveyor
5, to eject the bottle 1 containing a foreign body from the conveyor.
It is preferred to operate the scanning system continuously, in order
to avoid lack of stability due to rapid switching on and off of the
apparatus, and to operate the photo-electric cell 8 and associated
indicator device by means of a suitably located switch (not shown)
co-operating with the movement of the bottle, so that the cell 4 is
responsive to the scanning system only when a bottle 1 is properly
aligned between the cathode ray tube 7 and the photo-electric cell 8,
thus avoiding a false indication being given by scanning the wall of
the bottle adjacent the base thereof.
In operation, the beam of light from the fluorescent screen of the
cathode ray tube 7 scans the required area of the bottom of the bottle
1 in accordance with the selected scanning pattern. Should a foreign
body be encountered on the bottom of the bottle the quantity of light

5. impinging on the light sensitive device 8 will be reduced and as a
consequence the indicator will be caused to operate.
The movement of the beam of light emitted from fluorescent screen of
cathode ray tube 7 over the bottom of the bottle, during the scanning
is so fast that it is possible, by the apparatus constructed according
to the invention to move the bottle uninterruptedly over the
supporting grid.
In an alternative arrangement for supporting the bottles (Figures 3
and 4), the bottles 1 are engaged on either side by rails 10 or like
members disposed so as to form a short track arranged so that the
bottles may be moved therealong to pass between the said cathode ray
tube and the light sensitive relay. The rails 10 constituting the
track are disposed so that when a bottle 1 is fed towards one end
thereof from a slatted conveyor, as previously described, the rails 10
engage the neck of the bottle 1 below the neck ring 11 thereon, the
bottle 1 being supported in this manner as it is pushed along the
track 10 by other bottles 1 being fed thereto. During a portion of its
travel along the track 10 the bottle 1 will be held suspended between
the cathode ray tube 7 and the light responsive device 8, the bottom
of the bottle being scanned in the manner previously described, and
there being no obstacle to the passage of light from the cathode ray
tube 7 to the bottom of the bottle 1. At a point beyond the position
at which scanning takes place the track may widen as shown so as to
release the bottles 1 which are then conveyed on the endless conveyor
as previously described.
'whilst in the form of the invention described the cathode ray tube 7
is located below the bottom of the bottle 1 it will bs understood that
it is equally convenient to arrange the cathode ray tube 7 so that the
open top of the bottle 1 passes immediately thereunder, the light from
the cathode ray tube 7 passing through the top of the bottle to the
bottom thereof and falling on the light responsive device 8 which will
be disposed underneath the grid or the like supporting the bottle, or
immediately below the level of the bottom of the bottle, where a
support ing grid therefor is not employed.
Lenses 12, 13 may be employed to focus the light from the screen of
cathode ray tube 7 on the bottom of the bottle 1 and on to the
photo-electric cell 8.
As the extent of the scan of the light beam cast by the cathode ray
tube 7 is preferably the sane diameter where it strikes the bottom of
a bottle as the bottle bottom inside the side walls, the lens 13 is
required where the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube is of
smaller diameter than the bottom of the bottle within the bottle
sides. For other relative dimensions between the extent of the scan of
the light beam and the inside bottle bottom, the faces of the lens 13

6. if used are of such curvature as to ensure that the diameter of the
extent of the scan of the beam of light at the bottle bottom is equal
to the diameter of the bottle bottom within the walls.
In an alternative construction as shown in
Figure 5, the light sensitive device 8 and the cathode ray tube 7 are
mounted side by side in a framework so as to form a single unit
disposed at the upper end of the vessel 1 to be scanned. Mirrors 14,
15 are provided to reflect the light rays emanating from the bottle on
to the light sensitive device 5. In this case a screen 16 is provided
to prevent reflection of light from the mirror 15 to the cathode ray
tube, or vice versa, wllich could reduce the light sensitivity of the
device 8.
While in Figure 5 the cathode ray tube 7 is placed above the bottle
and the mirrors are below the bottle, their respective positions may
be reversed if desired. The screen 16 is so positioned that it will
not interfere with the travel of the bottles over the grid 6 and it
may form a stop to the bottles in transit should they tend to slide
sideways off the grid.
Should it be desired not to have the device 8 immediately above or
below the bottle the mirror 14 (above or below the bottle) may reflect
the light rays on to the device 8 disposed to one side of the bottle,
as in the position of the mirror 15 for example.
The provision of a cathode ray tube for carrying out the scanning
operation has the advantage. as compared with a mechanical scanning
system. that the means for illu-minat ing the bottom of the bottle and
for effe@
scanning are combined in a single ap.ar- r
which may be readily adapted to deal with bottles of different sizes
or to modify the scanning pattern. These latter operations may be
effected by simple manipulation of a manual control for the circuit of
the cathode ray tube, thereby avoiding the necessity of interrupting
the operation of the apparatus
and replacing one scanning disc by another, as is necessary with a
mechanical system.
Furthermore, the present invention reduces maintenanee costs since it
involves the employment of fewer moving parts such as bearings and the
like which require attention during operation and replacement after
wear.
What we claim is
1. An apparatus for detecting the presence of a foreign body in the
bottom of a transparent vessel having a substantially coaxial mouth
and bottom comprising in combination a cathode ray tube, located so
that a beam of light elnitted therefrorn passes longitudinally through
the vessel and arranged to effect scanning of that portion of the

7. bottom of the vessel which is normally transparent to light directed
longitudinally of the vessel, a light responsive device disposed so as
to receive light passed through the bottom of the vessel from said
cathode ray tube, a device operable by said light responsive device
for giving an indication when the amount of light from said cathode
ray tube falling on said device is reduced below a predetermined
value, a support for said vessel during scanning formed of one or more
members of such dimensions and so arranged as to avoid significant
obstruction to the passage of light from said cathode ray tube to said
light responsive device, and a device for adjusting the area of the
scanning field of said cathode ray tube.
2. An apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the cathode ray tube is
disposed below the supports so as to direct a light beam through the
support, the bottom of the vessel and the open end of the vessel on to
a light sensitive device disposed above the vessel.
3. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 therein the support for the
vessel comprises a grid formed from thin strips of material disposed
parallel to each other or in concentric circular ares with their
narrow edges uppermost.
4. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the support
comprises thin stretched wires or a wire mesh mounted in a frame.
5. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the support consists
of a mew her or members eaeh disposed to engage tile neck
of an open ended vessel to be scanned and
locate the vessel between the cathode ray tube and the light sensitive
device.
6. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein
the cathode ray tube and the light sensitive device are disposed
adjacent one end of the vessel to be scanned and a light reflecting
device is disposed on the opposite end of the vessel to direct the
light rays from the cathode ray tube substantially axially through the
vessel on to the light sensitive device.
7. An apparatus according to any of
Claim 1-6 wherein a mechanism is provided operable continuously to
move vessels in succession across the support.
8. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein
endless conveyors are disposed on either side of the light beam
continuously operable to feed the vessels to and deliver them from the
scanning position. a transfer device being provided to convev the
vessels between the two conveyor across the light beam.
9. An apparatus according to Claim 8. wherein the transfer device
includes an intermittently rotating star-wheel which is shaped to
pieli up a vessel from the first conveyor and release it on the second
conveyor, and is operated to dell with a vessel located in the light

8. beam for scanning the vessel.
10. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 wherein a
continuously moving vessel advancing device is disposed to traverse a
path substantially parallel to the support to engage and pass the
vessels across the light beam directed by the cathode ray tube on to
the light sensitive device.
11. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein
a control device is provided in association with the cathode ray tube
to permit adjustment of the size of the scanning field at will whereby
the scanning field is limited to the cross sectional area of the
interior of the vessel.
12. An apparatus according to Claim 11. wherein a rotary
electro-magnetic field is provided in association with the cathode ray
tube, whereby on variation of the voltage applied to produce such a
field a spiral scanning pattern of the requisite area to be seanned is
created.
13. An apparatus according to Claim 11 wherein a device is provided
capable of producing a moving electro-magnetic field in association
with the cathode ray tube, whereby on variation of the voltage applied
to produce such a field, a scanning pattern of the requisite area to
be scanned is created, the scanning pattern being zig-zag or
successive circular areas of increasing radius.
14. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 1-13 wherein the light
responsive device comprises a photo-electric cell connected through an
amplifier device to a selective mechanism constructed so that when the
light falling on the light sensitive device falls below a
predetermined value, an
* GB785224 (A)
Description: GB785224 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in sighting or viewing devices
Description of GB785224 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,224 Date of filing Complete Specification (under Section 3 ( 3) of

9. the Patents
Act, 1949): Dec 7, 1955.
Application Date:-Dec 9, 1955.
Application Date: Aug 6, 1955.
No 35647/54.
No 22705/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 97 ( 1), S( 3: 4); and 132 ( 2), 13 C.
International Classificaiion:-A 63 b G 02 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Sighting or Viewing Devices I, ROBERT ALAN CHANDLER, a
British Subject of Overton Grange, Forest Row, Sussex, do hereby
declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted
to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention, relates to sighting or viewing devices which may be
worn during the play or practice of ball, games such as golf but may
be used, for other purposes where it is desirable to eliminate
extraneous light, to aid concentration or to limit the field of vision
as for example when watching television or when reading.
It is known that in the play of certain ball games such as golf it is
important to keep the eye on the ball and at the same time head
movements should so far as possible be avoided Thus, when addressing
the ball at golf, it is important to avoid, upward, downward or
lateral movements of the head as such movements may affect the swing
of the club I have found that such upwardl, downward or lateral
movements of the head' are discouraged if the player wears a sighting
device which will enable him to see the ball which he is addressing
while his head is held in one position but will cut off his view of
the ball if his head be raised or lowered from that position or moved
laterally to a substantial extent.
According to the present invention a sighting or viewing device
comprises a screen or mask adapted to be worn over the eye or eyes and
having a narrow horizontal sighting area or pair of narrow horizontal
sighting areas one for each eye defined thereon by a frame therearound
or by a slit-like aperture therethrough, each area being of adjustable
length.
The width of the sighting area should be just sufficient to enable the
object ball to be seen when, the wearer is in the normal position for
addressing such ball The width of the area should be fixed but its
lateral position may be adjustable.
The sighting device may comprise a pair of eye-pieces adapted to 'be
'worn like spectacles The eye-pieces may be generally opaque, each
being provided with a transparent horizontal sighting area in the form

10. of an aperture Alternatively, the eyepieces may be generally
transparent but each being provided with opaque horizontal lines
spaced apart to leave la horizontal sighting area, between them, the
spaced lines being at least as wide as the horizontal sighting area
between them.
In one form of the invention, the sighting device is built like a pair
of spectacles having a pair of eye-pieces connected by a bridge and
having ear-pieces Each of the eye-pieces may be generally opaque andc
provided with a more or less centrally disposed narrow horizontal
sighting area, preferably in the form of an aperture This area may be
relatively short, e g from two to four times its width or it may
extend over the whole eye-piece.
In the latter case it is provided with adjustable shutters enabling
its effective length, i e.
its apparent length to the eye to be increased or decreasedl at will.
In a preferred arrangement means is providied for adjusting the
position of the sighting areas in a lateral direction or for adjusting
the lateral positions of the ends of the sighting areas so as in
effect to adjust the lateral position of the sighting areas For
example a pair of shutters may be pivoted to each eye-piece so that
each shutter can be swung over one end of a sighting area In this way
the sighting areas of a pair of eye-pieces can be adjusted not only in
length but also as to their relative lateral spacing to suit the
differing pupilary distances of different individuals Means is
preferably provided for calibrating the sighting areas Thus a scale
may be provided above Or beneath each sighting area so that the
shutters may be set at predetermined positions and so that the lateral
positions or lengths of the sighting areas may 'be adjusted by
predetermined amounts by reference to the scale.
In the practice of golf for example it may be desirable that initially
the ball should be slighted through relatively long sighting areas SO
in the eye-pieces and that the sighting areas should be progressively
reduced in length as practice proceeds and as the wearer gains more
ability to avoid head movement when, addressing the ball The use of
shutters movable relatively to scales marked on the eye-pieces will
enable the progressive reduction in the length of the sighting areas
to be readily measured.
By way of example, the horizcntal sighting area may be substantially
one-eighth of an inch wide and at least one-quarter, preferably at
least three-eighths, of an inch long.
The invention will now be further described by way of example with
reference to the drawing accompanying the provisional specification of
application No 22705/55 which illustrates a perspective view of one
embodiment.

11. In this embodiment the sighting device is built after the manner of a
pair of spectacles, having a front frame section comprising a bridge 1
interconnecting two eye-piece holding portions 2, and pivotally
attached ear-pieces 3 Eye-pieces 4 mounted in the portions 2 consist
of opaque material and are formed with narrow horizontal slits, 5
forming the sighting areas through which an object such as a ball may
be viewed by a wearer of the device.
A pair of shutters such as 6 is pivotally mounted on the front of each
eye-piece 4 by means of a common pivot pin 7 Each of the shutters is
provided with an upstanding tongue or finger piece '8 by which the
shutter may be readily moved by a finger-tip of the wearer.
Each shutter can be swung over one end of its corresponding slit and
thus the two slits can be adjusted to vary both the effective length
of sighting areas and their relative spacing This adjustment is
rendered more precise by the provision of indicator portions or
pointers such as 9 on, the lower edge of the shutters, which cooperate
with scales 10 marked on each eye-piece below the slit therein By
reference to these scales the shutters may be set at predetermined
positions and the lateral positions or effective lengths of the slits
adjusted by predetermined, amounts.
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* GB785225 (A)
Description: GB785225 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Therapeutic preparations containing tetracycline
Description of GB785225 (A)
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12. The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,2295 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec
16, 1954.
No 36520/54.
Application made in United States of America on Dec 17, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 81 ( 1), B 1 (D: N: Q: R: S: Z), B 2 (D: N:
Q: R: S: Z).
International Classification:-A 61 k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Therapeutic Preparations containing Tetracycline We, BRISTOL
LABORATORIES LIMITED, formerly known as The Angier Chemical Company
Limited, a British Company, of 211 Blackfriars Road, London, S E 1, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: The present
invention relates to compositions useful in antibacterial therapy and,
more particularly, to compositions comprising tetracycline and at
least one additional drug.
According to the present invention there is provided a therapeutic
composition comprising tetracycline free base or a non-toxic metal or
acid addition salt thereof, and at least one additional drug
consisting of a sulpha drug, a vitamin, neomycin, streptomycin,
dihydrostreptomycin, penicillin, chlorotetracycline, oxytetracycline
or a non-toxic salt thereof or a hormone effective in increasing the
resistance of the body to stress.
The additional drug may be a multiple combination of the above drugs.
The name tetracycline is used herein in a generic sense to include the
free base including the anhydrous form and the tri-hydrate and
non-toxic metal and acid addition salts of the j free base.
More particularly, the present invention includes compositions
comprising tetracycline and one or more of the following drugs:
Sulpha drugs, (e g sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, sulphamethazine,
sulphabenzamide, sulphacetamide, sulphanilamide, sulphapyridine,
sulphathiazole, sulphapyrazine, sulphaguanidine, sulphathalidine,
sulphasuxidine, sulphisoxazole, sulphamylon, phthalylsulphacetamide,
NI-3,4-dimethylbenzoylsulphanilamide, benzylsulphanilamide and N 1-(
2-quinoxalyl)-sulphanilamide), vitamins (e g Vitamins A, A 1, B 2, B

13. 6, B,12, and members of that family, folic acid and members of that
family, Vitamins C, D,, D, and E) and neomycin; in some cases such
combinations attack a wider range of organisms or show synergistic
efficacy lPrice 3 s 6 d l i a d or provide decreased toxicity with
equal efficacy), or hormones (e g cortisone, adrenocotropic hormone).
The combination of tetracycline with hormones effective in increasing
the resistance of the body to stress has also been found to be very
useful in the treatment of certain infectious diseases Hormones
effective in increasing-the resistance of the body to stress are ACTH,
cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone and prednisolone Cortisone
and/or hydrocortisone are substances secreted by the adrenals and have
a very important metabolic function ACTH is a hormone secreted by the
pituitary gland which controls the secretion of cortisone or
hydrocortisone Prednisone and prednisolone are chemical derivatives of
cortisone and hydrocortisone with a more powerful action.
Multiple combinations of added agents are often useful, e g
sulphadiazine and sulphamerazine to provide equal efficacy and reduced
toxicity; substantially equal amounts of a nontoxic acid addition salt
of streptomycin (sulphate; levo pimaric-6, 8 a-cis-endosuccinate) and
a non-toxic acid addition salt of dihydrostreptomycin (sulphate;
sulphate iodide) to provide equal efficacy and reduced toxicity;
multiple vitamins; highly watersoluble salts of penicillin (e g
potassium) with moderately water-insoluble salts of penicillin (e.g
procaine).
The combination of tetracycline (or a salt thereof) with
chlorotetracycline (or a salt thereof), preferably but not necessarily
in a ratio in the range of 1: 10 to 10: 1 by weight, is found to be of
particular value in providing increased activity and desgcreased
toxicity Such a combination of tetracycline with either
chlorotetracycline or oxytetracycline may also be used to advantage to
replace tetracycline alone in any of the combinations of the present
invention.
The active ingredients of the present invention, are used as a simple
powder, as tablets, as troches, as lozenges or in capsules Aqueous
suspensions are prepared in advance or in situ when the stability of
other added agents (e g.
potassium benzyl-penicillin) so requires, and are a highly acceptable
oral dosage form A particularly useful oral dosage form is a
suspension in a palatable, acceptable edible oil; coconut oil is
preferred, particularly when liquid at room temperature or free of
tristearin and gelled with an aluminium stearate The active
ingredients of the present invention are admixed with suitable buffers
or pharmaceutical additives, preservatives, diluents, binders,
lubricants, masticatory substances, colours, flavours, suspending

14. agents, dispersing agents, resuspending agents, and stabilizing agents
as desired.
The active ingredients of the present invention are presented for
parenteral use as a suspension in an injectable oil (e g peanut oil),
as a suspension in a gelled injectable oil (e g.
peanut oil gelled with 2 % aluminium monostearate), as an aqueous
suspension or as a powder to which a sterile, aqueous diluent is added
before use to generate an injectable suspension These aqueous
suspensions often advantageously contain non-toxic suspending or
dispersing agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum
tragacanth, gelatin, pectin, alginates, dextrans, gum karaya,
lecithin, "Spans," "Tweens," Amerchols, inositolphosphoric acids and
their non-toxic salts (e g sodium phytate), glyceryl monostearate,
Kreelon CD, polyoxyalkylenesorbitols, not more than 2 0 per cent of an
injectable oil such as peanut oil and condensation products, having
molecular weights greater than 1500, of ethylene oxide with a
condensation product of propylene oxide with propylene glycol (e g.
Pluronic F 68) On occasion, it is advantageous to actually coat the
particles of active ingredients, at least in part, with one of these
agents, e g lecithin.
The combination of the present invention is presented for topical use
in a large variety of pharmaceutical forms These include aqueous or
oil solutions or suspensions for use on dressings or by instillation
or by direct application The product may be applied directly in dry
solid form, using suitable solid diluents as is convenient The
combination is useful in ointment form in oils, which may be gelled,
in emulsions of oil and water and in aqueous gels prepared for
example, from sodium carboxymethylcellulose or propylene glycol and
carbowax Anhydrous oils are preferred when the combination is found to
be unstable to water under the expected conditions and duration of
storage in commercial use The product may be administered in
suppositories, in dental cones, or in bougies.
Non-aqueous ointments may have as their base wool fat, petrolatum,
cottonseed oil, peanut oil or oxycholesterin derivatives from wool
fat.
If desired, buffering agents may be added such as sodium citrate or
sodium phosphates, as when one of the active ingredients of this
invention is an alkali metal salt of penicillin.
When appropriate, the suspensions may be buffered by the addition of
free acids, e g.
citric acid or phosphoric acid If appropriate, a stabilizing agent for
penicillin is added, such as hexamethylenetetramine or sodium phytate.
Small amounts of preservative are often used, e.g phenol, cresol, or

15. alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid Useful variations in the
properties of the active ingredients of the present invention are
obtained by altering particle size or shape, as by varying procedures
of crystallization or, more easily, by mechanical means such as
grinding, hammer-milling, pulverizing, or micronizing When using
tetracycline free base, either the anhydrous form or the trihydrate is
used; the trihydrate is not used where its water of hydration will
make the product unstable as determined by simple test.
Following is a description by way of example of methods of carrying
the invention into effect.
EXAMPLE I.
Magnesium stearate ( 5 7 g), oil of peppermint U S P ( 1 5 cc), 60
mesh potassium penicillin G ( 35 g), 60 mesh Ca CO, starch ( 178 2 g)
and 60 mesh tetracycline hydro 95 chloride ( 50 g) are mixed, slugged,
ground to pass through a #26 mesh screen and tabletted to make 500
tablets.
EXAMPLE II.
Magnesium stearate ( 5 7 g), oil of pepper 100 mint U S P ( 1 5 cc),
60 mesh chlorotetracycline hydrochloride ( 50 g), 60 mesh Ca CO,starch
( 178 2 g) and 60 mesh tetracycline hydrochloride ( 50 g) are mixed,
slugged, ground to pass through a #26 mesh screen 105 and tabletted to
make 500 tablets.
EXAMPLE III.
Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and Vitamin B,, are
weighed into blenders under sterile conditions, blended for 110 six
days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted
before use by the addition of sterile water to give approximately one
therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc.
EXAMPLE IV 115 Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and
procaine penicillin G are weighed into blenders under sterile
conditions, blended for six days, filled under sterile conditions into
a vial and reconstituted before use 120 by the addition of sterile
water to give approximately one therapeutic dose of each ingredient
per cc.
EXAMPLE V.
Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline tri 125 hydrate and A C T H
are weighed into blenders, under sterile conditions, blended for six
days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted
before use by the addition of sterile water to give approximately one
130 785,225 tion of sterile water to give approximately one
therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc.
EXAMPLE VII.
The following ingredients are mixed under sterile conditions and
filled into 2-ounce bottles:

16. therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc.
EXAMPLE VI.
Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and streptomycin
sulphate are weighed into blenders under sterile conditions, blended
for six days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and
reconstituted before use by the addiFormulation Number Ingredients
Pulverized Sugar Soluble saccharin g 24 0 24 0 24 0 24 0 g 0 3 0.3 0.3
0.3 Sodium benzoate Anhydrous sodium citrate, U.S P.
g 0 06 0 06 g 0 12 0 12 0.06 0 06 0.12 0 12 g 1 20 1 20 1 20 Potassium
alginate g 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 Tetracycline trihydrate Sulphadiazine
Sulphamerazine g 1 20 g 12 0 g.
1.20 1 20 4 0 Sulphamethazine Anethole g.
ml 0 02 4.0 02 0 02 0 02 These mixtures are reconstituted by the
addition of sterile water (q s ad 2 oz) and administered orally.
EXAMPLE VIII.
Soluble saccharin ( 0 60 g), "Sucaryl" ( 4 g), powdered sugar ( 20 g),
d-sorbitol ( 8 g), potassium alginate ( 6 g), tetracycline
hydrochloride ( 4 g), and chlorotetracycline hydrochloride ( 4 g) are
well mixed (q s ad 200 cc) into one of the following bases.
Base #1 is composed of 100 % coconut oil.
Base #2 is composed of 100 % coconut oil sufficiently free of
tristearin, to be liquid at 600 F.
Base #3 is composed of 80 % coconut oil and 20 % peanut oil.
Base #4 is composed of 95 % coconut oil and 5 % peanut oil.
Base #5 is composed of 95 % coconut oil and 5 % peanut oil.
Base #6 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % peanut oil, gelled
with 1 % aluminium monostearate.
Base #7 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % peanut oil gelled
with 2 % aluminium monostearate.
Base # 8 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil gelled
with 2 % aluminium monostearate.
Base #9 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil gelled
with 1 % aluminium monostearate.
Base # 10 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil.
Base # 11 is composed of 100 % coconut oil gelled with 2 % aluminium
monostearate.
"Spans", "Tweens" and "Sucaryl" are Registered Trade Marks.
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17. * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785226 (A)
Description: GB785226 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to circuits for detecting an auxiliary carrier
lying within the band of a television signal
Description of GB785226 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE534645 (A) CH328924 (A) DE946292 (C) FR1118873 (A)
NL103745 (C) US2935568 (A)
BE534645 (A) CH328924 (A) DE946292 (C) FR1118873 (A)
NL103745 (C) US2935568 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7895226 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Jan 4,
1955.
No 195/55.
Application made in Netherlands on Jan 5, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Class 40 ( 3), F 3 B. International
Classification: -H 04 n.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Circuits for Detecting an Auxiliary
Carrier Lying within the Band of a Television Signal We, PHILIPS
ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place,

18. Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British company, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
The invention relates to a circuit for detecting an auxiliary carrier
lying within the band allocated to a main television signal Such an
auxiliary carrier may serve for example for transmitting a further
television signal having a smaller band-width than the first-mentioned
signal In colour television a first or main signal, having a
relatively large band-width, may contain, for example, information
about the brightness of a scene to be reproduced, and the signal on
the auxiliary carrier may have a narrower band-width and contain
information about the colour In a trichrome system the auxiliary
carrier may be modulated for a given period by a first auxiliary
signal relating to a first colour, for a next following period by a
second auxiliary signal relating to a second colour, for the further
following period again by the first auxiliary signal relating to the
first colour and so forth Or the comparatively wide band allocated to
the main signal may contain two auxiliary carriers, each of which is
modulated by a signal relating to a given colour content of 'he
picture.
Such systems have the advantage that at the receiver the auxiliary
signals can be reproduced simply by rectification, i e without
auxiliary carriers having to be generated in the receiver with the
correct frequency and phase and mixed with the incoming auxiliary
carriers.
It is known that with both simultaneous and alternate transmission of
the auxiliary signals, interference occurs in the reproduction of the
image produced by the main signal and results from the presence of the
auxiliary carriers with the signals modulated thereon If there is only
one auxiliary carrier within the frequency band of lPrice 3 s 6 d 1
the main signal and if the image consists of an odd number of lines in
two interlaced frames, the interference produced by the auxiliary
carrier appears in practice not to be troublesome to the eye if the
frequency of the auxiliary carrier is an odd-numbered multiple of half
the line frequency This result arises from the fact that, with this
choice of the auxiliary carrier frequency, interference on a given
line is neutralized for the most part during the next following
scanning of that line since the phase-difference between two elements
of the auxiliary carrier at two instants spaced apart by one image
period is,r radians.
Strictly speaking, this applies only to the case in which the signals
modulating the auxiliary carrier do not vary from image to image
However, provided that the variation is not great, it will, as is

19. known, also be true to a good approximation for signals whose form
changes slightly from frame to frame Morover, the energy of the
auxiliary carrier is in general small in comparison with the energy of
the main signal.
In systems using more than one auxiliary carrier, methods are also
known for suppressing as far as possible interference from the
auxiliary carriers in the image produced by the main signal.
Conversely, interference due to the main signal occurs in the image
produced by the signal modulating the auxiliary carrier It can be
proved that the latter interference, considered as constituting
sidebands of the auxiliary carrier, has the same phase relationship on
a given line during successive scans as the interference produced by
the auxiliary carrier in the image produced by the main signal, so
that, like the latter interference, it is not troublesome to the eye
to any material extent.
If the auiliary signal is demodulated with the aid of an auxiliary
carrier produced in the receiver and having the same frequency and
phase as the corresponding carrier at the transmitter, i e by
synchronous demodulation, the harmonics of the main signal will behave
as side-bands of the auxiliary carrier; this will 785,226 also be the
case if the detection is carried out by means of a diode or other
non-linear element and if the auxiliary carrier is strong enough in
comparison with the interfering components of the main signal.
However, as has been stated above, the auxiliary carrier will, as a
rule, be relatively weak and, if the depth of modulation of the
auxiliary carrier is 100 per cent, it may even happen that for some
time the auxiliary carrier is not present In this case, however, the
interference is constituted by a signal which is independent of the
phase and frequency of the auxiliary carrier and thus the
above-mentioned phase relationship on a given line of the image during
successive scans does not occur, so that the interference will be
troublesome.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved circuit in
which the above disadvantage is mitigated.
According to the invention a circuit for demodulating an auxiliary
carrier which lies within the frequency band allocated to a main
television signal and is modulated by an auxiliary television signal,
is characterised in that the said signals are applied to a filter
which passes the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands, the output of
the filter being applied to a first detector circuit which detects one
envelope and to a second detector circuit which detects the other
envelope, both detectors being biased in the conducting direction and
the detected signals being combined in such a way that the desired
signals are added together which interference is substantially

20. neutralized.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example
with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing in
which:Figure 1 shows the spectrum of a television signal with an
auxiliary carrier lying within the band occupied by the main signal;
Figures 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are curves assisting explanation of the
invention, and Figure 5 shows a circuit in accordance with the
invention.
Figure 1 shows the frequency spectrum of a main television signal with
frequencies between 0 and f,, and of an auxiliary carrier lying within
the frequency band of the main signal and having a frequency fh and
sidebands between fa and fb.
The frequency fh of the auxiliary carrier is chosen to be such that
the interference caused by the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands in
the image corresponding to the main signal is substantially
imperceptible to the eye If the image is built up from an odd number
of lines, the frequency of the auxiliary carrier may, as is known, be
chosen to be an odd-numbered multiple of half the line frequency.
In order to detect the signal modulating the auxiliary carrier, the
total signal will be fed to a band-pass filter by which the
frequencies between fa and fb can be selected From Figure 1 it will be
evident that in this case those components of the main signal which
lie within this range will also pass through the band-pass filter If
the energy of the latter components is 70 small in comparison with the
energy of the auxiliary carrier, these components may, as has been
stated above, be considered, even with non-synchronous detection as
side-band components of the auxiliary carrier, and owing to 75 the
manner in which the frequency of the auxiliary carrier has been
chosen, interference due to the main signal and appearing in the image
conveyed by the auxiliary carrier will also be substantially
imperceptible to the eye 80 However, if the auxiliary carrier is of
small amplitude in comparison with these interfering components, or if
the auxiliary carrier disappears temporarily, this is no longer the
case.
Figure 2 shows various forms of signal in 85 the output of the
band-pass filter, the amplitude A of the signal being plotted as a
function of time t The full line between the instants t= 0 and t=t 1
represents the modulated auxiliary carrier, and the broken lines the
envelope 90 of this auxiliary carrier During a period At 2, the main
signal is assumed to produce interference which is weak in comparison
with the amplitude of the auxiliary carrier and which appears as
modulation of the auxiliary carrier 95 During period At, the
interference in the absence of the auxiliary carrier is indicated If
such a signal is applied to a detector circuit comprising a

21. unidirectional element with an associated resistance-capacity network,
it is 100 found that a signal as shown in Figure 3 is produced If this
signal is applied to a control element of a television picture tube,
the interference occurring during period At is found to be
substantially imperceptible to the eye 105 because the output signal
of the detector one frame period later has the compensating waveform
indicated in Figure 4, where T designates the duration of one frame
period The interference during At 2 has a polarity opposite to 110
that of the interference during A(T+t J), owing to the choice of the
frequency of the auxiliary carrier Owing to the persistence of vision,
only the average of the interference is observed and this is zero
However, the inter 115 ferences occurring in periods A t, and A(T+t,)
have the same polarity and thus reinforce one another.
In a situation intermediate between the cases discussed above, viz a
situation in which dur 120 ing interference the auxiliary carrier is
present, but not to an extent sufficient to avoid overmodulation, the
interference in the detector output can be split up into two
components, one of which behaves like the interference dur 125 ing
At,, which is thus compensated by interference during A(T+t), while
the other behaves like the interference during At,, which is thus
reinforced by interference during A(T+t,) 130 785,226 Figure 5 shows a
circuit in accordance with the invention The television signal shown
in Figure 1 is fed to input terminals P and Q of the bandpass filter
BF, which passes the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands The output
signal of BF is first applied to the control grid of an amplifying
tube V and a corresponding signal is derived from the cathode resistor
Rk of this tube The direct voltage across Rk, produced by the direct
anode current flowing through the tube, may be assumed to be of the
order of a volt, for instance The cathode of the tube is connected to
the anode of a diode D, and to the cathode of a diode D, The cathode
of D, is connected to earth through the parallel combination of a
resistor R, and a circuit L, C, tuned to the frequency of the
auxiliary carrier The anode D, is connected through the parallel
combination of a resistor R and a circuit L, CQ, also tuned to the
frequency of the auxiliary carrier, to the positive terminal of a
battery having a voltage of 2 a, the negative terminal of the battery
being connected to earth.
For satisfactory operation of the circuit it is desirable that the
characteristics of the elements D,, R,, L, and C, should be
substantially identical with those of the corresponding elements D,,
R,, L and C, The direct voltages on the diodes are also so adjusted as
to be identical If the signal across Rk has the waveform shown in
Figure 2, the signal shown in Figure 6 will appear across RI with the
form indicated and not that indicated in Figure 3, which would be

22. produced by a conventional detector without the requisite biasing
voltage.
The biasing voltage enables the negative parts of the interference to
appear across the resistor.
A signal have the wave-form shown in Figure 7 will appear across the
resistor R, This signal is constituted by the lower envelope of the
signal shown in Figure 2 and, apart from the interference during At,,
it is identical in form with the signal across the resistor R, but has
opposite polarity; the interfering voltages during At, are, however,
identical in both form and plurality.
If the two envelopes are combined so that the desired signals are
added together (in the case illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 one would
be subtracted algebraically from the other) the resultant signal is
free from interference during At, The interference during At, is not
suppressed, but its influence is neutralized to the eye by
interference of opposite polarity which occurs one frame period later.
The signal E, across resistor R, may be denoted by (e+s) and the
signal -E, across resistor R, by (-e+s) where e designates the
envelope without the interference during At, and S is exactly equal to
that interference.
In order to obtain the desired signal (El++E,), the component E, may
for example be applied to the control grid of a tube B, and E, to the
control grid of a tube B The two tubes, which must have substantially
identical properties, have a common cathode resistor R, and are
connected to a common anode supply through anode resistors R and R,
Across each of the resistors R and R, there appears a signal which is
proportional to the desired signal EB,+E,, since the alternating
current i, through R, is il=S(Ei-En) and the alternating current i 2
through R, is i,=S(-E -Ek), where S designates the mutual or dynamic
conductance of the tubes B, and B, and Ek the cathode voltage If it is
assumed that the alternating current through R, is equal to (i,+i,),
which is approximately the case, (ii + i J) is equal to S(E,-E 1,-2
Ek), which=EJR,,, so that:SR 3, (E, 2), 2 R, S+ 1 from which it
follows that: S.E,(RS+l)+ESR,.
1 % + 2 R, S + 1 R% is so chosen that RS>>l, so that: il= 12 S(E,+E,,)
85 The current i, is opposite to il.
It has been found by experiments that the operation of a circuit
according to the invention is adversely affected by band-pass filters
having sharply defined cut-off frequencies 90 Even with a band-pass
filter having the characteristic shown in Figure 8 by broken lines
materially improved results ae obtained by means of the invention as
compared with the use of one simple detector, but with certain 95
forms of the main signal the experienced observer can still perceive
irregularities in the image conveyed by the auxiliary carrier They are

23. found to vanish substantially entirely when a band-pass filter having
the characteristic 100 shown in Figure 8 by full lines is used, the
low-frequency cut-off in particular being preferably very gradual If
the coupling capacitor C (Figure 5) is of comparatively small
capacity, the band-pass filter BF may be dispensed with 105 if
desired.
It is, of course, not necessary to use diodes as the rectifying
elements It is, however, essential that both the positive and the
negative parts of the interfering wave-form should 110 be retained, i
e rectifiers without bias voltage must not be used.
The use of circuits L,, C 1 and L,, C, as shown in Figure 5, instead
of the usual resistance shunted by capacity, is to be preferred 115
owing to the fact that the maximum modulation frequency of the
auxiliary carrier (f,, to Ia) or (f, to f,) is not very small in
comparison with the frequency fj of the auxiliary carrier With a
suitable choice of L, CQ and L, C, the low 120 pass filter which
usually follows the detector may be dispensed with if desired.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785227 (A)
Description: GB785227 (A) ? 1957-10-23
A new or improved carrier or packing for fragile objects
Description of GB785227 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or improved Carrier or Packing for Fragile Objects.
We, J. DRINK LIMITED, a British Company. of The Airport, Portsmouth,
Hampshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be

24. performed to be particularly described in and by the following
statement
This invention concerns a new or improved carrier or packing for
fragile objeets and particularly those of a hollow globular-like form,
and the invention has particular referpence to a carrier or packing
(hereinafter called a " carrier") for chocolate and like Easter eggs
although it could be used with equal facility for packing other
fragile objects such as, for example, electric lamps, wireless valves,
bottles. tumblers. wine glasses and so forth, all herein included in
the term "fragile articles".
Fragile articles have to be transported from the manufacturers to
wholesalers, retailers and the public and frequently are damaged in
transit due to shock or vibration in handling and in transit, and it
is an object of this invention to provide an improved form of carrier
for such articles and which will reduce the danger of damage thereto.
The difficulty of transporting globular fragile articles without
damage is particularly noticeable in the case of hollow chocolate and
like Easter eggs which are of a very frangible and brittle character,
usually having very thin walls, and this invention is particularly
directed to providing an improved form of carrier for chocolate and
like
Easter eggs.
According to this invention there is provided a carrier for a fragile
article, sueb carrier comprising a cradle of approximately
U-form with two hollow arms and wherein such cradle is constructed
from a blank in which the inner. outer and free-end walls of the' arms
of the cradle, and the connecting portion therebetween, are all formed
by a series of relatively foldable inter-connected panels arranged
end-to-end to form a continuous strip, and side flaps furnished with
co-operating locking means are provided both on the outer wall of each
of the said arms and on the said connecting portion between such arms,
the side flaps on the latter being adapted, when the cradle is
erected, to interlock with the side flaps on the connecting portion by
means of said co-operating locking means so that the said arms of the
cradle are substantially rigidly braced together whilst the inner
walls of said hollow arms or parts of the said inner walls are of a
resilient character, and are adapted to receive and locate between
them the article to be supported.
Preferably the connecting portion of the cradle extending between the
said two arms will include a somewhat resilient or yielding platform
part against, or in, which may engage the article positioned between
the said two arms. The said platform or platform part may be formed
from the same blank as the remainder of the cradle, or from a separate
blank.

25. Where the article to be carried is an
Easter egg or is of a shape similar to that of an Easter egg, for
example, the two arms of the cradle may each have a hole or recess
located in its inner wall, these holes respectively serving to locate
with respect to the said arms opposite ends of the article against
both endwise or axial movement and movement in all directions
transverse to its axis.
A side portion of the egg or like article lying between the end
portions thereof may also be arranged to rest resiliently on the
connecting portion of the cradle extending between the cradle arms of
the said platform or platform part (where this is provided), and
conveniently the latter may also have a hole or recess into which the
said side portion of the egg or article may seat and, in addition or
alternatively, may have a yielding part or parts which can be
resiliently displaced by the side of the egg when the egg is inserted
at its ends into the holes or recesses in the said arms of the cradle.
The outer extremities of the arms of the cradle may be inwardly
bevelled or flared, or square, or of other suitable form.
The said cradle may be used either with its arms in vertical positions
or in horizontal positions, as desired.
According to a further feature of the invention a lid (which may be
folded up from a blank) is provided for use with the aforementioned
cradle, such lid being adapted to fit over the free ends of the said
cradle arms still further to brace them together during transit.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood and further
features thereof clearly appreciated, one embodiment of the same will
now be described as applied to a carrier for a chocolate Easter egg
and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a front perspective view showing the embodiment of the
Easter egg carrier and taken from one side of, and above the latter;
Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1, but taken from the opposite
side to this Figure and from below;
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the carrier shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a plan view of the blank from which the carrier shown in
Figures I to 3 is mainly constructed, and;
Figures b and 6 are plan views respectively of two alter'native forms
of blank for use as a platform for the carrier shown in Figures 1 to
4.
As will be seen from Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, the carrier
comprises a cradle of approximately U-form made from two light weight
cardboard blanks, namely a blank 1 such as shown in Figure 4 and a
blank 2 or such as shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively.
The cradle comprises a base 3 forming a connecting portion between two
arms 4 and 5 which project in parallelism perpendicularly from the

26. ends of such base 3. The blanks from which the cradle is made are
folded up to form the cradle and give it a substantial rigid external
form but so as to furnish the cradle with double walls, i.e. inner and
outer walls of which the former serve to support an egg, such as that
indicated in dotted lines at 6, resiliently, wholly or primarily by
making use of the natural resilience of the cardboard of the cradle,
although this resilience may be supplemented by, for example, suitably
severing parts of the cardboard as will be more fully explained
hereinafter
The blank 1 shown in Figure 4 serves to form the two side arms 4 and 5
and the outer wall of the base of the cradle whilst the inner will of
such base constitutes a platform which is formed by one of the blanks
' or 2a shown in Figures 5 and 6 respcctively.
The blank shown in Figure 4 is the main blank and comprises an oblong
central panel 7 and eight other panels S, 9, 10, 11 and 81, 91, 101
and 111 arranged in two successions of four respectively located
beyond each end of the central panel 7, all the panels being joined
integrally together by folding creases which are all parallel to one
another and at right angles to the longitudinal edges of the said
central panel.
In one example the overall length of the blank, including all the
aforementioned panels, is about l9g" whilst its width is about 31D but
it will be understood that these dimensions and those given
subsequently are only mentioned by way of example and may be varied to
suit any particular requirements.
The central panel 7 is conveniently about 44e long whilst the panels
S, 81 are each about 34 long, the panels 9, 91 about 1" long, the
panels 10, 101 about 2, 1"' long and the end panels 11, 111 about "
long, the lengths of the panels being the dimensions measured
longitudinally of the whole blank. As the blank is 3" wide it will be
appreciated that the widths of a number of the panels considerably
esceeds the lengths of these panels measured in the direction above
mentioned.
The panels 8, 81 are intended to be folded up with respect to the
central panel 7 until they estend upwardly therefrom at right angles
thereto, whilst the panels 9, 91 are folded inwardly and downwardly at
an angle of about 45 to the upstanding panels 8, 81.
The panels 10, 101 are folded down into vertical positions parallel
to, but spaced inwardly from, the panels 8, 81 respectively whilst the
panels 11, 111 are respectively folded inwardly at right-angles to the
panels 10, 10t so as both to bear on the central panel 7 of the blank.
Thus a tJ- shaped cradle is provided which has two upstanding arms 4
and 5 located one at each end of the oblong central panel 7 of the
blank and these upstanding arms are of hollow construction, each

27. having parallel vertical inner and outer walls.
It will be noticed that the panels LO, 101 are shorter than the panels
8 and 81 but that, because of the downward inclination of the panels
9, 91, the lower ends of the panels
10, 101, and the panels ll 111. seat on the central panel 7.
Along each longitudinal edge of the central panel 7 is formed
respectively a narrow marginal flap 12, 12' joined to the said panel
by a folding crease and adapted to be folded upwardly so as to project
from the central panel at right-angles thereto and in each of these
flaps is provided a pair 13 or 131 of locking slots located one at a
distance from each end of the flap 12, 1, these locking slots being of
curvilinear form and adapted to receive co-operating locking tongues
shortly to be described.
The panels 8, S1 are provided along each longitudinal edge with a
locking flap, these flaps being respectively marked 14, 141 and each
being connected by a folding crease to its panel and each of these
flaps has, at the end nearest to the central panel 7, an outwardly
extending locking limb 15, the locking flap thus being of
approximately L-shape but having a rounded inner corner 16.
The locking limb 15 of each locking flap is formed, at its free end,
with a locking tongue 17 adapted, when the panel 8, 81 has been moved
into its vertical position with respect to the central panel 7 and
when the locking flaps 14, 141 on the panel 8, 81 have been turned
inwardly through 90 with respect to their panel, to register with one
of the locking slots 13, 131 in the longitudinal marginal flap 12, 121
on the same side of the central panel as itself, the arrangement being
such that the said locking tongue and slot can be interengaged so as
to secure the corresponding panel 8, 81 substantially rigidly in a
vertical position with respect to the central panel 7, the locking
flaps 14, 141 of the panels 8, 81 closing across the ends of the
double walls of the cradle ann defined by the panels 8 and 10 and the
panels 81 and 101 respectively.
To enable the locking tongues 17 of the said locking flaps 14, 141 to
be engaged upwardly into their co-operating locking slots, the end
corners of the marginal flaps 12, 121 of the central panel are cut
away somewhat thereby facilitating the slight movement of the flaps 8,
S1 inwardly beyond a vertical position.
Each of the said locking flaps 14, 141 of each of the panels 8, 81 is
provided, at the extremity remote from the said locking limb 15, with
a bracing flap 17 hingedly connected to the locking flap along an
oblique folding crease at approximately 45" to the longitudinal edges
of the locking flap, each of these bracing flaps 18 being of a length
rather greater than half the width of the blank (e.g. about 2i") so
that, when these bracing flaps are turned inwardly through 9() , they

28. extend across the upturned panel 8, 81 at the upper end thereof and
lie, on the inside of this panel, in an inwardly and downwardly
inclined plane disposed at about 45" to the panel, 8 81, these two
bracing flaps being provided with interlocking end portions 19 to lock
them together against separation in the direction of the width of the
panel 8, 81.
In commencing to assemble the blank the said bracing flaps 1S of each
locking fin2 14, 141 are first folded across the blank to raise the
associated locking flaps into position at right-angles to the panel 8,
81 and the inner ends of the bracing flaps are then locked together so
that, when the two sets of panels 8, 9, 10, and 11, and 81, 91, 101
and 111 are folded up as above described, the bracing flaps are
respectively enclosed within the upper parts of the double arms 4 and
5 of the cradle with which they are associated.
The panels 9, 91 are not provided with flaps along their longitudinal
edges but each of the panels 10, L01, 11, 111 is provided along each
longitudinal edge with a narrow flap 20, 901, 21, 211 of approximately
the same width as the locking flaps 14, 141 and the longitudinal flaps
12, 121 on the central panel 7, namely, of about Jg" wide.
Each of the flaps 20, 211 is connected to its panel through a folding
crease so that the flaps can be bent inwardly from the panel 10, 101
at right-angles thereto and these flaps are adapted, in the erected
cradle, to tuek within the locking flaps 14, 141 provided on the
corresponding panels 8, 81 to assist these locking flaps in closing
the ends of the double walled cradle anus.
Those ends of the flaps 20, 201 which will be uppermost in the erected
cradle arms are cut off obliquely so as to facilitate the intro.
duction, during the erection of the cradle, of these flaps between the
inturned bracing flaps 18 of the panels 8, 81.
The flaps 21, 211 provided at the lorgi tudinal edges of the panels
11, 111 are adapted to tuck within the flaps 11, 111 on the adjacent
panels 10, 101 so that, when the cradle is erected, each upstanding
arm 4, 5, although hollow, is closed on all sides and edges with the
exception of certain egg. positioning holes described hereinafter.
It will be appreciated that, when the blank constructed as above
described has been erected, an externally substantially rigid cradle
is produced but in which the inner walls of the upstanding cradle arms
are somewhat outwardly yielding or resilient due to the inherent
resiliency in the card- board and also due to the fact that these
inner walls of the cradle arms are substantially spaced from the outer
walls of such arms.
In each of the said inner walls of the up. standing cradle arms is
formed a hole (or it could be a recess) 22, 221 to receive one end of
an Easter egg, one of the holes (221) preferably being substantially

29. larger than the other.
Both of the said holes may be of any suitable shape; for example both
may be circular as shown or one may be circular and the other more or
less elliptieal. the arrangement being, in any case, such that the
axial length of the egg for which the cradle is intended is greater
than the distance (e.g. about 3 5/8") between the apposed inner
surfaces of the upstanding arms of the cradle and such that the more
pointed end of the egg may first be introduced into the hole in the
inside wall of one of the cradle arms whereafter the other end of the
egg may be pressed gently laterally between the arms of the cradle so
as to snap into the hole in the ilmer wall of the second arm of the
cradle, the egg thus being snore or less centralised between the two
arms of the cradle and held gently but firmly between these two arms
against any substantial movement in the cradle in any direetion
parallel to, or transverse of. the axis of the egg.
Although the cradle may be used quite satisfactorily without an
auxiliary eggsupporting platform such a platform is preferably
included and may be located on the central panel 7 of the cradle
between the lower ends of the arms 4 and 5 of the latter.
This platform may conveniently be formed by a second blank 2 or 2a
(see Figures 5 and 6) separate from the main blank 1 already
described; this second blank may be rectangular and about 3 5/8" long
and 3 3/8" to 3" wide, this blank having, along each of its four
edges, a narrow marginal flap 23, 231, 2311, or 23111 hingedly
connected thereto by a folding crease and adapted to be folded
downwardly at right-angles from the central part 24 of this blank. Two
of the opposite marginal flaps (e.g. 23 and 2311) of the blank 2 may
have end wings 241 adapted to be bent inwardly at right-angles to
their marginal flaps, the whole blank providing a rectangular platform
with a dependent perimetrical flange which can be introduced into the
base of the cradle between the lower parts of the two arms 4 and 5 of
the cradle and within the recess defined by these arms and the
longitudinal upturned marginal flaps 12, 121 of the central panel 7 of
the cradle blank 1.
The centrally unsupported platform has a resiliency inherent in the
cardboard from which it is made and preferably has a central hole 25
on the edge of which the lower side part of the egg 6 seats when the
egg is inserted into the cradle. By furnishing the said platform with
a hole as above described, provision is made for seating the egg well
into the cradle and for thereby enabling the latter to be made with
shorter arms 4 and 5 than would be necessary were the egg to stand
forward clear of the platform.
Alternatively, instead of providing the panel 24 forming the platform
with a hole 25, or in addition to so doing, this panel may be formed

30. with a longitudinal central slit 26
(see Figure 6) and two transverse slits 27 so
as to provide a pair of partially severed symmetrical portions in the
platform forming panel which serve resiliently to support an egg
placed in the cradle, these portions being gently downwardly deflected
by the egg itself when inserted into the cradle.
If desired, a second platform may be provided and be adapted i;r
insi,'tion between or over the free ends of the arms of the cradle so
as resiliently to engage the egg, or whatever other object is carried
by the
cradle, on the side thereof remote to that engaged by the
first-mentioned platform, and such an additional platform may be
similar to this first-mentioned platform and will preferably fit
between the outer ends of the said cradle arms which, in this case,
will conveniently be of square ended form at their outer ends instead
of being chamfered off as shown.
If desired, in an alternative arrangement, these marginal portions of
the inner walls of the two arms 4 and 5 of the cradle which surround
the holes 22 and 221 into which the ends of the Easter egg are adapted
to be inserted may be furnished with radial slits or the said holes
may be replaced by radially slitted portions of the said walls which
form resilient cushions for receiving the ends of the egg.
For use in co-operation with the cradle constructed as above
described, there may be provided a rectangular lid (not illustrated)
having a dependent perimetrical flange, the inside dimensions of the
lid being the same as, or slightly less than, the corresponding
dimensions of the central panel 7 of the cradle blank so that, when
the lid is placed over the free ends of the arms 4 and 5 of the
cradle, these are held against separation in transit and preferably
even pressed slightly inwardly towards one another by the lid itself
on application to the cradle. Such lid may be folded up from a blank.
The cradle with its Easter egg may be transported in this condition
with its lid in position without any outside container but it may, if
desired, be enclosed in a further cardboard or similar box. Moreover,
the cradle may, if desired, be enclosed in a transparent or partially
transparent easing which may, if desired, replace, or be additional
to, the aforementioned lid.
The cradle may be supported both for transit and display in a position
in which the arms of the cradle are upstanding, or alternatively with
the cradle arms horizontally disposed as illustrated. This will
probably
be the normal method of presentation or display, and advertisement
matter may very
conveniently appear on the ends of the arms of the cradle.

31. Although a completely symmetrical cradle has been described above it
should be understood that, in some circumstances, it may
be desired to make one of the arms of the cradle of greater
dimensions, particularly as regards its width, than the other arm, but
usually the arms will project from the base panel to precisely the
same extent so as to render the application of the lid to the cradle a
simple operation.
Moreover, although the free ends of the cradle arms have been
described above as of inwardly chamfered or bevelled form, one or both
of these ends may be of square or other alternative form. if desired.
What we claim is
1. A carrier for a fragile article, such carrier comprising a cradle
of approximately U-form with two hollow arms and wherein such cradle
is constructed from a blank in which the inner, outer and free-end
walls of the arms of the cradle. and.the connecting portion
therebetween, are all formed by a series of relatively foldable
inter-connected panels arranged end-to-end to form a continuous strip,
and side flaps furnished with co-operating locking means are provided
both on the outer wall of each of the said arms and on the said
connecting portion between such arms, the side flaps on the latter
being adapted, when the cradle is erected, to interlock with the side
flaps on the conneeting portion by means of said co-. operating
locking means so that the said arms of the cradle are substantially
rigidly braced together whilst the inner walls of said hollow arms or
parts of the said inner walls are of a resilient character, and are
adapted to receive and locate between them the article to be
supported.
2. A carrier according to Claim 1, wherein the connecting portion of
the cradle extending between the said two arms includes a somewhat
resilient or yielding platform or platform part against, or in, which
may engage the article positioned between said arms.
3. A carrier according to Claim 2, wherein the platform or platform
part of the cradle is formed from a blank separate from the strip
blank constituting the. remainder of the cradle.
4. A carrier according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the two arms of the
cradle each have a hole or recess located in its inner wall, these
holes or recesses respectively serving to locate with respect to the
said arms opposite portions of the article to be carried by the cradle
against both eudwise or axial movement and movement in all direetions
transverse to its axis.
5. A carrier according to any one of
Claims l to 4. wherein the portion of the carrier between the said two
arms is furnished with a hole or recess ilito wiiich a side portion of
said article may seat.

32. 6. A carrier according to any one of
Claims 1 to 4, wherein the portion of the carrier between the said two
arms is furnished with a yielding part or parts adapted to be engaged
by a side portion of an article located between the said arms and to
be displaced resiliently by such side portion of the article when this
is positioned between said arms.
7. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the
free ends of the said arms of the cradle are inwardly bevelled.
8. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a
lid or cover is provided to fit over the free ends of the said arms
and to brace the latter.
9. A cradle'according to any one of the preceding elaims, wherein the
said side flaps furnished with locking means and provided on the outer
wall of each arm of the cradle are also furnished with bracing flaps
having locking means, the bracing flaps of each arm being arranged to
interlock together against separation in the direction of the
side-to-side width of the said cradle arm.
10. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
the said strip blank comprises an oblong central panel. other panels
arranged in two successions of four respectively located beyond each
end of the said central panel, all these panels being jointed
integrally together by folding creases which are parallel to one
another and at right-angles to the longitudinal edges of the said
central panel and such blank being adapted to be folded up from the
said central panel to constitute two hollow arms of the cradle with
such central panel comprising said connecting portion between the arms
of the cradle whilst those two panels immediately adjacent said
central panel form the said outer walls of the arms, some of said
blank panels being furnished with marginal flaps in addition to those
flaps having locking means and provided on the central panel and on
the two panels adjacent to the latter.
11. A carrier for a fragile article, substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
12, A carrier according to Claim t), modified as described with
reference to and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
13. A blank for use in constructing a carrier for a fragile particle,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown
in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
14. Blanks for use in constructing a carrier for a fragile article.
substantially as