Prior's study finds that as media choice increases, it widens gaps in political knowledge and voter turnout between those who prefer news content and those who prefer entertainment. Those who like news can access more information to become more knowledgeable and vote at higher rates, while those preferring entertainment can more easily avoid news and therefore know less and vote less. This voluntary segmentation of the electorate into informed and uninformed groups has increased as people gain more control over their media diets.
It was a humble presentation we had today together ;narjes and i did our best to make sure that every body is acknowledged and satisfied...I honestly thank my teacher, partner and all my true freinds
Presentation about the article "Political Communication: old and new media relationships", by Michael Gurevitch, Stephen Coleman and Jay G. Blumler, presented during the Political Communication course, in my World Internet Studies Masters in ISCTE-IUL.
A theory of Media Politics was my Oral Presentation subject with Mouna Frikha at ISLG. It was a good performance and I got 18\20 which is a very excellent mark .I greatly appreciate anyone's help.
It was a humble presentation we had today together ;narjes and i did our best to make sure that every body is acknowledged and satisfied...I honestly thank my teacher, partner and all my true freinds
Presentation about the article "Political Communication: old and new media relationships", by Michael Gurevitch, Stephen Coleman and Jay G. Blumler, presented during the Political Communication course, in my World Internet Studies Masters in ISCTE-IUL.
A theory of Media Politics was my Oral Presentation subject with Mouna Frikha at ISLG. It was a good performance and I got 18\20 which is a very excellent mark .I greatly appreciate anyone's help.
This document is meant to help Sierra Leone researchers. students who want to conduct research on the efficacy of citizen journalism and social media in Sierra Leone.
Week 3Rational and Expressive Choice Rational Choice The.docxmelbruce90096
Week 3
Rational and Expressive Choice
Rational Choice Theory and the Rational Voter Model (P = B > C; or Participation or voter choice (P) = perceived benefits of participation or choice (B) > perceived costs of participation or choice (C)) became popular in the 1970s. Pursuant to this theory and model, voters decide whether to vote and which candidate to vote for on some rational basis, usually on the basis of which action gives them greater expected benefits. The model lends itself more than others to predicting what effects changes in external conditions will have on the vote. A major contribution of the model was to emphasize the role of issues in voter choice.
The paradox of participation calls into question this theoretical perspective. The paradox theorizes that the rational individual will not waste resources by bearing the costs of taking part in the voting process but will instead take a free ride on the efforts of others. This is known as the free rider problem. The problem is especially acute when the individual does not perceive their vote as being decisive to the election outcome.
Some have used rational choice theory to argue that those in a high socio-economic class would be less active “because they have the education and intellectual sophistication to comprehend the free-rider problem and because their high salaries raise the opportunity cost of participation” (Verba 1995, 284). The facts however suggest this hypothesis is false. In fact, strong empirical evidence demonstrates that those in a high socio-economic class are actually the most likely to be active.
Other rational choice proponents, including Anthony Downs, have argued that lower information and transaction costs for the well educated imply that it is actually easier for them to participate in politics. Verba (1995) notes “[t]his approach has the virtue of fitting the facts but seems somewhat post hoc” (284).
Overall, rational choice theory must be praised for its theoretical elegance. But, the theory has done a poor job of predicting political participation. More specifically, the theory has failed to predict how much political activity and who will take part.
Some have argued that expressive choice theory can provide a more compelling explanation of voter behavior. According to Schuessler in A Logic of Expressive Choice (2000), individuals do not necessarily participate in collective action in order to produce outcomes but instead often do so in order to express who they are by attaching themselves to such outcomes.
Because under Schuessler’s perspective the value of participation emerges not from the outcome but from the process of participation itself, the free-rider problem is no longer a concern. Participation therefore is not a form of investment but rather a form of consumption. Schuessler wrote, “Consumption benefits are inextricably tied to expression: the sports fan’s expression of team support is required for him to enjoy his.
The Relationship Between Mass Media and Politics.pdfBenedictCusack
In today's society, the role of mass media in politics is undeniable. Mass media has a significant impact on the way politics is conducted, from the way news is reported to the messages that are sent through social media. To comprehend the relationship between mass media and politics, it is crucial to understand its role. This blog post explores the effect of mass media on the way people think and communicate, and how it influences politics and our lives.
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do .docxalinainglis
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do you have in your organization?
· What is meant by the “internal processes” of a team? Why is it important to manage both the internal processes and external opportunities/constraints of a team?
Note: It should contain 3 pages with citation included and References should be in APA format
.
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slid.docxalinainglis
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slides illustrating the role in Interdisciplinary care for our aging population (Outcome 1,2,3,4,5) (6 hours).
Make sure it has nursing diagnosis
make sure it's a APA STYLE
make sure it has reference
.
More Related Content
Similar to 43News vs. Entertainment How Increasing Media Choice W.docx
This document is meant to help Sierra Leone researchers. students who want to conduct research on the efficacy of citizen journalism and social media in Sierra Leone.
Week 3Rational and Expressive Choice Rational Choice The.docxmelbruce90096
Week 3
Rational and Expressive Choice
Rational Choice Theory and the Rational Voter Model (P = B > C; or Participation or voter choice (P) = perceived benefits of participation or choice (B) > perceived costs of participation or choice (C)) became popular in the 1970s. Pursuant to this theory and model, voters decide whether to vote and which candidate to vote for on some rational basis, usually on the basis of which action gives them greater expected benefits. The model lends itself more than others to predicting what effects changes in external conditions will have on the vote. A major contribution of the model was to emphasize the role of issues in voter choice.
The paradox of participation calls into question this theoretical perspective. The paradox theorizes that the rational individual will not waste resources by bearing the costs of taking part in the voting process but will instead take a free ride on the efforts of others. This is known as the free rider problem. The problem is especially acute when the individual does not perceive their vote as being decisive to the election outcome.
Some have used rational choice theory to argue that those in a high socio-economic class would be less active “because they have the education and intellectual sophistication to comprehend the free-rider problem and because their high salaries raise the opportunity cost of participation” (Verba 1995, 284). The facts however suggest this hypothesis is false. In fact, strong empirical evidence demonstrates that those in a high socio-economic class are actually the most likely to be active.
Other rational choice proponents, including Anthony Downs, have argued that lower information and transaction costs for the well educated imply that it is actually easier for them to participate in politics. Verba (1995) notes “[t]his approach has the virtue of fitting the facts but seems somewhat post hoc” (284).
Overall, rational choice theory must be praised for its theoretical elegance. But, the theory has done a poor job of predicting political participation. More specifically, the theory has failed to predict how much political activity and who will take part.
Some have argued that expressive choice theory can provide a more compelling explanation of voter behavior. According to Schuessler in A Logic of Expressive Choice (2000), individuals do not necessarily participate in collective action in order to produce outcomes but instead often do so in order to express who they are by attaching themselves to such outcomes.
Because under Schuessler’s perspective the value of participation emerges not from the outcome but from the process of participation itself, the free-rider problem is no longer a concern. Participation therefore is not a form of investment but rather a form of consumption. Schuessler wrote, “Consumption benefits are inextricably tied to expression: the sports fan’s expression of team support is required for him to enjoy his.
The Relationship Between Mass Media and Politics.pdfBenedictCusack
In today's society, the role of mass media in politics is undeniable. Mass media has a significant impact on the way politics is conducted, from the way news is reported to the messages that are sent through social media. To comprehend the relationship between mass media and politics, it is crucial to understand its role. This blog post explores the effect of mass media on the way people think and communicate, and how it influences politics and our lives.
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do .docxalinainglis
· Present a discussion of what team is. What type(s) of team do you have in your organization?
· What is meant by the “internal processes” of a team? Why is it important to manage both the internal processes and external opportunities/constraints of a team?
Note: It should contain 3 pages with citation included and References should be in APA format
.
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slid.docxalinainglis
· Presentation of your project. Prepare a PowerPoint with 8 slides illustrating the role in Interdisciplinary care for our aging population (Outcome 1,2,3,4,5) (6 hours).
Make sure it has nursing diagnosis
make sure it's a APA STYLE
make sure it has reference
.
· Prepare a research proposal, mentioning a specific researchabl.docxalinainglis
· Prepare a research proposal, mentioning a specific researchable title, background, Review of literature, research questions and objectives, methodology, resources and references.
· Prepare the Gant Chart to indicate the timescale for completing the proposal
RESEARCH PROPOSAL OUTLINE
1. Title
2. Background (introduction)
3. Review of literature
4. Research Questions & objectives
5. Methodology
4.1 Research Design
4.2 Participants
4.3 Techniques
4.4 Ethical Considerations
6. Time scale (Gantt chart)
7. Resources
8. References
.
· Previous professional experiences that have had a profound.docxalinainglis
· Previous professional experiences that have had a profound effect:
Before I started college, my parents wanted me to excel in healthcare knowing its high demand. The path to health care and eventual employment in a notable hospital setting seemed less risky than the one of Art and design. A few networking events and some LinkedIn leads later I came across an opportunity to start a Biomedical Engineering startup in South Florida with two investors willing to mentor me in a field I wasn’t familiar with. Luckily this new venture I was undertaking had a somewhat speculative risk. I made sure they were mostly in my favor thanks to the connections my investors had in the industry, and my background in health care. My hard work and diligence paid off slowly teaching myself the mechanics of the industry through the engineers we would hire. I remember watching how they would calibrate medical devices from pumps to life-saving equipment in awe. And with the same tenacity absorbing all the medical jargon in the Biomed world. I was adamant about doing my best and being the best even if that meant leaving my creative dreams behind. We started the business almost four years ago as a small minority women-owned business in the corner of a business complex. Five biomedical engineers and six technicians later we are still scaling and have since expanded our office from that small corner to the entire business building. Currently, we are a nationally recognized Biomed and medical supply company for some of the largest healthcare facilities in both the civilian and government sector. Yet through out all the achievement I felt the only sense of raw passion was when I collaborated with my engineers in delivering problem solving services to the hospital we served. Their job was to service devices in a hospital at a micro level and I would bridge that gap by identifying problems and finding opportunities in product service at a large-scale. Working hand in hand with the engineers in articulating the hospital need for turnover I would use design through projective process in creating a plan that would work in the most practical sense.
This moment of free creative problem solving was the highlight of my job. It gave me an opportunity to realize that although at times my approach was unconventional it would work. My systematic methodology I had adapted from working with engineers and my innate out of the box idea would come to together to solve some of the most challenging issues. Little did I know that this minor stroke of self-awareness would one day have me consider architecture.
Your current strengths and weaknesses in reaching your goal.
I realized my creative talents in design could not flourish under the pressures of work. I would constantly leave the office feeling drained in a profession my heart was not set on. In this I learned my weakness was how far I was willing to neglect the urge for creativity, and in exchange it jeopardized my sense of purpos.
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-wor.docxalinainglis
· Please select ONE of the following questions and write a 200-word discussion.
1. The Federal Reserve Board has enormous power over people's lives with its power to set and influence policy that determines monetary policy in the United States. Do you think this is proper for a democracy to provide the FED with so such power? How is the FED held accountable?
2. Do you believe that the roles of government should change from era to era, or should the US determine the proper role of government and try to maintain it through the ages?
3. Explain Executive Power in the US Constitution and briefly the process by which it developed over the years. Do you think the Framers should have been more specific about the powers of the presidency? Should the country try to make it more specific today?
· Please read the discussions below and write a 100 to 150 words respond for each discussion.
1. (question 1) I do believe that this is proper for a democracy to provided such power to FED. Without the FED the economy would face two problem, which are recessions that can lead into depressions, and inflation. The FED needs to have power to endures the country will not fall into economic trouble. In class professor McWeeney stated that the FED has the power to increase interest rates to control inflation, and the power to decrease interest rates so that theres more money in the economy to create more business and jobs so there wont be a recession. The FED needs these power to try to put the economy in a sweet spot. The FED is held accountable to the government and public. The FED does this by being transparent and giving and annual report to congress.
2. (question 2) I believe that the roles of the government should be changed from era to era. My main reason the roles should be changed is because major changes are constantly happening in the field of law. For example, the progressive era and modern era had several economic reforms that had taken place including increased regulation, anti-trust activity, application of an income tax, raise on social insurance programs, etc. Throughout this time, the government gave women the right to vote. I believe the economy is growing rapidly due to employment relationships, better technology, education, new polices, social and economic changes. This is the reason why the roles of the government should be changed from era to era.
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skill sets we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure:
· Your writing is professional
· You avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically
· You give credit to others in your work
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Winter 2019
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
� Include page numbers.
� Use 1-inch margins.
� Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman.
· Please use Firefox for access to cronometer.com16 ye.docxalinainglis
· Please use
Firefox
for access to
cronometer.com
16 years old Female. Born on 01/05/2005. Height 5’4, 115 lbs
· Menu Analysis
DAY 2
Quesadilla
Fiesta beans
Salsa
Sour cream
Corn
Fruit
· Submit Screen Shot for Nutrient report for assignment menu(s)
§ Right click to use “Take a screenshot” feature (Firefox only) on specific date you want to have screen shot to save/obtain.
Nutrient Report and Food Intake
· The paper must include all required elements including
each
Cronometer, Excess, Deficit, and
G
roup
Summary of your nutrient report and food intake
Excess
:
· List
ALL
Nutrients that are
Over 100% (Except Amino Acids)
on Cronometer Nutrient report
· List
Food Items
on menu that may reflect excess nutrients on Cronometer Nutrient report
Deficit
:
· List
ALL
Nutrients that are
Less than 50% (Except Amino Acids)
on Cronometer Nutrient report
· List
Food Items
on menu that may reflect deficit nutrients on Cronometer Nutrient report
Summary
:
§ Summarize your overall in 1-2 paragraph, evaluation and conclusion of nutrients and food items on the menu.
.
· Please share theoretical explanations based on social, cultural an.docxalinainglis
· Please share theoretical explanations based on social, cultural and environmental factors, which may contribute to victimization from criminal behavior
· Based on your personal or professional experience share your thoughts on what coping mechanism (internal and external), and support processes can be considered if becoming a crime victim?
.
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching.docxalinainglis
· If we accept the fact that we may need to focus more on teaching civic responsibility, how can this work with both "policies and people" in the school where you become principal?
In order to increase the focus on teaching civic responsibility, policy must be in place supporting this goal. A school leader must be willing to invest time and funds into planning, training, and implementing curriculum that emphasizes civics. Staff members may have different levels of interest, understanding, and comfort when it comes to incorporating civic responsibility into their teaching, so providing professional development in this area would be critical. The strategic plan for integrating civic responsibility and the expectations for each teacher’s involvement should be clearly communicated. In addition to establishing these policies regarding civics education, the school leader and teachers must work to model civic responsibility. In addition to sharing his or her vision for increased focus on civics with the school staff, the school leader should work to share his or her vision with school board members, other district personnel including the superintendent, and the greater community. Lastly, school leaders need to support their staff as they take risks and work to develop and implement new activities, discussions, and projects centered around teaching civic responsibility.
· How will you lead your staff in this part of the curriculum?
In leading my staff in this part of the curriculum, I would work to secure professional development related to civic responsibility, as this is not an area that I have expertise in, and work as a staff to develop our vision and implementation goals. I would also provide examples such as the work of the exemplar schools described in the article in integrating civic responsibility across all content areas, implementing service-learning programs, and creating partnerships between the school and community. I would also work within PLTs to develop ways that civic responsibility could be incorporated within their curriculum and remind them that they have my support as they embark on this endea
Required Resources
Text
Baack, D. (2017). Organizational behavior (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://ashford.content.edu
· Chapter 8: Leadership
Articles
Austen, B. (2012, July 23). The story of Steve Jobs: An inspiration or a cautionary tale? (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.Wired. Retrieved fom http://www.wired.com/2012/07/ff_stevejobs/all/
Charan, R. (2006). Home Depot’s blueprint for culture change. Harvard Business Review. 84(4), 60-70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database
Grow, B., Foust, D., Thornton, E., Farzad, R., McGregor, J., & Zegal, S. (2007). Out at home depot (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Business Week.
Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-01-14/out-at-home-depot
Stark, A. (1993). What's the matter with business ethics? Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 38-48. .
· How many employees are working for youtotal of 5 employees .docxalinainglis
· How many employees are working for you?
total of 5 employees
· How did you get your idea or concept for the business?
· CLEAR is a reflection by transparency, manifest and understood, our product is new in the market, and it follows the international fashion style that suits every lady,
· A bag represents you, bags are women priority, and its something women can't go outside without, our bags differ by other bags is that its clear, which is the new form of fashion style, we also made customization on bags so it is a remarkable tool that can lead to higher profit through increased customer satisfaction and loyalty, although it brings for our small factory a lot of work, the good work pays off, we entered these industry because there are no locals designer in it and we started in2016 and hope to reach a global position.
· What do you look for in an employee? (the most important things)
- helping customers on their choice
-stylist
- team work spirit
- deciplant & committed to work ethics
- Good Communication skills
- Ability to manage the conflict
- Is the company socially responsible?
Yes , we try our best to make some of sell go for the charity and especially to help poor people get new clothes , we donate 5% yearly in our total sales .
· What made you choose your current location?
Main criterias for selecting current location :
1- Close to the residence areas , meliha road, near the university of Sharjah
2- Easy access to the visiting customers
3- Its in a big avenue that has many designers and clothing brands
4- Easy to pick up from the shop
5- Serve a big segmentation
· What are your responsibilities as a business owner?
the main responsibility of the Business owner is to maintain the successful of the business, but in order to achieve this have to do so many tasks like:
1- Hire and manage the staff
2- Oversees the financial status , weekly and monthly .
3- Create marketing plans of how the business will be in a year
4- Update the website and chick the system
5- Rent fees
6- Make sure how customers are satisfied by the product
7- Make sure about product quality and chick up
8- Maintain a healthy work environment
9- Develop and fine tune the business according to the market situation
· How do you motivate your employees?
We follow different methods for motivations
1- Personal appreciation for individuals for hard work or personal achievements
2- Kind words
3- Flexible working hours
4- Daily bonus if achieved the daily sales targets
5- Giving the new collection bags as a gift before dropping it to the market , it makes them feel appreciated and special
· Can you give me an example of any challenges or problems that you faced with your shop and employees?
Hiring the right employee is always challenge, last Ramadan we had a huge unread massage for eid orders as well, our customer started to get angry and write under the inestgram comments that there was no respond for online shopping , we struggl.
· How should the risks be prioritized· Who should do the priori.docxalinainglis
· How should the risks be prioritized?
· Who should do the prioritization of the project risks?
· How should project risks be monitored and controlled?
· Who should develop risk responses and contingency plans?
· Who should own these responses and plans?
Introduction
This week, we will explore risk management. Risk management is one of those areas in project management that separates good project managers from great project managers. A good project manager makes risk management an integral part of every phase of project work. Risks are identified, prioritized, and understood. There are clear responsibilities within the team as to whose is responsible for implementing a risk response to reduce the impact should it occur. So let's get started.
What is Risk?
*Risk: An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.
Risks can be positive, meaning beneficial to the project, or they can be negative, meaning detrimental to the project.
Many students have a difficult time visualizing positive risks. A positive risk is an opportunity that may increase the probability of success, the return on investment, or the benefits of the project. They may also be ways to reduce project costs or ways to complete the project early. There may even be methods to improve project quality or overall performance. These are all examples of positive risks.
A negative risk can be easier to understand. It is the possibility that something will go wrong, a threat to the success of the project. It is important to remember that a risk is a possibility, not a fact. It is a potential problem. At GettaByte Software, there is the potential that a power outage would occur during data transfer. The potential exists that a key resource could become unavailable due to some unforeseen circumstance, like illness. Those are threats to the success of the project.
When buying a house to renovate, there are potential risks with respect to plumbing, wiring, the foundation, and so on.
A project manager needs to consider trying to make positive risks happen while trying to prevent negative ones from occurring. To do this, a project manager can take a proactive approach to risk management. This means he or she plans a risk response should it look as though the risk will become a reality. In this way, everyone knows exactly how to prepare and respond to the risk once it does become an issue.
The Risk Management Process
A project has both good and bad risks, which are referred to as positive and negative risks or opportunities and threats. For positive risks or opportunities, the project manager can choose from a range of risk responses. For threats, a project manager has a similar range of choices. The following, as described in the PMBOK® Guide, are the risk management processes.
Plan Risk Management:
· Risk Strategy
· Defines the general approach to managing risk on the project
· Methodology
· Defines the specific, tools, .
· How does the distribution mechanism control the issues address.docxalinainglis
· How does the distribution mechanism control the issues addressed in Music and TV, when in regards to race/ethnicity?
· Determine who controls the distribution of Music and TV, when in regards to race/ethnicity?
· In what ways does the controller of distribution affect the shared experience of the audience and community? Keep in mind that a community may be local, regional, national, or global. Be specific in your discussion.
.
· Helen Petrakis Identifying Data Helen Petrakis is a 5.docxalinainglis
·
Helen Petrakis Identifying Data: Helen Petrakis is a 52-year-old, Caucasian female of Greek descent living in a four-bedroom house in Tarpon Springs, FL. Her family consists of her husband, John (60), son, Alec (27), daughter, Dmitra (23), and daughter Althima (18). John and Helen have been married for 30 years. They married in the Greek Orthodox Church and attend services weekly.
Presenting Problem: Helen reports feeling overwhelmed and “blue.” She was referred by a close friend who thought Helen would benefit from having a person who would listen. Although she is uncomfortable talking about her life with a stranger, Helen says that she decided to come for therapy because she worries about burdening friends with her troubles. John has been expressing his displeasure with meals at home, as Helen has been cooking less often and brings home takeout. Helen thinks she is inadequate as a wife. She states that she feels defeated; she describes an incident in which her son, Alec, expressed disappointment in her because she could not provide him with clean laundry. Helen reports feeling overwhelmed by her responsibilities and believes she can’t handle being a wife, mother, and caretaker any longer.
Family Dynamics: Helen describes her marriage as typical of a traditional Greek family. John, the breadwinner in the family, is successful in the souvenir shop in town. Helen voices a great deal of pride in her children. Dmitra is described as smart, beautiful, and hardworking. Althima is described as adorable and reliable. Helen shops, cooks, and cleans for the family, and John sees to yard care and maintaining the family’s cars. Helen believes the children are too busy to be expected to help around the house, knowing that is her role as wife and mother. John and Helen choose not to take money from their children for any room or board. The Petrakis family holds strong family bonds within a large and supportive Greek community.
Helen is the primary caretaker for Magda (John’s 81-year-old widowed mother), who lives in an apartment 30 minutes away. Until recently, Magda was self-sufficient, coming for weekly family dinners and driving herself shopping and to church. Six months ago, she fell and broke her hip and was also recently diagnosed with early signs of dementia. Helen and John hired a reliable and trusted woman temporarily to check in on Magda a couple of days each week. Helen would go and see Magda on the other days, sometimes twice in one day, depending on Magda’s needs. Helen would go food shopping for Magda, clean her home, pay her bills, and keep track of Magda’s medications. Since Helen thought she was unable to continue caretaking for both Magda and her husband and kids, she wanted the helper to come in more often, but John said they could not afford it. The money they now pay to the helper is coming out of the couple’s vacation savings. Caring for Magda makes Helen think she is failing as a wife and mother because she no longer ha.
· Global O365 Tenant Settings relevant to SPO, and recommended.docxalinainglis
· Global O365 Tenant Settings relevant to SPO, and recommended settings
Multi Factor Authentication
Sign In Page customization
External Sharing
· Global SPO settings and recommended settings
Manage External Sharing
Site Creation Settings
· Information Architecture and Hub Site Management
Site Structure
Create and manage Hub Site
· Site Administration
Create Sites
Delete Sites
Restored Deleted Sites
Manage Site Admins
Manage Site creation
Manage Site Storage limits
Change Site Address
· Managed Metadata (Term Store)
Introduction
Setup new term group sets
Create and manage Terms
Assign roles and permission to Manage term sets
· Search
Search Content
Search Center
Crawl Site content
Remove Search results
Search Results
Manage Search Query
Manage Query Rules
Manage Query Suggestion
Manage result sources
Manage search dictionaries
· Security (identity – internal / external, and authorization – management of platform level)
Control Access of Unmanaged devices
Control Access of Network location
Authentication
Safeguarding Data
Sign out inactive users
· Governance – e.g. labels, retention, etc.
Data Classification
Create and Manage labels
· Data loss prevention
· Create and Manage security policies
· Devices Security policies
· App permission policies
· Data Governance
· Retention Policies
· Monitoring and alerting
Create and Manage Alerts
Alert Policies
· SharePoint Migration Tool
Overview
· Operational tasks for managing the health of the environment, alerting, etc.
File Activity report
Site usage report
Message Center
Service Health
· Common issue resolution and FAQ
.
· Focus on the identified client within your chosen case.· Analy.docxalinainglis
· Focus on the identified client within your chosen case.
· Analyze the case using a systems approach, taking into consideration both family and community systems.
· Complete and submit the “Dissecting a Theory and Its Application to a Case Study” worksheet based on your analysis
Helen Petrakis Identifying Data: Helen Petrakis is a 52-year-old, Caucasian female of Greek descent living in a four-bedroom house in Tarpon Springs, FL. Her family consists of her husband, John (60), son, Alec (27), daughter, Dmitra (23), and daughter Althima (18). John and Helen have been married for 30 years. They married in the Greek Orthodox Church and attend services weekly.
Presenting Problem: Helen reports feeling overwhelmed and “blue.” She was referred by a close friend who thought Helen would benefit from having a person who would listen. Although she is uncomfortable talking about her life with a stranger, Helen says that she decided to come for therapy because she worries about burdening friends with her troubles. John has been expressing his displeasure with meals at home, as Helen has been cooking less often and brings home takeout. Helen thinks she is inadequate as a wife. She states that she feels defeated; she describes an incident in which her son, Alec, expressed disappointment in her because she could not provide him with clean laundry. Helen reports feeling overwhelmed by her responsibilities and believes she can’t handle being a wife, mother, and caretaker any longer.
Family Dynamics: Helen describes her marriage as typical of a traditional Greek family. John, the breadwinner in the family, is successful in the souvenir shop in town. Helen voices a great deal of pride in her children. Dmitra is described as smart, beautiful, and hardworking. Althima is described as adorable and reliable. Helen shops, cooks, and cleans for the family, and John sees to yard care and maintaining the family’s cars. Helen believes the children are too busy to be expected to help around the house, knowing that is her role as wife and mother. John and Helen choose not to take money from their children for any room or board. The Petrakis family holds strong family bonds within a large and supportive Greek community.
Helen is the primary caretaker for Magda (John’s 81-year-old widowed mother), who lives in an apartment 30 minutes away. Until recently, Magda was self-sufficient, coming for weekly family dinners and driving herself shopping and to church. Six months ago, she fell and broke her hip and was also recently diagnosed with early signs of dementia. Helen and John hired a reliable and trusted woman temporarily to check in on Magda a couple of days each week. Helen would go and see Magda on the other days, sometimes twice in one day, depending on Magda’s needs. Helen would go food shopping for Magda, clean her home, pay her bills, and keep track of Magda’s medications. Since Helen thought she was unable to continue caretaking for both Magda and her husba.
· Find current events regarding any issues in public health .docxalinainglis
·
Find current events
regarding any issues in public health Anything about infectious diseases ( Don not pick one disease, you have you dig more infectious diseases)
· These current events can be articles, news reports, outbreaks, videos.
· Type down brief 2 sentences describing the event (don’t copy paste title)
· You should have
at least 7 diseases in
total
· No Malaria disease events, please
.
· Explore and assess different remote access solutions.Assig.docxalinainglis
· Explore and assess different remote access solutions.
Assignment Requirements
Discuss with your peers which of the two remote access solutions, virtual private networks (VPNs) or hypertext transport protocol secure (HTTPS), you will rate as the best. You need to make a choice between the two remote access solutions based on the following features:
· Identification, authentication, and authorization
· Cost, scalability, reliability, and interoperability
.
· FASB ASC & GARS Login credentials LinkUser ID AAA51628Pas.docxalinainglis
· FASB ASC & GARS Login credentials
Link
User ID: AAA51628
Password: qc3A9WS
· FASB Codification Learning Guide
· COSO Login
User ID: aaa72751
Password: JhF3a2G
Copyright 2018 Governmental Accounting Standards Board
Foreword
This content collection contains all the original pronouncements that currently constitute the body of state and local governmental accounting and financial reporting standards and guidelines. Specifically, the content collection incorporates these pronouncements:
• Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statements, Interpretations, Concepts Statements, Technical Bulletins, and Implementation Guides issued through December 31, 2018
• National Council on Governmental Accounting (NCGA) Statements and Interpretations currently in force and NCGA Concepts Statement 1
• American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) 1974 Industry Audit Guide and related Statements of Position continued in force when the GASB began operations
• GASB Suggested Guidelines for Voluntary Reporting issued through December 31, 2018.
Unless otherwise noted, original pronouncements in this infobase are presented in their entirety, with the exception of appendices containing codification instructions, which have been omitted. Pronouncements may include one or more nonauthoritative sections. Authoritative guidance is presented in the main body of each pronouncement. Glossaries also are considered to be authoritative. All other appendices (for example, bases for conclusions and illustrations) and summaries are nonauthoritative. In addition, the entire Suggested Guidelines for Voluntary Reporting, SEA Performance Information, is nonauthoritative.
A status page at the beginning of each pronouncement identifies subsequent changes (amendments and supersessions) to the pronouncement as well as the source of those changes. The status page also identifies (a) other pronouncements affected by that pronouncement, (b) interpretive pronouncements clarifying that pronouncement, (c) the effective date, and (d) the principal sections of the GASB Codification of Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting Standards in which the pronouncement is incorporated.
Within each pronouncement, a shading technique is used to identify amended or superseded standards. All terms, sentences, and paragraphs that have been deleted or superseded by subsequent pronouncements are shaded. Sentences or paragraphs that have been amended by the addition of terms, sentences, or new footnotes are marked with a vertical solid bar ( | ) in the left margin alongside the amended material. When standards are amended or superseded, relevant nonauthoritative appendices are also modified to reflect those changes.
Appendix A is a reproduction of GASB Codification Appendix F, "Finding List of Original Pronouncements." It shows where each paragraph of each original pronouncement may be found in the Codification, or whether the paragraph contains.
· Due Sat. Sep. · Format Typed, double-spaced, sub.docxalinainglis
·
Due:
Sat. Sep.
·
Format
: Typed, double-spaced, submitted as a word-processing document.
12 point, text-weight font, 1-inch margins.
·
·
Length
: 850 - 1000 words (approx. 3-4 pages)
·
·
Overview
: In Unit 1 and Unit 2, we focused on ways that writers build ideas from personal memories and experiences into interesting narratives that convey significance and meaning to new audiences. In Unit 3, we have been discussing how writers invent ideas by interacting with other communities through firsthand observation and description. These relationships and discoveries can give writers insight into larger concepts or ideas that are valuable to specific communities. For this writing project, you will use firsthand observations and discoveries to write about people and the issues that are important to them. Your evidence will come from the details you observe as you investigate other people, places, and events.
Assignment
Write an ethnography essay focused on a particular group of people and the routines or practices that best reveal their unique significance as a group.
An ethnography is a written description of a particular cultural group or community. For the ethnography essay, you can follow the guidelines in the CEL, p. 110-112. Your ethnography should:
· Begin with your observations of a particular group. Plan to observe this group 2-3 times, so that you can get a better sense of their routines, habits, and practices.
o
Note: if you cannot travel to observe a group or community, plan to observe that community digitally through website documents, social media, and/or emails exchanged with group members.
· Convey insight into the characteristics that give the group unique significance.
· Provide context and background, including location, values, beliefs, histories, rituals, dialogue, and any other details that help convey the group's significance.
· Follow a deliberate organizational pattern that focuses on one or more insights about the group while also providing details and information about the group's culture and routine
As you look back over your observations and notes, remember that your essay should do more than simply relate details without any larger significance. Ethnographies also draw out the unique, interesting, and special qualities of a group or culture that help readers connect to their values or motivations. Note: Please keep in mind that writing in this class is public, and anything you write about may be shared with other students and instructors. Please only write about details that you are comfortable making public within our classroom community.
Assignment Components
In order to finish this project, we will work on the following parts together over the next few weeks:
Draft
: Include at least one pre-revised draft of your essay. The draft needs to meet the word count of 850 words and must also apply formatting requirements for the project—in other words it must be complete. Make sure that your.
· Expectations for Power Point Presentations in Units IV and V I.docxalinainglis
· Expectations for Power Point Presentations in Units IV and V
I would like to provide information about what needs to be included in presentations. Please review the rubric prior to submitting any assignment. If you don't know where to find this, please contact me.
1. You need a title slide.
2. You need an overview of the presentation slide (slide after the title slide). This is how you would organize a presentation if you were presenting it at work.
3. You need a summary slide (before the reference slide); same reason as above.
4. Please do not forget to cite on slides where you are writing about something related to what you have read. Please consider each slide a paragraph. You can cite on the slides or in the notes. If you do not cite, you will not get credit for the slide.
- Direct quotes should not be used in this presentation as they are not analysis.
5. Remember, all I can evaluate is what you submit, so please consider using notes to explain what you are writing in further detail. Bullets are great and you can use these but then provide more detail in the notes.
6. Graphics - Please include graphics/charts/graphs as this is evaluated in the rubric (quality of the presentation).
7. References - For all references, you need citations. For all citations, you need references. They must match. All must be formatted using APA requirements. Please review the Quick Reference Guide that was posted in the announcements.
Please never hesitate to email me with any questions. If you need further clarification about feedback or if you do not agree with any of the feedback, please contact me. My door is always open.
Learning Preferences of Millennials in a Knowledge-Based
Environment
Giora Hadar
University of Groningen (RuG), The Netherlands
[email protected]
Abstract: This paper discusses how understanding intergenerational knowledge transfer can improve knowledge transfer in
large organizations. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) risks significant loss of institutional human capital as huge
numbers of senior controllers retire. To perform their job, air traffic controllers must develop in-depth knowledge, including
tacit knowledge typically acquired over many years, so they can quickly make accurate decisions while dealing with the many
air traffic control (ATC) situations that arise. The only pool available to replace the retiring controllers is the Millennials. This
group, the best educated ever, has its own attitudes toward life, work, and training as well as technology use. Because
knowledge transfer and training involve both technology and human interaction, this paper explores not only the role of
technology but also that of intergenerational communications in both the training and operational environments of a highly
technical workplace.
Keywords: knowledge transfer, training, tacit knowledge, mentoring, mobile smart devices, communications
1. Introduction
Intergenerational knowledge transfe.
· Due Friday by 1159pmResearch Paper--IssueTopic Ce.docxalinainglis
·
Due
Friday by 11:59pm
Research Paper--
Issue/Topic:
Celebrity, Celebrity Culture and the effects on society
1500 or more words
MLA format
Must include research from
at least 4
scholarly sources (use HCC Library and GoogleScholar) I have attached 20 pdf with scholarly sources to choose from. 2 were provided from teacher Celebrity Culture Beneficial and The Culture of Celebrity. I have also attached a Word Document Research Paper Guide. Please read all the way to bottom more instructions at the bottom. Disregards Links and external cites those are the PDFs.
Celebrity
is a
popular cultural Links to an external site.
phenomenon surrounding a well-known person. Though many
celebritiesLinks to an external site.
became famous as a result of their achievements or experiences, a person who obtains celebrity status does not necessarily need to have accomplished anything significant beyond being widely recognized by the public. Some celebrities use their
fameLinks to an external site.
to reach the upper levels of social status. Popular celebrities can wield significant influence over their fans and followers. Cultural historian and film critic Neal Gabler has described the phenomenon of celebrity as a process similar to performance art in which the celebrity builds intrigue and allure by presenting a manufactured image to the public. This image is reinforced through
advertisingLinks to an external site.
endorsements, appearances at high-profile events, tabloid gossip, and
social mediaLinks to an external site.
presence.
In previous decades, celebrity status was mainly reserved for film stars,
televisionLinks to an external site.
personalities,
entertainersLinks to an external site.
, politicians, and
athletesLinks to an external site.
. Contemporary celebrities come from diverse fields ranging from astrophysics to auto mechanics, or they may simply be famous for their lifestyle or
InternetLinks to an external site.
antics. Social media platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, and Instagram provide the means for previously unknown individuals to cultivate a significant following.
Celebrification
is the process by which someone or something previously considered ordinary obtains stardom. Previously commonplace activities, such as practicing
vegetarianismLinks to an external site.
or wearing white t-shirts, can undergo celebrification when associated with a famous person or major event.
Celebrity culture
exists when stardom becomes a pervasive part of the social order,
commodified
as a commercial brand. Celebrities’ personal lives are recast as products for consumption, with a dedicated fan base demanding information and unlimited access to the celebrity’s thoughts and activities. A niche community such as a fan base can be monetized through effective marketing that links brand loyalty to the consumer’s identity. Fans may be more likely to purchase a product or attend an event if they feel that doing so strengthens their.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
43News vs. Entertainment How Increasing Media Choice W.docx
1. 43
"News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing
Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political
Knowledge and Turnout"
Markus Prior
Although everyone has contact with the government nearly
every day—attending
a public school, driving on public roads, using government-
regulated electricity, and
so on—few citizens have direct contact with the policymaking
process. Because of
this distance between the public and policymakers, the behavior
of intermediaries
between the government and the governed is a significant issue
in a democratic
polity. The media, in particular the news media, are among the
most significant of
these intermediaries that tell the people what the government is
doing and tell the
government what the people want.
In today's media environment, information is more abundant
than ever, Markus
Prior notes, yet participation and knowledge levels have
remained stagnant. Rather
than enhancing participatory democracy, as advocates of new
media suggest is
the norm, the onset of cable television and the Internet has
worsened information
2. and participation gaps between those individuals who like to
follow the news and
those who are more interested in entertainment. Prior argues
that the spread of
additional news choices, which sounds democratic, has had
nondemocratic effects.
Newshounds can dig ever deeper into the news, but other
members of the public are
increasingly able to ignore the news. Other critics have made a
similar argument
that new media tend to exacerbate public polarization because
readers, viewers, and
listeners gravitate to outlets presenting opinions they agree with
and ignore those
sources that would challenge their views.
The rise of new media has brought the question of audience
fragmenta-tion and selective exposure to the forefront of
scholarly and popular
debate. In one of the most widely discussed contributions to this
debate.
Sunstein has proposed that people's increasing ability to
customize their
political information will have a polarizing impact on
democracy as media
users become less likely to encounter information that
challenges their
partisan viewpoints. While this debate is far from settled/ the
issue which
precedes it is equally important and often sidestepped: as choice
between
different media content increases, who continues to access any
type of
political information? Cable television and the Internet have
increased
3. "News vs. Entertainment" 317
media choice so much in recent decades that many Americans
now live in
a high-choice media environment. As media choice increases,
the likeli-
hood of "chance encounters" with any political content declines
signifi-
cantly for many people. Greater choice allows politically
interested people
to access more information and increase their political
knowledge. Yet
those who prefer nonpolitical content can more easily escape
the news
and therefore pick up less political information than they used
to. In a
high-choice environment, lack of motivation, not lack of skills
or resources,
poses the main obstacle to a widely informed electorate.
As media choice increases, content preferences thus become the
key to
understanding political learning and participation. In a high-
choice envi-
ronment, politics constantly competes with entertainment. Until
recently,
the impact of content preferences was limited because media
users did not
enjoy much choice between different content. Television
quickly became
the most popular mass medium in history, but for decades the
networks'
scheduling ruled out situations in which viewers had to choose
4. between
entertainment and news. Largely unexposed to entertainment
competi-
tion, news had its place in the early evening and again before
the late-night
shows. Today, as both entertainment and news are available
around the
clock on numerous cable channels and web sites, people's
content prefer-
ences determine more of what those with cable or Internet
access watch,
read, and hear.
Distinguishing between people who like news and take
advantage of
additional information and people who prefer other media
content explains
a puzzling empirical finding: despite the spectacular rise in
available
political information, mean levels, of political knowledge in the
popula-
tion have essentially remained constant. Yet the fact that
average knowl-
edge levels did not change hides important trends: political
knowledge
has risen in some segments of the electorate, but declined in
others.
Greater media choice thus widens the "knowledge gap."
[Njumerous
studies have examined the diffusion of information in the
population and
the differences that emerge between more and less informed
individuals.
According to some of these studies, television works as a
"knowledge lev-
eler because it presents information in less cognitively
5. demanding ways.
To reconcile this effect with the hypothesis that more television
widens
the knowledge gap, it is necessary to distinguish the effect of
news expo-
sure from the effect of the medium itself. In the low-choice
broadcast envi-
ronment, access to the medium and exposure to news were
practically one
and the same, as less politically interested television viewers
had no choice
but to watch the news from time to time. As media choice
increases, expo-
sure to the news may continue to work as a "knowledge
leveler," but the
distribution of news exposure itself has become more unequal.
Access to
the medium no longer implies exposure to the news. Television
news nar-
rows the knowledge gap among its viewers. For the population
as a whole,
more channels widen the gap.
318 Markus Prior
The consequences of increasing media choice reach beyond a
less
equal distribution of political knowledge. Since political
knowledge is
an important predictor of turnout and since exposure to political
infor-
mation motivates turnout, the shift from a low-choice to a high-
choice
media environment implies changes in electoral participation as
6. well.
Those with a preference for news not only become more
knowledgeable,
but also vote at higher rates. Those with a stronger interest in
other media
content vote less.
This study casts doubt on the view that the socioeconomic
dimension of
the digital divide is the greatest obstacle to an informed and
participating
electorate. Many casual observers emphasize the great promise
new tech-
nologies hold for democracy. They deplore current
socioeconomic inequal-
ities in access to new media, but predict increasing political
knowledge
and participation among currently disadvantaged people once
these
inequalities have been overcome. This ignores that greater
media choice
leads to greater voluntary segmentation of the electorate. The
present study
suggests that gaps based on socioeconomic status will be
eclipsed by
preference-based gaps once access to new media becomes
cheaper and
more widely available. Gaps created by unequal distribution of
resources
and skills often emerged due to circumstances outside of
people's control.
The preference-based gaps documented in this article are self-
imposed as
many people abandon the news for entertainment simply
because they
like it better. Inequality in political knowledge and turnout
7. increases as a
result of voluntary, not circumstantial, consumption decisions.
♦ » îfr
Theory
The basic premise of this analysis is that people's media
environment
determines the extent to which their media use is governed by
content
preferences. According to theories of program choice, viewers
have prefer-
ences over program characteristics or program types and sélect
the pro-
gram that promises to be.st satisfy these preferences. The
simplest models
distinguish between preferences for information and
entertainment. In
the low-choice broadcast environment, most people watched
news and
learned about politics because they were reluctant to turn off
the set even
if the programs offered at the time did not match their
preferences. One
study conducted in the early 1970s showed that 40% of the
respondents
reported watching programs because they appeared on the
channel they
were already watching or because someone else wanted to see
them.
Audience research has proposed a two-stage model according to
which
people first decide to watch television and then pick the
available pro-
gram they like best. Klein aptly called this model the "Theory
of Least
8. Objectionable Program." If television viewers are routinely
"glued to the
box" and select the best available program, we can explain why
so many
News vs. Entertainment" 319
Americans watched television news in the 1960s and 70s despite
modest
political interest. Most television viewing in the broadcast era
did not
stem from a deliberate choice of a program, but rather was
determined by
convenience, availability of spare time and the decision to
spend that time
in front of the TV set. And since broadcast channels offered a
solid block
of news at the dinner hour and again after primetime, many
viewers were
routinely exposed to news even though they watched television
primarily
to be entertained.
Once exposed to television news, people learn about politics.
Although
a captive news audience does not exhibit the same political
interest as a
^self-selected one and therefore may not learn as much,
research on passive
^ learning suggests that even unmotivated exposure can produce
learning.
Hence, even broadcast viewers who prefer entertainment
programs absorb
9. at least basic political knowledge when they happen to tune in
when only
news is on.
I propose that such accidental exposure should become less
likely in
a high-choice environment because greater horizontal diversity
(the
number of genres available at any particular point in time)
increases the
chance that viewers will find content that matches their
preferences.
The impact of one's preferences increases, and "indiscriminate
viewing"
becomes less likely. Cable subscribers' channel repertoire (the
number of
frequently viewed channels) is not dramatically higher than that
of non-
subscribers, but their repertoire reflects a set of channels that
are more
closely related to their genre preferences. Two-stage viewing
behavior
thus predicts that news audiences should decrease as more
alternatives
are offered on other channels. Indeed, local news audiences tend
to be
smaller when competing entertainment programming is
scheduled. Baum
and Kernell show that cable subscribers, especially the less
informed
among them, are less likely to watch the presidential debates
than other-
wise similar individuals who receive only broadcast television.
Accord-
ing to my first hypothesis, the advent of cable TV increased the
knowledge
10. gap between people with a preference for news and people with
a prefer-
ence for other media content.
Internet access should contribute to an increasing knowledge
gap as
well. Although the two media are undoubtedly different in many
respects,
access to the Internet, like cable, makes media choice more
efficient. Yet,
while they both increase media users' content choice, cable TV
and the
Internet are not perfect substitutes for each other. Compared at
least to
dial-up Internet service, cable offers greater immediacy and
more visuals.
The web offers more detailed information and can be
customized to a
greater extent. Both media, in other words, have unique
features, and
access to both of them offers users the greatest flexibility. For
instance,
people with access to both media can watch a campaign speech
on cable and
then compare online how different newspapers cover the event.
Depend-
ing on their needs or the issue that interests them, they can
actively search
320 Markus Prior
a wealth of political information online or passively consume
cable poli-
tics. Hence, the effects of cable TV and Internet access should
11. be additive
and the knowledge gap largest among people with access to both
new
media.
There are several reasons why exposure to political information
increases the likelihood that an individual will cast a vote on
election
day. Exposure increases political knowledge, which in turn
increases
turnout because people know where, how, and for whom to vote.
Fur-
thermore, knowledgeable people are more likely to perceive
differences
between candidates and thus less likely to abstain due to
indifference.
Independent of learning effects, exposure to political
information on cable
news and political web sites is likely to increase people's
campaign inter-
est. Interest, in turn, affects turnout even when one controls for
political
knowledge. Entertainment fans with a cable box or Internet
connection,
on the other hand, will miss both the interest- and the
information-based
effect of broadcast news on turnout. My second hypothesis thus
predicts
a widening turnout gap in the current environment, as people
who prefer
news vote at higher rates and those with other preferences
increasingly
stay home from the polls.
♦ ♦ *
12. Conclusion
When speculating about the political implications of new media,
pundits
and scholars tend to either praise the likely benefits for
democracy in the
digital age or dwell on the dangers. The optimists claim that the
greater
availability of political information will lead more people to
learn more
about politics and increase their involvement in the political
process. The
pessimists fear that new media will make people apolitical and
provide
mind-numbing entertainment that keeps citizens from fulfilling
their
democratic responsibilities. These two predictions are often
presented /
as mutually exclusive. Things will either spiral upwards or
spiral down-
wards; the circle is either virtuous or vicious. The analyses
presented here
show that both are true. New media do indeed increase political
knowl-
edge and involvement in the electoral process among some
people, just as
the optimists predict. Yet, the evidence supports the pessimists'
scenario
as well. Other people take advantage of greater choice and tune
out of
politics completely. Those with a preference for entertainment,
once they
gain access to new media, become less knowledgeable about
politics and
less likely to vote. People's media content preferences become
the key to
understanding the political implications of new media.
13. * * *
The decline in the size of news audiences over the last three
decades
has been identified as cause for concern by many observers who
have
"News vs. Entertainment" 321
generally interpreted it as a sign of waning political interest and
a disap-
pearing sense of civic duty. Yet changes in available content
can affect
news consumption and learning even in the absence of
preference changes.
People's media use may change in a modified media
environment, even if
their preferences (or political interest or sense of civic duty)
remain con-
stant. By this logic, the decreasing size of the news audience is
not neces-
sarily an indication of reduced political interest. Interest in
politics may
simply never have been as high as audience shares for evening
news sug-
gested. A combined market share for the three network
newscasts of
almost 90% takes on a different meaning if one considers that
people had
hardly any viewing alternatives. It was "politics by default," not
politics
by choice. Even the mediocre levels of political knowledge
during the
14. broadcast era, in other words, were partly a result of de facto
restrictions
of people's freedom to choose their preferred media content.
Ironically, we might have to pin our hopes of creating a
reasonably
evenly informed electorate on that reviled form of
communication, politi-
cal advertising. Large segments of the electorate in a high-
choice environ-
ment do not voluntarily watch, read, or listen to political
information.
Their greatest chance for encounters with the political world
occurs when
commercials are inserted into their regular entertainment diet.
And expo-
sure to political ads can increase viewers' political knowledge.
At least for
the time being, before recording services like TiVo, which
automatically
skip the commercial breaks, or subscriber-financed premium
cable chan-
nels without advertising become more widespread, political
advertising
is more likely than news coverage to reach these viewers.
It might seem counterintuitive that political knowledge has
decreased
for a substantial portion of the electorate even though the
amount of
political information has multiplied and is more readily
available than
ever before. The share of politically uninformed people has
risen since we
entered the so-called "information age." Television as a medium
has often
15. been denigrated as "dumb," but, helped by the features of the
broadcast
environment, it may have been more successful in reaching less
interested
segments of the population than the "encyclopedic" Internet. In
contrast to
the view that politics is simply too difficult and complex to
understand,
this study shows that motivation, not ability, is the main
obstacle that
stands between an abundance of political information and a
well- and
evenly informed public.
When differences in political knowledge and turnout arise from
ine-
quality in the distribution of resources and skills,
recommendations for
how to help the information have-nots are generally
uncontroversial. To
the extent that knowledge and turnout gaps in the new media
environ-
ment arise from voluntary consumption decisions,
recommendations
for how to narrow them, or whether to narrow them at all,
become more
contestable on normative grounds. As [Anthony] Downs
remarked a
long time ago, "[t]he loss of freedom involved in forcing people
to acquire
322 Markus Prior
information would probably far outweigh the benefits to be
16. gained from a
better-informed electorate." Even if a consensus emerged to
reduce media
choice for the public good, it would still be technically
impossible, even
temporarily, to put the genie back in the bottle. Avoiding
politics will
never again be as difficult as it was in the "golden age" of
television.
* * *
Discussion Questions
1. Are you concerned by the findings in Prior's study? If not,
why not?
If you are, can you think of any way to overcome the problem
he has
identified?
2. What lessons should public officials take from Prior's study?
Should
they pay less attention to public opinion because of the gaps in
information and interest among members of the public?
3. Do you think the sharing of news and information through
social
media such as Twitter and Facebook exacerbates or diminishes
the
trends identified by Prior?
U.S. Imposes New Tariffs, Ramping Up ‘America First’ Trade
Policy
17. The Trump administration said new barriers on solar panels and
washing machines are
aimed at protecting domestic production from cheap imports
By Jacob M. Schlesinger and Erin Ailworth
Updated Jan. 22, 2018 10:26 p.m. ET
WASHINGTON—President Donald Trump slapped steep tariffs
on imports of solar panels
and washing machines, kicking off his second year in office by
showing he is ready to start
implementing his long-promised “America First” trade policy.
The moves were announced Monday in response to U.S.
industry pleas for relief from a
recent flood of cheap imports and are the first of what
administration officials said would be
a series of trade-enforcement actions in the coming months.
The tariffs are aimed mainly at Asian manufacturers—Chinese
makers of solar panels
and South Korean producers of washing machines. But the
administration announced few
exceptions for any countries, indicating a willingness to impose
comprehensive new protec-
tive policies for U.S. companies against global competition. The
new curbs also would affect
trading partners from Mexico and Canada to Europe.
“The president’s action makes clear again that the Trump
administration will always de-
fendAmericanworkers, farmers, ranchers, andbusinesses,”
U.S.TradeRepresentativeRobert
Lighthizer said in a statement.
18. The president plans to hold a signing ceremony of the measures
in the Oval Office Tues-
day, publicly touting his newly muscular trade-enforcement
policy three days before he plans
to explain that approach to a skeptical audience at the World
Economic Forum in Davos,
Switzerland.
Specifically, the administration said it would impose tariffs on
washing machines at a
rate of up to 50%, with the rates phasing out over the next few
years. The tariffs would be
combined with quotas. Tariffs on solar modules would be as
high as 30%, and also would
phase out over time.
The solar petition was filed by Suniva Inc. and SolarWorld
Americas Inc., two embattled
solar panel makers with operations in the U.S. that have filed
for bankruptcy protection.
The washing machine petition was filed by Whirlpool Corp. ,
which is locked in a tough
competitive fight with Samsung Electronics Co. and LG
Electronics Inc., both of South Ko-
rea. Whirlpool’s stock rose 3% in after-hours trading in
response to the move, which was
announced after U.S. markets closed.
The actions drew criticism from free-market economists
warning of new costs to con-
sumers and the dangers of trade wars. But it drew praise from
some Democrats normally
critical of the president, showing the potential of the new
Trump trade policy to scramble the
political landscape this year.
19. “I applaud the administration for this strong relief,” said Ohio
Democratic Sen. Sherrod
Brown, who faces a tough re-election fight in a hard-hit
manufacturing state that Mr. Trump
carried in the 2016 election.
Some of Mr. Trump’s fellow Republicans weren’t as sanguine.
“Here’s something Repub-
licans used to understand: Tariffs are taxes on families,”
Nebraska GOP Sen. Ben Sasse said
in a statement.
Trading partners were quick to complain. China’s Commerce
Ministry blasted the tariffs
as an “abuse of trade remedy measures.” The Mexican
government said it will use “all legal
resources at its disposal” in response.
1
Mr. Trump has long promised to pursue a harder trade line by
dusting off little-used trade laws that had largely been avoided
by his predecessors, especially since the 1995 creation of the
World Trade Organization, whose goal has been to discourage
such unilateral actions by nations.
The Trump administration is imposing the new barriers under
a 1974 trade law that permits companies to seek relief if they
can prove “serious injury” from a sudden surge in imports. That
“safeguard” law was last invoked by the George W. Bush
admin-
istration in 2002 to protect steelmakers, but it later removed
thesteeltariffsaftertheWorldTradeOrganizationdeemedthem
improper.
20. No president has considered such protections since then. Now
the Trump administration has taken up two “safeguard” cases,
andwiththepresidentapprovingnewtariffsinbothcases, more
industries are expect to follow in seeking similar relief.
In addition, the administration is weighing new protections for
the steel and aluminum industries in the name of national secu-
rity, invoking a law that hasn’t been used since the 1980s. Deci-
sions are expected by April.
Officials also are expected to announce soon recommendations
for potential sanctions against China in retaliation for allegedly
forcing U.S. companies to turn over valuable intellectual prop-
erty.
Indeed, administration officials say that there will be a much
greaterfocusthisyearonattackingBeijing’sgovernment-steered
trade policy, and the $300-billion-plus annual U.S. trade deficit
with China.
While Mr. Trump had been extremely critical of Chinese trade
policy during the presidential campaign, he largely held back
from taking action last year, in part because he was seeking co-
operation in reining in North Korea’s nuclear arms program.
“If you look at solar closely, you have a clear example of
Chinese
industrial policy propping up an industry, creating excess ca-
pacity in an industry, there being significant harm to the United
States and globally as well,” a White House trade official told
re-
porters. “We need to figure out how to deal with that, not just
for the solar industry, but for a lot of different industries where
you’re going to see the same playbook trotted out.”
Both the washing machine and solar actions are likely to face a
challenge from trading partners before the WTO. Since the or-
ganization’s creation, the U.S. has invoked the safeguard law
six
times. Each action has been taken to the trade courts in Geneva,
which often have deemed them improper.
21. South Korean Trade Minister Kim Hyun-Chong said at a
meeting with local business and
industry leaders in Seoul Tuesday he would file a complaint
against the latest “protectionist”
and “unfair” U.S. safeguard measures to the WTO.
Under the trade rules invoked by the Trump administration
Monday—Section 201 of the
1974 trade act—Suniva, SolarWorld, and Whirlpool first needed
to get approval from the
independent U.S. International Trade Commission to declare
that they qualified for safeguard
relief.
The four-member panel voted unanimously in both cases to
support the petitions, and
then recommended to the White House late last year that it
impose some form of protection
2
for the domestic industry. The Monday announcement came
days before the White House
faced a legal deadline to respond to the ITC recommendation.
In anticipation of the Trump move, foreign makers of both
washers and solar panels
ramped up exports to the U.S. at the end of 2017 to get ahead of
the barriers, and consumers
could now see a sudden drop in supply.
The remedies imposed by the administration fell short of
requests from the solar and
washing-machine makers, which had both sought steeper tariffs.
22. But both groups praised
Mr. Trump for his actions. Suniva thanked the Trump
administration “for holding China and
its proxies accountable.”
“Today the president is sending a message that American
innovation and manufacturing
will not be bullied out of existence without a fight,” the
company said.
Whirlpool Chairman Jeff M. Fettig issued a statement thanking
the Trump administration
and calling the washing machine decision “a victory for
American workers and consumers
alike.”
U.S. solar-panel installers, who have benefited from the surge
of cheap imports, attacked
the decision.
Ed Fenster, co-founder and executive chairman of Sunrun Inc., a
solar installer based in
California, called on “states with huge solar workforces, from
South Carolina to California” to
“step up to overcome this federal headwind” with offsetting
policies.
The Solar Energy Industries Association, a group that represents
installers and others
acrossthesolarindustry, andwhichopposedtheprotectionpetition,
estimatesthatthetariffs
imposed by the Trump administration will cost 23,000 jobs this
year and result in the delay
or cancellation of billions of dollars in solar investments. “They
will create a crisis in a part of
our economy that has been thriving,” said Abigail Ross Hopper,
23. president of the association.
South Korea’s LG Electronics Inc., in a statement, said it was
“very disappointed in this
misguided decision,” adding that; “this is a textbook case about
how certain companies can
game the process to use trade laws to try to accomplish what
they can’t accomplish in the
marketplace.”
In both the solar and washing machine cases, the U.S. industry
had earlier won protection
from imports under more commonly used trade laws designed to
offer protection against
goods that are improperly subsidized, or “dumped”—sold
unfairly below cost.
Butinbothcases,
theysaidthatforeignrivalssimplyshiftedproductiontoothercountrie
s
toavoidthetariffs,
promptingthedemandstheTrumpadministrationprovidebigger,
blunter
trade protections provided under the safeguard law.
—Andrew Tangel contributed to this article.
Write to Jacob M. Schlesinger at [email protected] and Erin
Ailworth at Erin.Ail-
[email protected]
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