The document outlines the implementation of enterprise excellence policies and strategies, detailing project management frameworks, decision processes, and the application of the scientific method in project execution. It highlights the importance of crime analysis technology in combating rising crime rates and enhancing law enforcement efficiency, as well as discussing state-corporate crimes and globalization's impact on economic inequality. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of financial institutions like the World Bank in facilitating crimes through regulatory failures and the complexities surrounding financial misconduct.

1. 4.1
Updated April-09
Lecture Notes
Chapter 4
Enterprise Excellence
Implementation
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE
4.2
Updated April-09
Learning Objectives
• Management & Operations Plans
• Enterprise Excellence Projects
• Enterprise Excellence Project decision Process
• Planning the Enterprise Excellence Project
• Tollgate Reviews
• Project Notebook

2. 4.3
Updated April-09
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS PLANS
• The scope and complexity of the
implementation projects will vary from the
executive level, to the management level, to
the operational level
• Each plan, as it is developed and deployed,
will include projects to be accomplished
• Conflicts typically will occur amongst
requirements of quality, cost, and schedule
when executing a project
4.4
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECTS
• An Enterprise Excellence project will be one of three
types:
1. Technology invention or innovation
2. New product, service, or process development

3. 3. Product, service, or process improvement
• Enterprise Excellence uses the scientific method
• The scientific method is a process of organizing
empirical facts and their interrelationships in a
manner that allows a hypothesis to be developed and
tested
4.5
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECTS
• The scientific method consists of the
following steps:
1. Observe and describe the situation
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Use the hypothesis to predict results
4. Perform controlled tests to confirm the hypothesis
4.6
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECTS

4. • Figure 4.1 shows the project decision process
4.7
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECT
DECISION PROCESS
• Inventing/Innovating Technology:
ng
system engineering
parameters and responses to be quickly transferred
into now products, services, and processes
-phase process (I2DOV):
Invention & Innovation – Develop – Optimize – Verify
4.8
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECT
DECISION PROCESS
• Development of Products, Services, and
Processes

5. products, services, and processes is the Design for
Lean Six Sigma strategy.
requirements and expectations into the product
and/or service.
– Design – Optimize - Verify (CDOV) is a
specific sequential design & development process
used to execute the design strategy.
4.9
Updated April-09
ENTERPRISE EXCELLENCE PROJECT
DECISION PROCESS
• Improving Products, Services, and Processes:
involves the effectiveness and efficiency of operations.
all of its customer requirements.
right things the first time and every time."
t things
faster and with less resources."

6. – Measure - Analyze-
Improve - Control.
4.10
Updated April-09
PLANNING THE ENTERPRISE
EXCELLENCE PROJECT
• The work
breakdown
structure (WBS)
is a powerful tool
for breaking a
task into
subtasks.
• WBS translates
the deliverables,
constraints, and
scope into a
detailed project
plan.
4.11
Updated April-09
PLANNING THE ENTERPRISE

7. EXCELLENCE PROJECT
• Scheduling is deciding when work will be performed,
and when it will be completed:
• There are three basic tools for scheduling:
stone charts
4.12
Updated April-09
Cost Estimating and Budgeting
• When the cost estimate is combined with the project
schedule, the project manager can monitor the
progress of the project with enough information to be
able to optimally control the project and develop cost
forecasting.
• When preparing the cost estimate, review the
following:

8. 4.13
Updated April-09
TOLLGATE REVIEWS
• A tollgate is a formal review and progress report that
an Enterprise Excellence project must pass through in
order to proceed to the next phase.
• It is recommended that a tollgate review presentation
takes no more than 20 minutes, followed by 30 to 40
minutes for questions and answers.
• Topics during a tollgate review include:
(e.g.,
technical roadblocks or resource allocation issues)

9. 4.14
Updated April-09
PROJECT NOTEBOOK
• The project book is a valuable
tool for recording and
maintaining up-to-date
information regarding the
project.
• It can facilitate project
management and fact based
program decisions, by providing
ready reference and a repository
of project status and data.
• It provides for easy retrieval of
information in ad hoc situations.
• Use your detailed and
chronological project book
throughout the life of your
project.
• The contents of the project book
needs to include ---
4.15
Updated April-09

10. • In this chapter, we have learned the following:
Wrap-up
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS
1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
5
Crime Analysis Technology

11. Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic
analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns
and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law
enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively
deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner,
which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime
analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at
solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the
current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the
right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in
the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by
USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne &
Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has
majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential
to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the
increased crime rates. With the current advancement in
technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has
enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All
this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who
have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law
enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke,
2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime
analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes.
Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to
make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in
predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to
effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting
Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has
enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the

12. previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe
crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law
enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as
when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime
analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an
increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey
done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for
every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the
use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive
effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can
identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis:
Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other
sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets,
databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use
data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis
has had many positive impacts in different areas, which
includes robberies and arsons with pattern examining as well as
reviewing events sequence (Santos, 2012).
Use crime analysis technology is very useful in fighting
terrorism activities through analysis of previous crimes and thus
predicting any intended cyber-attacks. One of the most
important federal agency mandated to deal with terrorist
activity is the FBI. Therefore, be essential to implementing the
initiative to the FBI agent. FBI is a U.S. domestic security and
intelligence service. The FBI operates under the United States
department of justice jurisdiction and usually reports to the
director of national intelligence and attorney general. FBI is the
United States leading organization when it comes to matters
aimed at countering terrorist activities as well as investigation
of criminal activities. The FBI formed in 1908, the organization
currently has about 35,204 employees and its headquarters are
in Washington, D.C. Having being involved in both law
enforcing responsibilities as well as intelligence, the FBI is
unique as it has dual responsibilities and thus significant agency
in the U.S. Some of the vital roles includes ensuring the United

13. States has protection from terrorist activities as well as foreign
threat activities. In addition, it mandates upholding and
enforcing criminal laws of the U.S. as well as providing
criminal justice services and leadership to both federal, state,
international agencies as well as municipal. Implementing a
better law enforcement initiative in the FBI is therefore very
important, as it will strengthen the ability of the FBI when it
comes to dealing with the terrorist as well as ensuring the
nation has protection from other foreign threats. To ensure the
success of the initiative, most of the stakeholders will be
technological companies. Technological companies will ensure
the success of the action reaches achievement. The target
audience will be the leaders of the FBI agents, as this will
ensure that the information reaches the rest of the FBI
fraternity.
References
Crime Analysis and Patterns. (n.d.). The International Crime
Drop. doi:10.1057/9781137291462.0014
Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data. (2017, June 12).
Retrieved from
https://www.floridatechonline.com/blog/criminal-justice/crime-
analysis-fighting-crime-with-data/
Crime Analysts Fight Crime From Behind a Keyboard. (2019,
July 29). Retrieved from

14. https://online.campbellsville.edu/criminal-justice/crime-
analysts/
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): History, Role & Purpose.
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/federal-bureau-of-
investigation-fbi-history-role-purpose.html
Osborne, D., & Wernicke, S. (2013). Introduction to Crime
Analysis: Basic Resources for Criminal Justice Practice.
London, England: Routledge.
Santos, R. B. (2012). Crime Analysis With Crime Mapping.
SAGE.
The United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). The
FBI Story.
WHITE COLLAR CRIME IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
4TH ED.
CHAPTER 6
STATE-CORPORATE CRIME,
CRIMES OF GLOBALIZATION,
AND FINANCE CRIME
Trusted Criminals
Designed by: Jordan Land, M.S.
State-Corporate CrimeMuch illegal governmental activity has
connections with private enterprise
Many linkages exist among the “power elites”
State-corporate crimes are illegal or socially injurious actions

15. that occur when one or more institution of political governance
pursues a goal in direct cooperation with one or more
institutions of economic production and distribution
State-Corporate CrimeA theory of state-corporate crime focuses
on how state and corporate managers engage in cooperative
endeavors that “result in death, injury, ill health, financial loss,
and cultural destruction, all while being insulated from the full
weight of criminalization for these actions”
This concept has been applied to industrial fires, nuclear
weapons production, oil spills, treaty violations, and pre-
emptive war
State-Corporate CrimeThe U.S. government has been involved
in the overthrowing of regimes in various countries around the
worldBecause transnational corporations have used their
influence to promote such regime change when a government in
some country has been viewed as threatening the interest of
such corporations
Environmental crimes committed in conjunction with U.S.
nuclear weapons production are a form of state-corporate crime
because they are a collective product of interaction between a
government agency and private corporations
State-Corporate CrimeState-corporate crime reflects the
fulfillment of mutually agreed-on objectives of a public agency
and a private entity achieved through cooperative illegal
activity
The concept of state-corporate crime compels us to recognize
that some major forms of organizational crime cannot be easily

16. classified as either corporate or governmental and that these
cross-organizational forms of crime may be especially potent
and pernicious
Crime of GlobalizationSutherland’s classic White Collar Crime
made little reference to illegal corporate or business activity of
an international scope
If we accept the premise that we live in an increasingly
globalized world, we must also focus on the global character of
some white collar crime, as some criminologists recognize
Crime of GlobalizationThe anti-globalization movement
contends that large-scale crimes are being carried out in the
name of globalization
The U.S. was a strong supporter of the North American Free
Trade Agreement in 1993
The U.S. has also promoted global free trade, but has been
accused of causing harm to farmers, merchants, and consumers
in many countries when it protects its own interests against free
trade
Crime of GlobalizationInternational financial institutions such
as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are
alleged to be complicit in major crimes against large numbers of
people in developing countriesCrimes of globalization are
consequences of policy decisions of high-level officials of
major financial institutions and government agencies who are
attempting to realize positive outcomesGlobalization refers to
the dramatic compression of time and space across the globe

17. Crime of GlobalizationGlobalization contributes to an overall
increase in economic inequality, fostering poverty and
unemployment for many
It has been characterized as a new form of the ancient practice
of colonization
Globalization clearly has many different dimensions
The Role of the World Bank in a Global EconomyThe
international financial institutions that play such a central role
in contemporary globalization have become prime targets of
criticism for their policies and practicesIn a rapidly changing
global economy, the roles of the international financial
institutions have been increasingly questionedThese institutions
have many ties with each other, and the lines of demarcation
between their activities can become blurred
The World Bank and Crimes of GlobalizationThe World Bank
has been characterized as paternalistic, secretive and
counterproductive in terms of its claimed goals of improving
people’s lives
Critics claim that many less-developed countries that received
World Bank loans are worse off today in terms of poverty and
that the severe austerity measures imposed on borrowing
countries, deemed necessary to maximize the chances of bank
loans being repaid, impact the poorest and most vulnerable
citizens most heavily
The World Bank and Crimes of GlobalizationAt a World Bank

18. meeting in Berlin in 1988, protesters called for the
establishment of a Permanent People’s Tribunal to try the World
Bank for “crimes against humanity”The World Bank complicity
in these allegations is best understood in terms of the Bank’s
criminogenic structure and organizationThe World Bank does
not set out to do harm, but its mode of operation is intrinsically
criminogenic and it functions undemocratically
The World Bank and Crimes of GlobalizationThe World Bank is
at a minimum criminally negligent when it:
Fails to adequately explore or take into account the impact of its
loans for major projects on indigenous peoples
Adopts and implements policies specifically at odds with the
protocols of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
subsequent covenants
Operates in a manner at least hypothetically at odds with both
international law and state law
Finance CrimeFinance crime refers to large-scale illegality that
occurs in the world of finance and financial institutionsFinance
crime may be committed on behalf of major financial
institutions, such as banks, or for the benefit of individuals
occupying financially privileged statuses, such as investment
bankersIn the final years of the first decade of the 21st century,
the American economy and the world of high finance was in a
state of crisis
Finance Crime
In the fall of 2008, the passage of a divided Congress “bailout”
bill and the dramatic drops in the stock market, the financial

19. crisis was widely characterized as the most serious since the
Great Depression
This crisis occurred in the wake of several decades of high
finance playing a central role in the production of vast wealth
with deregulation, globalization, and technological innovation
Banking/Thrifts Crime:
The Savings & Loan MessThe critical importance of banks to
the economy and the catastrophic financial consequences of
bank failures led to the creation of a large regulatory structure
intended to oversee police banking operations
Banks from their earliest days have engaged in fraudulent
activitiesIn 1999, a bank pleaded guilty to federal criminal
charges in connection with shifting unclaimed checks and
credits of customers into its own accounts
Banking/Thrifts Crime:
The Savings & Loan MessSome alleged practices involving
credit cards do violate lawsIn the recent past, the federal
government filed antitrust charges against Visa and MasterCard
for restricting banks from offering competitors’ cardsWhen
people need loans, they often turn to banksThe largest loan most
people will get is in connection with a purchase of a home or
refinancing
Banking/Thrifts Crime:
The Savings & Loan MessBanks have also been implicated in a

20. wide range of specifically illegal acts intended to enhance their
profitability, including bribery, money laundering, tax evasion,
and investment-related fraud
Money laundering has been described as the criminal practice of
taking ill-gotten gains and moving them through a sequence of
bank accounts so they look like legitimate profits from legal
businesses
The S & L FraudsSavings and Loan (S & L) was characterized
at the time in the 1980s as the “biggest bank robbery” everThe
S & L failures can hardly be attributed to criminal conduct
alone, but such conduct clearly played an important roleBeyond
such immediate victims and long-term costs to taxpayers, the S
& L frauds:Added to the national deficitDeflected billions of
dollars that might have been spent on education, health care,
and environmental projectsLimited credit available to legitimate
borrowers who paid higher rates for loans
The S & L FraudsIn the 1970s, the rapid inflationary rise in the
cost of living made the low, fixed interest rates paid by the
S & Ls increasingly unappealing to depositors and rendered
the higher but still relatively modest interest earned on
mortgages increasingly unprofitableThrifts deregulation took
place over a period of time, culminating in the 1982 Garn-St.
Germain ActThis new level of deposit insurance played a key
role in bringing about the S & L debacle
The S & L FraudsThe various illegalities in the S & L frauds
included:Unlawful risk taking, looting and covering upUnlawful
risk taking refers to exceeding the practices legally available to

21. the S & Ls, even in the deregulated 1980sDeregulation produced
a criminogenic environment that was bound to escalate the level
of illegal activityFinally, the S & Ls engaged in massive
deceptions to conceal their fraudulent activities from outside
examiners
Fraud and the S & L Bailout
In 1989, it was widely recognized that a massive bailout of the
S & Ls was necessary
A new agency, the Resolution Trust Corporation, was
established to sell the assets of hundreds of failed thrifts
The Criminal Justice Response to S & L FraudInvestigating and
successfully prosecuting S & L crimes proved difficultThe
crimes were highly complex, and the line separating outright
fraud from bad business judgment or mismanagement is not
always well definedMost of those convicted in S & L cases were
minor playersIn cases involving millions of dollars, only
probation and modest fines were imposed
Insider TradingInsider trading is a quintessential form of white
collar crime
Violation of trust may be a principle attribute of all white collar
crime, bust such violation virtually defines insider trading
Many other cases of insider trading involve individuals of more
moderate means simply looking for a quick profit on an
investment or to avoid losing money

22. Insider TradingIndividuals with privileged information have
always made investment and trading decisions on the basis of
such information
Prohibitions on insider trading originated principally with the
advent of federal securities laws
Although no specific statutory definition of insider trading
exists, SEC regulations and judicial opinions have generally
defined it as trading on the basis of material nonpublic
information
Insider Trading
The SEC has been granted much discretion in defining insider
trading
Insider trading laws attempt to neutralize the advantages that
violate either a basic trust or specific requirements for
confidentiality
The Pursuit of Insider Trading CasesThrough most of the 20th
century, the practice of passing inside tips was probably quite
common and was not prosecutedDuring the recent era, a number
of factors increased the visibility and newsworthiness of insider
trading The financial markets became more vulnerable to insider
trading by virtue of the dramatic growth in both the trading
capacity of institutions and corporations and in tender offers or
takeover situations
The Victims of Insider TradingClearly, the primary victims of
insider trading are institutional and individual investors who
bought or sold stock at a loss, failed to realize a profit, or

23. overpaid for stock because of insider trader manipulations
The substantial direct losses of some investors are but a part of
the cost of insider trading
The loss of confidence in the integrity of the market is another
very real cost
The Wall Street Insider Trading
Cases of the 1980sIn 1985, Merrill Lynch claimed that one of
its traders in Caracas was trading on inside information
This tip led to an SEC investigation of a small bank in the
Bahamas, Bank Leu, through which the trades were executed
The investigation revealed that one of the bank’s clients had
engaged in a pattern of exceedingly profitable trades correlated
with corporate takeovers
The Michael Milken CaseMichael Milken became a key figure
in the hyperinflated financial market of the 198os as the “Junk
Bond King”Milken had come to recognize that vast amounts of
money could be raised through issuing and selling high-yield,
high-risk junk bondsThey pay higher interest because they are
viewed as more prone to defaultThese junk bonds were widely
used to finance the wave of corporate takeovers during the
1980s and they were bought up by S & Ls and many mutual
funds
The Michael Milken Case
Although the criminal investigation of Milken initially included
charges of insider trading, it ultimately resulted in his pleading
guilty to six felony charges of securities fraud and conspiracy

24. Insider Trading since the 1980sEarly in the 2000s, an especially
high-profile case of alleged insider trading surfaced involving
Dr. Sam Waksal of ImClone and his good friend Martha
StewartWaksal was alleged to have tipped off a number of
relatives and friends directly or indirectly that the FDA had
failed to approve a major new ImClone drug for the
marketWhen this news became public, the stock price plunged
Insider Trading since the 1980s
According to one study, politicians do suspiciously well as
investors
The suspicion is that financiers with insider information are
eager to ingratiate themselves with U.S. senators and other
powerful politicians
Finance Crime and Financial MarketsIn addition to insider
trading, many other unethical and illegal activities occur within
financial markets:A massive check-kiting scheme against banks
was masterminded by the prestigious brokerage firm, E.F.
HuttonThey were systematically cheating customers by:Phony
biddingA long-running fraud within a rigged foreign currency
marketplaceThe sale of illegal tax sheltersThe revelation of
significant fraud in the mutual fund and hedge fund industries
Finance Crime and Financial MarketsAn immense amount of
fraud occurs in connection with the sale of stocks, and some of
this activity is addressed as a form of contrepreneurial fraud

25. Federal prosecutors also investigated possible systematic
defrauding of large institutional investors in connection with
the sale of limited real estate partnerships
Although such suits have been successful, it has generally been
difficult to win such cases
Stock Analysts and Conflicts of InterestInvestors have
historically relied upon advice and recommendation of stock
analysts while making their investmentsStock analysts would
often function as sales representatives promoting a company’s
stock instead of as disinterested and impartial analystsIn return,
the analysts who helped bring business to their firms are
rewarded with huge bonusesIn some cases, stock analysts even
own stock in companies whose stock they promote, and
accordingly they profit greatly from a run-up in the stock price
Stock Analysts and Conflicts of Interest
Eliot Spitzer launched a criminal investigation of Wall Street
firms after evidence surfaced that stock analysts who were
recommending that their clients buy a stock were at the same
time disparaging the companies involved and their stock in
emails among themselves
Many stock analysts were complicit in huge losses for investors
Insurance Industry FraudPeople rely heavily on insurance as a
buffer against catastrophic accidents, illnesses, and fatalities
and as a source of retirement income
In fall 2008, insurance companies were being financially
battered and undercapitalized
The offshore insurance companies have been especially

26. successful in avoiding regulatory oversight and have been
involved in large-scale frauds
Insurance Industry Fraud
Insurance company frauds take many formsEx. Brokers who are
supposed to provide unbiased recommendations on coverage
The financial misrepresentations and manipulations of insurance
companies put the interests of their clientele in jeopardy
Insurance Industry Fraud
As a consequence of the McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1945 and
potent lobbying, the insurance industry has been relatively
unregulated
Agents in these schemes misrepresent their credentials for
providing financial advice, and are specifically trained to use
scare tactics to persuade retirees to sign up for their plans
Unit 4 DB: Finance Crimes
Of all the forms of finance crimes discussed, which do you
consider the most serious, and why? Are there any forms of
finance crime that you do not think should be considered a
crime? If so, why?
300 word minimum
Unit 4.1 Discussion: New Initiatives
Aside from your project, what other NEW criminal justice/law
enforcement initiatives can you think of.
· What type of research is supporting the new initiatives?
· Why do you feel that is important?

27. · How do you think this new initiative could change the
criminal justice world?
Unit 4.2: Peer Review Article
With your research, you will be reviewing a total of four (4)
peer reviewed articles. For this discussion board, attach 1 of
your articles and summarize it briefly for your peers. Please
make sure this is a different article than your Unit 3 submission.
· What key data will you be using for your research?
· How do you think this article will play a role in your final
research?
· What are the 3 most important facts do you think this article
covers?
The key data I will be using in my research is what is most and
least common to society in the technology era. Anything from
mobile phone technology, social media investigation and safety,
to computer analyst software and safety, also how law
enforcement uses the same tools and more to prevent,
investigate, and catch an offender. The three most important
facts this article will provide is information on the devices,
tools, and techniques that is most important to the research
O, U. S. D. (2007). Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices,
Tools, and Techniques. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from
https://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/investigative-uses-of-
technology-devices-tools-and-techniques.html

28. For my Capstone Project I choose Crime Analysis Technology
and techniques of fighting crimes. There is so much crime
solving, current or cold case based on ever-evolving technology
and the access it gives crime fighters. I believe extensive
research and knowledge of this topic is researchable as well as
presentable. The current technology and social media craze, law
enforcement needs to take advantage of it and to society needs
to be knowledgeable of how safe or dangerous it can be.