4-5 Annotations and Writing Plan - Thu Jan 30 21:11 Claire Knaus Annotations: Bekalu, M. A., McCloud, R. F., & Viswanath, K. (2019). Association of Social Media Use With Social Well-Being, Positive Mental Health, and Self-Rated Health: Disentangling Routine Use From Emotional Connection to Use. Health Education & Behavior, 46(2_suppl), 69S-80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863768 It seems that this source is arguing the effect of social media on mental health. This source uses this evidence to support the argument: Provided studies focusing on why individuals use social media, types of social network platforms, and the value of social capital. A counterargument for this source is: Studies that focus more on statistical usage rather than emotion connection. Personally, I believe the source is doing a good job of supporting its arguments because it provides an abundance of study references and clearly portrays the information and intent. I think this source will be very helpful in supporting my argument because of the focus on emotional connection to social media and its effects on mental health. Matsakis, L. (2019). How Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade Filters on Social Media. In Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. (Reprinted from How Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade Filters on Social Media, Wired, 2018, June 13) Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/UAZKKH366290962/OVIC?u=nhc_main&sid=OVIC&xid=2c90b7b5 It seems that this source is arguing that social media platforms are not doing enough to eliminate harmful pro-ED posts. This source uses this evidence to support the argument: Information about specific platforms and what they have done to moderate content, links for more information, and what constitutes as harmful content. A counterargument for this source is that it is too difficult for platforms to remove the content and to even find it. In addition, it is believed there may be harmful effects on vulnerable people posting this type of content. Personally, I believe the source is doing a good job of supporting its arguments because it provides opposing viewpoints as well as raising awareness of some of the dangers of social media posts. I think this source will be very helpful in supporting my argument because it provides information on specifically what is being done to moderate this type of content on social media, and what some of the difficulties in moderating are. Investigators at University of Leeds Describe Findings in Eating Disorders (Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic Comparison of Social Media Users' Communication about Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr). (2017, September 4). Mental Health Weekly Digest, 38. Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/A502914419/OVIC?u=nhc_main&sid=OVIC&xid=5e60152f It seems that this source is arguing that there are more positive, anti-anorexia posts on social media than harmful, pro-ED content. ...

1. 4-5 Annotations and Writing Plan - Thu Jan 30 21:11
Claire Knaus
Annotations:
Bekalu, M. A., McCloud, R. F., & Viswanath, K. (2019).
Association of Social Media Use With Social Well-Being,
Positive Mental Health, and Self-Rated Health: Disentangling
Routine Use From Emotional Connection to Use. Health
Education & Behavior, 46(2_suppl), 69S-
80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863768
It seems that this source is arguing the effect of social media on
mental health. This source uses this evidence to support the
argument: Provided studies focusing on why individuals use
social media, types of social network platforms, and the value
of social capital. A counterargument for this source is: Studies
that focus more on statistical usage rather than emotion
connection. Personally, I believe the source is doing a good job
of supporting its arguments because it provides an abundance of
study references and clearly portrays the information and intent.
I think this source will be very helpful in supporting my
argument because of the focus on emotional connection to
social media and its effects on mental health.
Matsakis, L. (2019). How Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade
Filters on Social Media. In Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online
Collection. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. (Reprinted from How
Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade Filters on Social
Media, Wired, 2018, June 13) Retrieved from https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/UAZKKH366290962/OVIC?u=
nhc_main&sid=OVIC&xid=2c90b7b5
It seems that this source is arguing that social media platforms
are not doing enough to eliminate harmful pro-ED posts. This
source uses this evidence to support the argument: Information
about specific platforms and what they have done to moderate
content, links for more information, and what constitutes as

2. harmful content. A counterargument for this source is that it is
too difficult for platforms to remove the content and to even
find it. In addition, it is believed there may be harmful effects
on vulnerable people posting this type of content. Personally, I
believe the source is doing a good job of supporting its
arguments because it provides opposing viewpoints as well as
raising awareness of some of the dangers of social media posts.
I think this source will be very helpful in supporting my
argument because it provides information on specifically what
is being done to moderate this type of content on social media,
and what some of the difficulties in moderating are.
Investigators at University of Leeds Describe Findings in Eating
Disorders (Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic
Comparison of Social Media Users' Communication about
Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr). (2017, September
4). Mental Health Weekly Digest, 38. Retrieved
from https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/A502914419/OVIC?u=nhc_mai
n&sid=OVIC&xid=5e60152f
It seems that this source is arguing that there are more positive,
anti-anorexia posts on social media than harmful, pro-ED
content. This source uses this evidence to support the argument:
Research findings on eating disorder-related communication
online, and links for more and related information. A
counterargument for this source is that not enough is being done
to remove harmful content, regardless of the prevalence of
helpful content. Personally, I believe the source is doing a good
job of supporting its arguments because it provides results of an
eating disorder-related research study. I think this source will
be very helpful in supporting my argument because unlike my
other sources, this one provides information stating that
platforms are, in fact, making progress towards eliminating pro-
ED content, and how that is being done.
Argument:
Excessive use of technology, especially social media,
contributes to and causes mental illness, and pro-ED

3. communities share toxic material, contributing to the prevalence
of eating disorders. Pro-ED (pro-eating disorder) content on
social media platforms should be moderated at a higher level
and ensure that recommendation algorithms do not suggest
further dangerous content to users. Online communities
advocating eating disorders as a lifestyle post continue to post
dangerous material although some platforms have banned
certain hashtags associated with ED promotion (Matsakis,
2019). Platforms could employ trained moderators to recognize
and remove harmful content and to provide helpful material to
users searching this specific content. I am pursuing a degree in
psychology with a focus in mental health, and I intend to work
in a rehabilitation facility for patients with eating disorders,
addiction and substance abuse, and any comorbid afflictions. As
a technology native, I’m interested in researching the effects,
harmful and beneficial, of social media on the mental health of
adolescents and young adults. Social media has not been
researched for enough time to know the long-term effects on
mental health, and it is my goal to prove my hypothesis that
excessive social media use can have a serious detrimental effect
on an individual’s mental health. Eating disorders remain the
most lethal of all mental illnesses, according to the National
Eating Disorder Association (Jones & Brown, 2019), and it’s
important to learn how to treat and prevent them.
Key Points:
1. Excessive social media use has detrimental effects on mental
health in adolescents and teens. Pro-ED online communities
exist, contributing to this and to eating disorders.
2. 2. Although platforms have taken action to ban certain
hashtags, more could be done to moderate content. Users in
these dangerous communities find ways to avoid keywords that
are banned and continue to expose pro-ED material.
3. 3. Moderating social media use can benefit an individual’s
mental health. The phenomenon of social media has created the
fear of missing out and contributes to loneliness, as well as
decreases overall well-being.

4. Audience:
Individuals with opposing viewpoints are my audience, so
people either unaware of this kind of content or people who
don’t view it as an issue. Ideally, the information will reach
social media platform executives and persuade them to reform
their content moderation systems, and in addition reach those
using pro-ED communities and persuade them to stop using
them. One potential challenge is the lack of information about
mental illnesses, particularly on eating disorders. If the
audience has no knowledge of the dangers of eating disorders
and the effect of this kind of content online, they probably
won’t have much of an interest in this topic. Another major
challenge is users continuing to navigate around moderators,
and figuring out how to eradicate negative content without
disturbing pro-recovery, beneficial content.
Goal:
The purpose of writing this essay is to raise awareness of the
importance of moderation of eating disorder content on social
media platforms and social media’s involvement in mental
illnesses. Not only is it important for this message to reach only
social media platforms, however. This message, ideally, will
reach parents and adolescents, resulting in communication and
education on how to safely and positively use social media. In
order to accomplish this goal, I plan to use statistics in order to
prove the relevancy and severity of this issue to all readers. In
addition, I plan to research effects on mental health surrounding
technology and social media use in order to inform readers on
how they can potentially modify their relationship with
technology.
Potential Resources:
The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) and their
website nationaleatingdisorders.org is a valuable resource for
statistics and facts about all kinds of eating disorders, and
makes available related scholarly articles.
Bekalu, M. A., McCloud, R. F., & Viswanath, K. (2019).
Association of Social Media Use With Social Well-Being,

5. Positive Mental Health, and Self-Rated Health: Disentangling
Routine Use From Emotional Connection to Use. Health
Education & Behavior, 46(2_suppl), 69S-
80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863768
In this article, multiple authors discuss positive and negative
associations with social media and how gain a more positive
benefit from it.
Instagram 'Thinspo' Ban Won't Combat Pro-Eating Disorder
Web Content. (2013, January 4). International Business
Times [U.S. ed.]. Retrieved from https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/A313889445/OVIC?u=nhc_mai
n&sid=OVIC&xid=1ceb1fbd
This article contains detailed information about the types of
posts created by pro-ED communities, platforms’ policies, and
some of the more disturbing facts about what exists inside these
communities.
Investigators at University of Leeds Describe Findings in Eating
Disorders (Pro-ana versus Pro-recovery: A Content Analytic
Comparison of Social Media Users' Communication about
Eating Disorders on Twitter and Tumblr). (2017, September
4). Mental Health Weekly Digest, 38. Retrieved
from https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/A502914419/OVIC?u=nhc_mai
n&sid=OVIC&xid=5e60152f
This article brings to light several communities on Tumblr and
Twitter, such as pro-ana (pro-anorexia), thinspiration posts,
anti-ana (anti-anorexia), and pro-recovery.
Jones, M., & Brown, T. (2019, September 3). Why Early
Intervention for Eating Disorders is Essential. Retrieved
from https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/why-early-
intervention-eating-disorders-essential
The above article was retrieved from the NEDA website. This
article overviews the importance of treating eating disorders
early, prevention, psychological screening, and information
abating stigma.
Matsakis, L. (2019). How Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade

6. Filters on Social Media. In Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online
Collection. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. (Reprinted from How
Pro-Eating Disorder Posts Evade Filters on Social
Media, Wired, 2018, June 13) Retrieved from https://link-gale-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/apps/doc/UAZKKH366290962/OVIC?u=
nhc_main&sid=OVIC&xid=2c90b7b5
In this article, Louise Matsakis discusses how social media
platforms attempt to moderate pro-ED content by banning
hashtags. Offered in this article are viewpoints supporting both
sides of the argument.
Support:
In support of the first key point, that pro-ED communities
contribute to mental health issues and eating disorders, the
referenced article, “Investigators at University of Leeds
Describe Findings in Eating Disorders” provides specific
information about the types of pro-ED communities online. The
article “Instagram 'Thinspo' Ban Won't Combat Pro-Eating
Disorder Web Content” contains more detailed information
about what exists inside these communities. In support of the
second key point, arguing that platforms have made small
attempts but could do more to modify pro-ED content, the
article by Matsakis (2019), as well as the first article mentioned
from the University of Leeds. In support of the third key point
and argument, that moderating use of social media can benefit
mental health, I will use the article by Bekalu, McCloud, &
Viswanath (2019) to discuss how to develop a positive
relationship with social media. In addition, I will touch on the
article by Jones & Brown from NEDA (2019) to compare how
preventing eating disorders and social media moderation use are
related.
Evidence:
Introducing the essay with statistics can help create shock value
and entice the audience to read further. In support of my first
key point and first paragraph, I will include information
gathered from my research about specific online communities
and what platforms have done to minimize the issue at hand.

7. This information will be helpful in offering readers a
foundational understanding of the current state of the issue. In
addition, it will help me make the point that although
moderation has occurred, harmful posts still remain. In support
of my second key point, I will provide evidence gathered from
my research to provide facts on specifically what type of
moderation has taken place, platforms’ struggles in moderating,
and opposing viewpoints. Including opposing viewpoints will
effectively help me portray to the audience that although I am
aware of this position, mine wins. In support of the third key
point, I will include evidence about the correlation between
mental health issues and excessive social media use. I believe
this is the heart of the issue, and this information should help
me convey to the audience that ultimately, beyond moderation
online, disconnecting from social media is the easiest way to
avoid harmful material.
Revision:
Large-scale revision, I personally believe, will be most
beneficial to my persuasive essay. Last term, I struggled
immensely with finding and supporting a main argument,
writing confusing essays with chaotic information. For this
persuasive essay, I plan to refine my argument to a concise
sentence and specifically focus on supporting evidence for my
key points. I plan to gather more research information, organize
my research notes sectionally, highlight key supporting
evidence, and translate that into my essay.
Feedback:
The feedback I received from my instructor offered me
confidence of the direction in which my essay is taking. Having
established a fairly clear argument, supporting evidence, and
counterargument, I am assured that I will write a solid
persuasive essay including evidence and incorporating all
aspects of the assignment. Writing about this topic sparks
passion in me, and the more information I gather, the more
important I believe this topic is to public health. I plan to
continue to gather information, organize and structure outlines,

8. and focus on clear communication of my argument to the
audience.
Department of E-Commerce
Assignment forECOM 421
E-Business Strategies and Business Models
Assignment No. 1
Course: E-Com 421
Student Name:
CRN:
Students ID:
Academic Year: 1440-41
Student Grade:
Semester: 2nd
Level of The Mark: High/ Mid/Low
Instructor’s Name:

9. Assignment No. 1: Application Based Question (10
Marks)
Prepare a Business Model Canvas of any one from the following
companies:
1. Bank Albilad is a Saudi joint stock company, established vide
Royal Decree 48/M on 21/9/1425H (corresponding to 4
November 2004) with a corporate capital of 7,500,000,000
Saudi Riyals.
2. Albaik is a major fast food restaurant chain in Saudi Arabia
that primarily sells broasted chicken and shrimp with a variety
of sauces. It is one of the major consumers of chicken in Saudi
Arabia.
3. Jarir Bookstore is a Saudi Arabian establishment founded by
Abdulrahman Nasser Al-Agil. In its early years, the bookstore
dealt in used books and art sold by expats living in Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia. Since then; it has grown to be the largest retailer
of books and consumer electronics in Saudi Arabia.
4. Launched in the UAE in May 2004, Max was established in
India in 2006, opening its first store in Indore. Now, Max India
has a reach that extends to over 60 cities. Boasting a loyal
customer base of over 5.5 million, Max is the most profitable
value fashion format in the region.
5. Etihad Etisalat (Mobily) was established in 2004 by a
consortium led by Etisalat, the UAE based telecom
conglomerate. Mobily is the official brand name of Etihad
Etisalat, renowned as the second mobile service provider in the

10. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The awarded 25-Year
telecommunication mobile license was complemented by a
subsequent purchase of a 3G license. Mobily is the 1st Saudi
communications company to get an operation license for 3rd
generation services and beyond.
Due Dates and Grading
Assessment
Date of release
Due date of submission from the students
Grade Allocation
Assignment-1 (Application Based Questions)
End of 3rd Week
End of 7th Week
10
Note:Use this attached Covering Page as First Page of your
every assignment before submitting it through Blackboard