This document discusses emergency preparedness and response for construction site safety. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of employees and supervisors in emergency situations. It also describes how to manage common emergencies like fire, drowning, electric shock, burns, and falls from height. The importance of having an emergency preparedness plan, emergency response teams, and well-stocked first aid centers is emphasized to ensure worker safety in emergency situations.

1. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety (8 hrs.)
4.1 Role of Employee
4.2 Role of Supervisor
4.3 Safety Management
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
4.5 Fire emergency
4.6 Drowning
4.7 Electric shock
4.8 Burn with Acids and chemicals
4.9 Attending a person fallen from height
4.10 First aid at construction site
4.11 The first aid center

2. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
• Nobody expects an emergency or disaster that
can strike anyone, anytime, and anywhere.
Employees should know before emergency
• Be familiar with the work site's emergency
evacuation plan.
• Know the pathway of alternative exits from the
workplace.

3. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
• Stay calm and take steps to protect yourself.
• Recognize the evacuation alarms.
• Know the location and use of alarm.
• Know who to contact and how to contact in an
emergency.
• Know the nearest exit to escape in the dark if
necessary.

4. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
• Know the emergency shutdown procedure.
• Leave the area quickly following the work site's
emergency evacuation plan.
• Listen carefully for instructions.
• Keep "fire doors" closed to slow the spread of
smoke and fire.

5. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
• Do not re-enter the site until directed by
authorities.
• Go to a room with an outside window, and
telephone for help if possible.
• Stay where rescuers can see you and wave
a light-colored cloth to attract attention.

6. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
• Open windows if possible, but be ready to shut
them if smoke rushes in.
• Pack clothing, towels, or newspapers around
the cracks in doors to prevent smoke from
entering your room.

7. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
Common safety responsibility of employees
• Report all accidents and injuries to the
supervisor.
• Report all unsafe practices or unsafe working
conditions to the supervisor.
• Get instruction from supervisor before starting
unfamiliar work.

8. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.1 Role of Employee
Common safety responsibility of employees
• Check the condition and then after use appropriate
PPP for performing assigned job.
• Do not go near the unguarded moving parts or work
on the moving parts of the machinery.
• Do not indulge any kind of horseplay or practical
jokes or quarrel with anybody.
• Before running any machinery ensure by visual
checking that belt guards, wheel guards or any
other moving part guard are properly secured.

9. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.2 Role of Supervisor
• Supervisor is the key person to carryout safety
policy and to prevent injuries to workers.
Role of supervisor include
• Every day check certain work process or
activities.
• Daily inspect and check high hazard nature work
activities at site.
• Instruct and train workers in safety and first aid.

10. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.2 Role of Supervisor
Role of supervisor include
• Apply safe work method for each job.
• Instruct using appropriate PPE for each job.
• Do commitment to rectify unsafe conditions.
• Ensure good housekeeping.

11. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.2 Role of Supervisor
Role of supervisor include
• Train employees in handling hazardous
materials.
• Talk safety and impress safety upon
workers.
• Take corrective measures of all accidents.

12. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Emergency is a serious unexpected and
often dangerous situation requiring
immediate action.
• Each site should have an emergency action
plan for safety at workplace.
• Develop a complete emergency action plan
to respond immediate necessary action.

13. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Construction company must prepare an
emergency plan for the workplace.
• Keep a list of emergency equipment such
as extinguisher, fire blanket and their
location.
• Safety means free from danger, and injury
or giving protection against risk.

14. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Complete safety is an ideal condition.
• Society expects a fair degree of safety to life
and health of workers.
• Construction industry has a legal responsibility
towards the safety of its workers.
• Construction industry should strive to achieve a
reasonable degree of safety standard.

15. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
Various elements of safety management
• Management system.
• Commitment and accountability.
• Leadership and management.
• Employee participation.
• Accident/incident investigation.

16. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
Various elements of safety management
• Hazard analysis.
• Hazard assessment.
• Training.
• Safety audits.
• Risk management planning.

17. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Commitment to safety management can create
a safety culture that may provide ultimate benefit
to the construction industry.
Managing the emergency for safety include
• Ensure workers know the safe assembly place.
• Aware workers about emergency procedures
and remind them at Toolbox talks.

18. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Keep emergency contact of the doctor,
hospital, neighbors and responsible
persons.
• Keep PPE for everyone workers at site.
• Ensure everyone is trained in handling the
hazardous materials.

19. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• One certified first aider should be at site where
more than 50 workers are expected to work.
• One auxiliary health worker should be at site
where more than 100 workers are involved at
site.
• A first aid room must be provided in all cases.

20. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• All injuries (even minor) should be dealt within a
first aid room to save the patient from infections.
• First aid room is essential for removal of foreign
bodies from the eyes and for the treatment of
burns, cuts etc.
• A first aid box must be kept ready at all work
sites.

21. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.3 Safety Management
• Trained person should attend the injured
person immediately after the accident.
• The attendant should be familiar with the
accident reporting procedure of the
company.

22. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
• An emergency is an unexpected event that
can cause deaths or significant injuries to
workers, employees or the public.
• Managing emergency is the process of
preparing for mitigating, responding to, and
recovering from an emergency.

23. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
• An emergency preparedness plan
describes the actions to be taken by the
employees to ensure their safety in case of
an emergency.
• Its purpose is to facilitate and organize
employer and employee actions during
emergency for the safety at workplace .

24. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
• Emergency preparedness plan is important
for handling accidents and emergencies.
• On-site emergency preparedness plan
incorporates both preparedness to tackle
emergencies and response planning for
emergencies covering all foreseeable
events.

25. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
• The best way is to prepare emergency
preparedness plan to respond to an emergency
before it happens.
• Few people can think clearly and logically in a
crisis, so it is important to prepare emergency
preparedness plan in advance, when there is
enough time to plan thoroughly.

26. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
Emergency preparedness plan includes
• Assessment of risk leading to probable impact.
• Installation and maintenance of warning signage.
• Continuous access to the site incident response.
• Staff training in incident response procedure.
• Equipment to mitigate the effects of incident.

27. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
On-site emergency response teams
• Emergency response teams are the first
line of defense in emergencies.
• Emergency response team member should
be physically capable and mentally alert to
perform the assigned duty.

28. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
On-site emergency response teams can be
• Use of fire extinguisher.
• First aid.
• Evacuation procedure.
• Use of self regulated breathing apparatus.
• Emergency rescue procedure.

29. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
Emergency action plan must include
• Evacuation policy and procedure.
• Method for reporting fires and other
emergencies.
• Emergency escape procedures, route,
workplace maps, and safe assembly place for
gathering.

30. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.4 Emergency Preparedness Plan
Emergency action plan must include
• Name, title, telephone and responsibility to contact
for additional information during emergency.
• Procedures to operate fire extinguishers, shut down
critical plant for every emergency.
• Rescue and medical duties for any workers
designated to perform them.

31. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.5 Fire emergency
• Many solids, liquids, and gases can catch fire and burn.
• Any outbreak of fire threatens the health and safety of
people on site.
• Outbreak of fire can also be a hazard to people in
surrounding properties.
• Site tidiness are important not only to prevent fire, but
also to ensure that emergency routes do not become
obstructed.

32. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.5 Fire emergency
Action of employees on discovering a fire:
• Shout fire and raise the alarm by breaking the
glass of fire call point.
• Call the fire service.
• Fight the fire if you are competent and if you
consider it is safe to do so.
• Follow the evacuation procedure.

33. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.5 Fire emergency
Action of employees on discovering a fire:
Do not fight the fire if:
• It is bigger than a waste paper bin.
• One extinguisher is not enough for fire fighting.
• Smoke affecting your breathing.
• If you cannot see the exit.
• Gas cylinders and chemicals are involved in fire.
• If your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire.

34. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.5 Fire emergency
Precautions to be taken in the fire emergency
• Assess the fire risks in the workplace.
• Ensure that a fire can be detected in a reasonable time
to warn the people.
• Ensure that people in the workplace can get out
safely.
• Provide appropriate fire-fighting equipment.
• Check and maintain the fire safety equipment.

35. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.5 Fire emergency
• Post the fire emergency plan in areas of higher risk
from fire in prominent positions where staff can
become familiar with it.
Fire emergency plan should include:
• The action to be taken by staff in the event of fire.
• The evacuation procedure.
• The arrangements for calling the fire brigade.
• The location of assembly points.

36. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.6 Drowning
• If the worker is unconscious after being taken out of
water, he should be laid with his belly on the legs of the
attendant and slowly the leg should be lifted up to press
the belly of the patient.
• The worker will vomit water.
• After the water stops coming out even after small jerks
on the belly of the worker, the worker is laid on his back.
• Now see if the worker is breathing.

37. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.6 Drowning
• If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration
immediately.
Steps of applying artificial respiration
a. Remove obstruction from the mouth, open the
mouth wide to see that there is no obstruction inside,
if there is any, remove it.
b. Make the neck straight and opening clear, support
the neck and press the top of the head backwards so
that respiratory tube is not pressed in any way.

38. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.6 Drowning
Steps of applying artificial respiration
c. Ensure the air way clear through the mouth of the injured
person.
d. Blow air into the lungs: Seal your lips around patient’s mouth
and blow air gently into patient’s lungs until they are filled.
Watch the patient’s chest movement. Repeat procedure until
patient breaths by herself/himself.
e. Apply heart massage: Change to the heart massage position
and depress the chest five times at one second intervals until
help arrives or the patient is taken to the hospital.

39. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.7 Electric shock
• Electricity is widely used in the construction
premises.
• Electricity is a very useful energy when it is used
under control.
• Great care shall be given to ensure that
electricity is used by taking all necessary
precautions and safety measures.

40. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.7 Electric shock
• Electricity is a serious source of potential danger if
fails to ensure safe design, operation, work
practice and operation.
• Electricity can kill employees, as human body
being the conductor of electricity.
• In case of electric shock, first of all electric switch
must be shut off without delay.

41. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.7 Electric shock
• Injuries can vary from slight shock to fatal.
• Patient should be removed from the direct contact
of live conductor by using dry non-conducting
materials such as a wooden bar, rope, a scarf, any
dry article of clothing, a belt etc.
• Direct contact with the victim should be avoided.
• Prompt action can save life.

42. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.7 Electric shock
• A rubber gloves should be put on, or hand should be
wrapped on a dry material.
• If the victim is not breathing, artificial respiration should be
given.
• Victim of an electric shock may also sustain burns when the
current passes through his body.
• DO NOT waste time by applying first aid to the burns until
breathing has been restored and the patient can breathe
normally, unaided.

43. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.7 Electric shock
• If a large area of the body is burnt, give no
treatment, except to exclude the air, e.g. by
covering with water, clean paper, or a clean shirt.
This relieves the pain.
• Sought an expert help as early as possible,
treatment should be given only by a qualified
professional, but in absence of such a person, it is
every one’s responsibility to try to save life.

44. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.8 Burn with Acids and chemicals
• Burns are very painful.
• The chemical must be washed off with clean water.
• Put the burnt part of the body under the running water
for at least 5 minutes.
• If the burn is inside the eyes, wide open the eye lids and
wash the eye with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
• Rush the patient to the nearest hospital as soon as
possible.
• Do not apply any medicine unless a doctor prescribes it.

45. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.8 Burn with Acids and chemicals
Precautions in handling and use of chemicals
• Avoid skin contacts with chemicals.
• Avoid eating, drinking, smoking in the areas where
chemicals are present.
• Wash all areas of exposed skin prior to leaving the
premises.
• Report immediately to first aid centre for medical
attention in all cases of burn with acids and
chemicals.

46. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.8 Burn with Acids and chemicals
Precautions in handling and use of chemicals
• Avoid skin contacts with chemicals.
• Avoid eating, drinking, smoking in the areas where
chemicals are present.
• Wash all areas of exposed skin prior to leaving the
premises.
• Report immediately to first aid centre for medical
attention in all cases of burn with acids and
chemicals.

47. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.9 Attending a person fallen from height
• Work at height should be carried out from a
scaffold or mechanical platform.
Use fall protection system to minimize risk of:
• A person falling from a height.
• Injury to a person after falling from a height.
• Catch platforms or safety nets.

48. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.9 Attending a person fallen from height
• First of all, judge the condition of the fallen man.
• Minor cut injuries should be given first aid
treatment.
• If large bleeding occurs from wounds and further
complication is marked, patient should be taken
immediately to the hospital.

49. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.9 Attending a person fallen from height
• If patient is not breathing, artificial
respiration should be given.
• If any type of head injury seen, no time
should be wasted by giving first aid
treatment.
• Sought the help of an expert or send the
patient to the hospital.

50. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.10 First aid at construction site
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
require all construction sites to have:
• A first aid box with enough equipment to cope with
the number of workers on site.
• An appointed person to take charge of first-aid
arrangements.
• Inform workers the name of the appointed person or
first-aider and where to find them.

51. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.11 The first aid center
• First aid can save lives, reduce pain and help
injured person for quicker recovery.
• The first aid center need qualified first-aider at
construction site.
• But first-aider is prohibited to prescribe
medicines for any diseases and taking injections
or stitching to any injured person.

52. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
4.11 The first aid center
First aid center at construction site need
• A first aid box with enough equipment to cope
with the number of workers on site.
• An appointed person who knows how to contact
the accident and emergency services.
• Paste the names of the appointed person or first
aider on the site notice board, and where to find
them.

53. 4. Managing the Emergency for Safety
End of Chapter 4