This document provides an introduction to 4th generation (4G) wireless networks. It discusses the history and evolution of previous mobile technologies (1G, 2G, 3G). 4G aims to provide higher data rates, seamless coverage, and support for multimedia services through an all-IP based network. The document outlines some key design objectives and technologies for 4G including addressing issues like heterogeneous networks, mobility management, quality of service, and security. It also discusses applications and challenges of 4G such as billing across multiple operators and reconfigurable terminal technology.
Slides from webinar offered by Acme Packet and the SIP School on securing unified communications borders with Acme Packet. To watch recorded webinar or download slides, visit : http://tiny.cc/securingUC
NGN is a packet-based network able to provide Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
Slides from webinar offered by Acme Packet and the SIP School on securing unified communications borders with Acme Packet. To watch recorded webinar or download slides, visit : http://tiny.cc/securingUC
NGN is a packet-based network able to provide Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
Head to Head - The Battle between the Bellheads and the Netheads for control ...Pieter Geldenhuys
Part 1: When the infrastructure is ubiquitous and operates as a utility, like water or electricity, we will move beyond the current paradigm of cyberspace. What happens when information and knowledge are accessible to all who choose to look? What happens when eBusiness, eHealth and eLiteracy have become an invisible normality? What happens after the Ubiquitous Internet has irreparably changed our very understanding of the world we live in? A new Digital Value Chain will be required when the Netheads and Bellheads pit their business models against each other in an epic battle where the only winner is bound to be the consumer. Who will find the right balance between the investments required to support the infrastructure and the money that inevitably will flow to edge of the network where the intelligence and power resides?
Leveraging IMS for VoLTE and RCS Services in LTE Networks Presented by Adnan ...Radisys Corporation
ETSI Workshop – RCS VoLTE and Beyond
Kranj, Slovenia
October 11, 2012
Adnan Saleem discusses the advantages of moving to VoLTE/RCS for mixed mobile operators – and addresses the key challenges along the way.
Transport network strategies at Telekom Austria Group- January 2014Wi-Fi 360
We would like to invite you to an exclusive webinar entitled 'Towards a Converged Network: Transport Network Strategies at Telekom Austria. This will present key new research findings from Maravedis-Rethink, and will feature our guest speaker, Alexander Schneider. Mr Schneider is head of transport network development at Telekom Austria Group, a frontrunner in European operators' move towards fixed/mobile convergence and all-IP networks.
Mr Schneider will discuss key elements of Telekom Austria's strategy for deploying a twenty-first century network which harnesses some of the most important new technologies in fixed and mobile telecoms. These include small cells, software defined networking and the migration to all-IP infrastructure. In particular, the presentation will focus on the strategies and challenges in backhaul and IP migration.
The webinar will offer a unique opportunity to gain details and insights into issues which are now facing many operators, and their suppliers, round the world, in the face of mounting data demands.
Mr Schneider's presentation will be complemented by highlights from Maravedis-Rethink's most recent research into the 4G RAN and backhaul deployment plans of the world's leading mobile providers. Maravedis-Rethink tracks the top 100 4G operators and their business strategies, and has a per-carrier analysis of small cell and Cloud-RAN deployment plans, among other topics. Research Director Caroline Gabriel will share exclusive data in areas including small cell backhaul and SON (self-optimizing networks).
Cellular Core Enterprise White Paper by Rethink Technology ResearchAndy Odgers
Enterprises of all sizes are facing unprecedented volume and complexity of both data and communications traffic, and the challenges only increase when those two converge. Quortus is taking a pioneering role in the trend to offload enterprise mobile traffic to the edge of the network where it can support the highest quality and business value. This white paper was produced for Quortus by Caroline Gabriel, Research Director at Rethink Technology Research.
Mavenir: Monetizing RCS through Innovation on Cloud Native NetworkMavenir
A Rich Communication Services (RCS) market overview, how RCS is adding value to mobile networks, and the RCS evolution.
Presentation from Rakuten Showcase at Mobile World Congress 2019.
Presentation at Femtocell World Summit 2010 in London with featured speaker: Manish Singh, Vice President PLM, Continuous Computing
When: Tuesday, June 22, 2010
Time: 3:50- 4:15 p.m.
Topic: LTE Femtocells and Edge Offload
Head to Head - The Battle between the Bellheads and the Netheads for control ...Pieter Geldenhuys
Part 1: When the infrastructure is ubiquitous and operates as a utility, like water or electricity, we will move beyond the current paradigm of cyberspace. What happens when information and knowledge are accessible to all who choose to look? What happens when eBusiness, eHealth and eLiteracy have become an invisible normality? What happens after the Ubiquitous Internet has irreparably changed our very understanding of the world we live in? A new Digital Value Chain will be required when the Netheads and Bellheads pit their business models against each other in an epic battle where the only winner is bound to be the consumer. Who will find the right balance between the investments required to support the infrastructure and the money that inevitably will flow to edge of the network where the intelligence and power resides?
Leveraging IMS for VoLTE and RCS Services in LTE Networks Presented by Adnan ...Radisys Corporation
ETSI Workshop – RCS VoLTE and Beyond
Kranj, Slovenia
October 11, 2012
Adnan Saleem discusses the advantages of moving to VoLTE/RCS for mixed mobile operators – and addresses the key challenges along the way.
Transport network strategies at Telekom Austria Group- January 2014Wi-Fi 360
We would like to invite you to an exclusive webinar entitled 'Towards a Converged Network: Transport Network Strategies at Telekom Austria. This will present key new research findings from Maravedis-Rethink, and will feature our guest speaker, Alexander Schneider. Mr Schneider is head of transport network development at Telekom Austria Group, a frontrunner in European operators' move towards fixed/mobile convergence and all-IP networks.
Mr Schneider will discuss key elements of Telekom Austria's strategy for deploying a twenty-first century network which harnesses some of the most important new technologies in fixed and mobile telecoms. These include small cells, software defined networking and the migration to all-IP infrastructure. In particular, the presentation will focus on the strategies and challenges in backhaul and IP migration.
The webinar will offer a unique opportunity to gain details and insights into issues which are now facing many operators, and their suppliers, round the world, in the face of mounting data demands.
Mr Schneider's presentation will be complemented by highlights from Maravedis-Rethink's most recent research into the 4G RAN and backhaul deployment plans of the world's leading mobile providers. Maravedis-Rethink tracks the top 100 4G operators and their business strategies, and has a per-carrier analysis of small cell and Cloud-RAN deployment plans, among other topics. Research Director Caroline Gabriel will share exclusive data in areas including small cell backhaul and SON (self-optimizing networks).
Cellular Core Enterprise White Paper by Rethink Technology ResearchAndy Odgers
Enterprises of all sizes are facing unprecedented volume and complexity of both data and communications traffic, and the challenges only increase when those two converge. Quortus is taking a pioneering role in the trend to offload enterprise mobile traffic to the edge of the network where it can support the highest quality and business value. This white paper was produced for Quortus by Caroline Gabriel, Research Director at Rethink Technology Research.
Mavenir: Monetizing RCS through Innovation on Cloud Native NetworkMavenir
A Rich Communication Services (RCS) market overview, how RCS is adding value to mobile networks, and the RCS evolution.
Presentation from Rakuten Showcase at Mobile World Congress 2019.
Presentation at Femtocell World Summit 2010 in London with featured speaker: Manish Singh, Vice President PLM, Continuous Computing
When: Tuesday, June 22, 2010
Time: 3:50- 4:15 p.m.
Topic: LTE Femtocells and Edge Offload
Intelligent Approach for Seamless Mobility in Multi Network EnvironmentIDES Editor
Seamless interoperability between two dissimilar
networks requires handoff from one network to the other.
Such handoffs are known as vertical handoffs. Vertical handoff
introduces a shift in the approach to handoffs. It deals with
handoffs between dissimilar networks, such as from an access
point to a base station or vice versa. The integration of diverse
but complementary cellular and wireless technologies in the
next generation of wireless communication systems requires
the design of intelligent vertical handoff decision algorithms
to enable mobile users to seamlessly switch network access
and experience uninterrupted service continuity anywhere
and anytime. This paper provides a vertical handoff decision
algorithm that enables wireless access network selection at a
mobile terminal. Example shows that our proposed vertical
handover algorithm is able to determine the best access
network.
In this Presentation explained about the Unit 5 - 4G Networks and Beyond concepts for third year ECE students, which makes very clear to understand all the Generation networks and its features and applications. Hope it will be useful to all student community.
Pervasive Internet and the Push Towards ConvergenceBrenda Bell
ACGNJ Main Meeting presentation on the evolution of mobile data and Internet availability, with a view towards what 5G will mean for both stationary and mobile data access
This is the second part of my 5G project which consists of the architecture structure of 5G. What all it consists of, what all technologies it uses, what all layers it contain etc.
We are looking at the future of technology that has the structure of Nanocore, beneficial for future applications.
In this presentation, we embark on a journey through the evolution of cellular networks, tracing their roots from 1G to the current pinnacle of technology, 5G. We delve into the intricacies of 5G, exploring its foundational principles, technical workings, and the myriad advantages it brings, from lightning-fast data speeds to enabling groundbreaking applications in augmented reality, the Internet of Things, and beyond. However, no exploration of 5G is complete without addressing concerns and misconceptions. We confront conspiracy theories surrounding 5G, including alleged health risks and unfounded associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end, participants will gain a holistic understanding of 5G's transformative potential, appreciating its benefits while dispelling myths that may cloud its advancement.
2. 2
History of Mobile Technologies
Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
Design Begin 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000
Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010 ?
Service Analog voice Digital voice,
SMS
Higher
capacity,
Packet data,
MMS
Higher
capacity,
Broadband
data
Higher capacity,
Complete IP,
multimedia
Standards AMPS,
TACS,NMT
TDMA,CDMA,
GSM,PDC
GPRS,
EDGE
WCDMA,
CDMA2000
Single standard
Bandwidth 1.9kbps 14.4kbps 384kbps 2Mbps 100+Mbps
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA,
CDMA
TDMA,
CDMA
CDMA CDMA ?
Core Network PSTN PSTN PSTN,
Packet
network
Packet
network
IP network
(Internet)
3. 3
Convergence of High Speed
Internet& Mobility
• The Wireless Industry has grown at enormous
pace over the past decade.
• More than a billion subscribers to cellular
services are enjoying the benefits of staying
connected while on the move.
• With the growth in Internet, a wide range of
services are accessed by users through a wired
infrastructure.
• The introduction of mobile Internet brought about
by the convergence of Mobile & Internet
technologies is the future objective.
4. 4
Why 4G ? Limitations of 3G
• Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates
• Need for continuously increasing data rate and
bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements
• Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation
• Inability to roam between different services
• To provide a seamless transport end-to-end
mechanism
• To introduce a better system with reduces cost
5. 5
What is 4G ?
• Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a
seamless connection to a wide range of information and
services, and receiving a large volume of information,
data, pictures, video, and so on, are the keys of the 4G
infrastructures.
• The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of
various networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a
common protocol so that users are in control because
they will be able to choose every application and
environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile
communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher
data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will
focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude
of wireless systems and networks.
6. 6
What is 4G ?
• The key concept is integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing
mobile technologies through advanced technologies. Application adaptability
and being highly dynamic are the main features of 4G services of interest to
users. These features mean services can be delivered and be available to
the personal preference of different users and support the users' traffic, air
interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service. Connection with the
network applications can be transferred into various forms and levels
correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of
information will be the mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly
access the voice communication, high-speed information services, and
entertainment broadcast services.
• The 4G will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private;
operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc
networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as
well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G
systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. This all-encompassing
integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth
generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude
platform to cellular 3G and 3G systems to wireless local loop and fixed
wireless access to WLAN (wireless local area network) and PAN (personal
area network), all with IP as the integrating mechanism.
8. 8
Design Objectives
• New service platform
– Rapid deployment of new services
– Easy development of new services
• Seamless connection and handoff between
heterogeneous access system
• Information bit rate: 100Mbps (peak rate in mobile
environment) and 1Gbps (peak rate in indoor
environment)
• System capacity: 10 times that of 3G
• Cost: 1/10 to 1/100 per bit
• Base station network: all IP
• Transmission delay time: 50 ms or less
9. 9
4G needs to resolve it’s issues
• Heterogeneous networks
• Access, handoff
• Location coordination, resource coordination
• Adding new users
• Support for multicasting
• QoS, wireless security and authentication
• Network failure backup
• Pricing and billing
10. 10
Technologies
Challenges:
• Convergence/integration/inter-working of
all existing and emerging fixed and mobile
(wired and wireless) networks including
broadcast IP Technology
• Simple to select and easy to use desired
Services Agent Technology
• Universal and low cost terminals
Reconfigurable Technology
11. 11
Quality of Service
• Traffic generated by the different services will
not only increase traffic loads on the networks,
but will also require different quality of service
(QoS) requirements (e.g., cell loss rate, delay,
and jitter) for different streams (e.g., video,
voice, data).
• Providing QoS guarantees in 4G networks is a
non-trivial issue where both QoS signaling
across different networks and service
differentiation between mobile flows will have
to be addressed.
12. 12
Quality of Service
• One of the most difficult problems that are to be
solved, when it comes to IP mobility, is how to
insure the constant QoS level during the handoff.
• Depending on whether the new access router is in
the same or some other subnetwork, we recognize
the horizontal (intradomain) and vertical
(interdomain) handoff.
– Vertical handoff is the handoff between heterogeneous
networks, such as between UMTS and WLAN. These
heterogeneous networks can be Cellular Networks
(UMTS, CDMA2000, and GSM), WiMAX, WLAN, and
WPAN.
– Handoff within the same network domain is called
horizontal handoff.
13. 13
Quality of Service
• However, the mobile terminal can not receive IP
packets, while the process of handoff is finished.
This time is called the handoff latency.
• Handoff latency has a great influence on the flow of
multimedia applications in real-time.
• Mobile IPv6 have been proposed to reduce the
handoff Mobile latency and the number of lost
packets.
• The field “Traffic Class” and “Flow Label” in IPv6
header enables the routers to secure the special
QoS for packet series with marked priority.
14. 14
4G Mobility Management
• The proposed mobility management architecture for
4G all-IP-based wireless systems is shown in Fig. 2.
• In this architecture, different wireless networks are
integrated through the network interworking agent
(NIA).
• The NIA can integrate several wireless networks
belonging to different service providers.
• It handles authentication, billing, and mobility
management issues during intersystem
(interdomain) roaming.
16. 16
4G Mobility Management
• For intradomain mobility, existing micro-
mobility management protocols can be used
• For interdomain mobility a novel cross-layer
mobility management protocol is proposed .
• The basic idea of this protocol is early
detection of the possibility of interdomain
handoff and then to carry out authentication,
authorization, and mobile IP registration of the
MT in the next domain before the actual
handoff.
17. 17
4G Mobility Management
• These operations are carried out through the
NIA, which has separate service level
agreement (SLAs) with both domains.
• In this mobility management architecture,
interdomain handoff delay is comparable to
that of intradomain handoff delay.
• The NIA is used only during interdomain
roaming. Once the MT moves into a new
domain, the NIA is no longer involved. Hence,
the load on NIA is minimal.
18. 18
Security
• The heterogeneity of wireless networks complicates
the security issue.
• Dynamic reconfigurable, adaptive, and lightweight
security mechanisms should be developed.
• Security in wireless networks mainly involves
authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and
authentication, for the access of network connectivity
and QoS resources for the mobile nodes flow.
• AAA (Authentication Authorization Accounting)
protocols provide a framework for such suffered
especially for control plane functions and installing
security policies in the mobile node such as
encryption, decryption and filtering.
19. 19
Convergence of Cellular
Networks and WLANs
Benefits for
Operators
• Higher bandwidths.
• Lower cost of networks and equipment.
• The use of licence-exempt spectrum.
• Higher capacity and QoS enhancement.
• Higher revenue.
Users
• Access to broadband multimedia services with lower
cost and where mostly needed.
• Inter Inter-network roaming.
20. 20
Convergence of Mobile Communications
& Broadcasting
From broadcaster point of view
• Introducing interactivity to their unidirectional
point-to-multipoint broadcasting systems.
From the cellular mobile operator point of
view
• Providing a complementary broadband
downlink in vehicular environments to support
IP-based multi-media traffic which is
inherently asymmetrical.
21. 21
Convergence Benefits
• Broadcasters will benefit from the use of cellular
mobile systems to adapt the content of their multi-
media services more rapidly in response to the
feedback from customers.
• Cellular operators will benefit from offering their
customers a range of new broadband multi
customers a range of new broadband multi-media
services in vehicular environments.
• Users will benefit from faster access to a range of
broadband multi-media services with reasonable
QoS and lower cost.
22. 22
Re-configurable Technology
• In order to use the large variety of services
and wireless networks, multimode user
terminals are essential as they can adapt to
different wireless networks by reconfiguring
themselves.
• This eliminates the need to use multiple
terminals (or multiple hardware components
in a terminal).
• The most promising way of implementing
multimode user terminals is to adopt the
software radio approach.
23. 23
Re-configurable Technology
Challenges:
• Regulatory and Standardization issues
• Business models
• User preference profiles
• Inter-system handoff mechanisms and criteria
• Software download mechanisms
• Flexible spectrum allocation and sharing
between operators
24. 24
Re-configurable Technology
Benefits for
• Users
– Select network depending on service requirements and cost.
– Connect to any network– Worldwide roaming.
– Access to new services.
• Operators
– Respond to variations in traffic demand (load balancing).
– Incorporate service enhancements and improvements.
– Correction of software bugs and upgrade of terminals.
– Rapid development of new personalized and customized services.
• Manufacturers
– Single platform for all markets.
– Increased flexible and efficient production.
25. 25
Personal Mobility
• In addition to terminal mobility, personal
mobility is a concern in mobility management.
• Personal mobility concentrates on the
movement of users instead of users’
terminals, and involves the provision of
personal communications and personalized
operating environments.
• Once the user’s agent identifies user’s
location, the caller’s agent can directly
communicate with his agent.
26. 26
MULTIMEDIA – Video Services
• 4G wireless systems are expected to deliver efficient
multimedia services at very high data rates.
• Basically there are two types of video services:
bursting and streaming video services.
• Streaming is performed when a user requires real-
time video services, in which the server delivers data
continuously at a playback rate.
• Bursting is basically file downloading using a buffer
and this is done at the highest data rate taking
advantage of the whole available bandwidth.
27. 27
Applications
• Virtual Presence: This means that 4G provides user
services at all times, even if the user is off-site.
• Virtual navigation: 4G provides users with virtual
navigation through which a user can access a
database of the streets, buildings etc.
• Tele-geoprocessing applications: This is a
combination of GIS (Geographical Information
System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) in
which a user can get the location by querying.
28. 28
Applications
• Tele-Medicine and Education: 4G will support
remote health monitoring of patients. For
people who are interested in life long
education, 4G provides a good opportunity.
• Crisis management: Natural disasters can
cause break down in communication
systems. In today’s world it might take days or
7 weeks to restore the system. But in 4G it is
expected to restore such crisis issues in a few
hours.
29. 29
Multiple Operators and Billing
System
• In today’s communication market, an operator
usually charges customers with a simple billing and
accounting scheme.
• A flat rate based on subscribed services, call
durations, and transferred data volume is usually
enough in many situations.
• With the increase of service varieties in 4G systems,
more comprehensive billing and accounting systems
are needed.
• It is challenging to formulate one single billing
method that covers all the billing schemes involved.
30. 30
CONCLUSION
• As the history of mobile communications
shows, attempts have been made to reduce a
number of technologies to a single global
standard.
• 4G seems to be a very promising generation
of wireless communication that will change
the people’s life in the wireless world.
• 4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and
the world is looking forward to the most
intelligent technology that would connect the
entire globe.
31. 31
Questions ?
• What can 4G do for us?
• What are the main issues for 4G ?
• What are the design objectives for 4G ?
32. 32
References
[1] Eurotechology.com. 2006. “Fourth Generation Wireless
Communications”. Tokyo, Japan. http://www.eurotechnology.com/4G/
[2] Odinma, A.C. “Next Generation Networks: Whence, Where, and
Whither”. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. 7(1):23-30, 2006.
[3] Marcos Katz and Frank H.P. Fitzek “On the Definition of the Fourth
Generation Wireless Communications Networks: The Challenges Ahead”
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES
(IWCT) 2005
[4]Simone Frattasi, Hanane Fathi, Frank Fitzek, Marcos Katz, Ramjee
Prasad, “A Pragmatic Methodology to Design 4G: From the User to the
Technology, Fourth International Conference on Networking (ICN’05),
Reunion Island, April 17-21, 2005.
[5] Junhwan Kim, “A Framework for Scenario/Service Development and its
Application to 4G”, The 12th WWRF, WG1, 2004.
[6] Petteri Alahuhta, Marko Jurvansuu, Heikki Pentikäinen, ”Roadmap for
Network Technologies and Services”, Technology Review 2004, TEKES,
Finland (http://www.tekes.fi/julkaisut/Roadmap.pdf).
[7] Special Issue on 4G Mobile Communication: “Toward Open Wireless
Architecture, IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol.11, No. 2, April, 2004.