This document provides background information on LGBT issues and the concept of homonormativity. It discusses the history of LGBT discrimination and acceptance, leading to the establishment of homonormativity as a new norm where homosexuality is viewed as normal. The document then summarizes the plot of the novel What If It's Us, which portrays a supportive environment for the two main gay characters. It poses the research question of how homonormativity is presented in this novel. The objective is to analyze how the concept of homonormativity is depicted through the characters of Arthur and Ben.
1
Week 4 Rough Draft
Merrissa Hicks
Walden University
12/23/2019
Introduction
The study of social movement reflects the social issues in different periods have faced. This work will focus on the Abolition Movement and the Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements. Social movements are a result of general public consensus towards dealing with major social issues in the community.
I will discuss the historical background and ideals that supported the development of the Abolition Movement and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Social Movement. This is intended to show the correlation between their emergence and the key social issues that the community faced.
The Abolition movement
The Abolition movement was jumpstarted with the effort of ending slavery in America. It held that all people are created equal, and hence the practice of slavery was unacceptable. This movement existed in the 19th century when many people started publicly displaying dissatisfaction for the slavery practices in the country. It placed more pressure on the authorities to outlaw slavery (Martos, Wilson & Meyer, 2017). It would allow for increased debate about segregation and discrimination.
Slaved men and women worked on large agricultural farms as maids. Their life was brutal; they were subject to severe punishments and strict racial rules and policies. With time they opposed slavery through daily acts like antislavery movements. The basis of this movement was that all men were created equal and hence, the effort to emancipate slaves (Martos, Wilson & Meyer, (2017).
Abolitionists managed to integrate religion and moral movement, that focused on the acceptance that everyone was equal before the eyes of their creator and later on became political. Antislavery societies were formed by various churches to create awareness of evil effects of slavery (Lysack, 2012). American Colonization Society (founded 1817) was first movement to abolishing slavery but was greatly opposed since it was seen as unfair to send Black Americans from their motherland to Africa.
The American Antislavery Society was founded in 1833 by prominent leaders, such as William Lloyd Garrison David Walker and Frederick Douglass (Black Abolitionist) strongly opposed slavery in their publications (Pepin-Neff & Wynter, 2019). These publications disputed against slavery as anti-social and immoral and repeatedly used illustrations of African -American literatures and other accomplishments to outline that the Africans and their offspring had ability to learn like Americans, if granted freedom.
The abolition movement was politicized. The Native American Party opposed slavery as well immigrants. Thus, other parties like Free Soil and Whigs did so. They merge together in 1856 leading to election of Abraham Lincoln as president in United States (Lysack, 2012).
The abolitionists continued to pressurize the administration of Lincoln to terminate slavery. It to ...
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
1
Week 4 Rough Draft
Merrissa Hicks
Walden University
12/23/2019
Introduction
The study of social movement reflects the social issues in different periods have faced. This work will focus on the Abolition Movement and the Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements. Social movements are a result of general public consensus towards dealing with major social issues in the community.
I will discuss the historical background and ideals that supported the development of the Abolition Movement and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Social Movement. This is intended to show the correlation between their emergence and the key social issues that the community faced.
The Abolition movement
The Abolition movement was jumpstarted with the effort of ending slavery in America. It held that all people are created equal, and hence the practice of slavery was unacceptable. This movement existed in the 19th century when many people started publicly displaying dissatisfaction for the slavery practices in the country. It placed more pressure on the authorities to outlaw slavery (Martos, Wilson & Meyer, 2017). It would allow for increased debate about segregation and discrimination.
Slaved men and women worked on large agricultural farms as maids. Their life was brutal; they were subject to severe punishments and strict racial rules and policies. With time they opposed slavery through daily acts like antislavery movements. The basis of this movement was that all men were created equal and hence, the effort to emancipate slaves (Martos, Wilson & Meyer, (2017).
Abolitionists managed to integrate religion and moral movement, that focused on the acceptance that everyone was equal before the eyes of their creator and later on became political. Antislavery societies were formed by various churches to create awareness of evil effects of slavery (Lysack, 2012). American Colonization Society (founded 1817) was first movement to abolishing slavery but was greatly opposed since it was seen as unfair to send Black Americans from their motherland to Africa.
The American Antislavery Society was founded in 1833 by prominent leaders, such as William Lloyd Garrison David Walker and Frederick Douglass (Black Abolitionist) strongly opposed slavery in their publications (Pepin-Neff & Wynter, 2019). These publications disputed against slavery as anti-social and immoral and repeatedly used illustrations of African -American literatures and other accomplishments to outline that the Africans and their offspring had ability to learn like Americans, if granted freedom.
The abolition movement was politicized. The Native American Party opposed slavery as well immigrants. Thus, other parties like Free Soil and Whigs did so. They merge together in 1856 leading to election of Abraham Lincoln as president in United States (Lysack, 2012).
The abolitionists continued to pressurize the administration of Lincoln to terminate slavery. It to ...
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
1. 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
LGBT, an abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, is known
as a minor sexual orientation group. LGBT can also be used as an umbrella term
for referring to a certain gender and sexual identity topics. At first, this minor group
was called homosexual in the 1960s. However, it was replaced with the term ‘gay’
because homosexuality only belongs to certain group and is not accurate to
represent all of the queer gender and sexual identity. In the past, LGBT already
existed, but people were very strict to LGBT. One example of how strict and harsh
people to a homosexual individual is a Sodomy Case by Richard Cornish in 1625.
He was reported on charges of sodomizing a male ship steward and was sentenced
to hang (Crompton 1976, 288). This case becomes the example of discrimination
towards homosexual in former days.
There have been many issues and cases about the acceptance of LGBT issues
in society, such as hate speech, discrimination, and negative attitudes towards
LGBT individuals. The negative treatment makes the minor individuals hard to
express themselves in society and causes them to experience mental health
problems and difficulties in accepting themselves as they are. In the 1920s, The
Society for Human Rights was formed by Henry Gerber in Chicago as the first
formal organization in the United States that support gay rights (Elliot 2015). The
Human Rights Campaign (HRC) was created in 1980 by activist Steve Endean as a
IR - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SKRIPSI HOMONORMATIVITY IN BECKY... NISRINA NABILA
2. 2
political organization to support and promote equality of LGBT individuals and
other LGBT communities. It was also known as the wealthiest national gay and
lesbian civil rights faction in Washington D.C., United States. Another community
to support LGBT was the Independent Gay Forum (IGF), an online writer and
activists’ group which focused on expanding gay and lesbian legal equality. In
1968, a man named Frank Kameny made a slogan “Gay is Good” to counter the
social stigma and showed that being gay is a positive moral good (Ball 2010). In
1969, a riot arose between the LGBT crowd and police officers. This uproar was
known as The Stonewall Riots. The riots became the stepping-stone for LGBT
individuals to obtain their rights. From here on, there were many promotions and
parades to bring awareness and help LGBT people so that they could come out from
their “closet”. Since then, the radical politics of gay pride have increasingly wanted
to be “out and proud” in all contexts.
The concept of gay pride makes an explicit shift from shame to pride. LGBT
is no longer afraid to embrace their sexuality in public. A year after the riots,
activists began to organize an event to commemorate the incident. On June 28,
1980, the Christopher Street Liberation Day March was held to celebrate the first
anniversary of the Stonewall uprising (Solomon 2019). Eventually, June is chosen
to commemorate the Stonewall Riots by celebrating LGBT Pride Month every year
to recognize the impact of the riots for LGBT which people have received. The
philosophy of gay pride assumes that sexuality not only is but also should be the
primary source of identification, community, and self-esteem (Connell 2015, 24).
IR - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SKRIPSI HOMONORMATIVITY IN BECKY... NISRINA NABILA
3. 3
The corollary concept of “out and proud” links pride to self-disclosure, so that
coming out and pride become nearly synonymous.
In the 21st
century, the acceptance of LGBT has spread all around the world.
A new study conducted by Andrew R. Flores (2019) called Global Acceptance
Index ranked 141 countries around the world regarding the relative level of social
acceptance of LGBT rights and individuals. Eighty (80) countries have increased
the recognition of LGBT rights for individuals. Meanwhile, forty-six (46) countries
declined the acceptance, and fifteen (15) countries have not experienced changes
(Dowd 2018). This number shows that there is a massive change regarding LGBT
acceptance among people all over the globe. Same-sex desire, once the “love that
dare not speak its name,” is increasingly accepted and celebrated in many parts of
the United States and the world. In Georgia, for example, since November 23rd
1998, same-sex sexual activity has been legalizing by Powell v. The State, Supreme
Court of Georgia (EQUALDEX n.d.). While it is stated by The New York Times
(2015) that New York has the largest gay populations in size with 756.000 people,
identify themselves as gay, lesbian, lesbian, or transgender.
According to USAToday.com (2019), there are more than ten cities that
celebrate “LGBT Pride Parade”, which is a ceremonial against violence and mainly
about discrimination towards the LGBT individual to promote their equality rights
and celebrate gender variance and sexual diversity. Even until 2019, LGBT Pride
Month was still held all around the world in many ways. People were holding a
parade in many big cities in the United States or promote it through social media.
It shows enough how postmodern society has been quite receptive to support
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LGBT. This condition is supported by the increasing number of adults which are
identified as LGBT (Cohen, et al. 2018, 8). It is because these millennial might be
found in government or other important positions within the society. Thus, their
existence is influential to the development of LGBT acceptance by bringing
awareness to a larger mass. One of the influences brought by the development of
LGBT is shifting from heteronormative society to homonormative society.
Heteronormativity is about privilege as the right and normal sexual norms. This
norm became the standard that is valid within society. It is mostly about sexual
interaction between the opposite sex, man and woman, as the normal one (Berlant
and Warner 1998). This heteronormative norm is rooted in society's mind, which
causes people to judge others sexuality as good and bad one based on this
normativity. This norm somehow cannot cover a group of people outside
heterosexuals, such as homosexual individuals. The existence of heteronormativity
norms is often used to discriminate non-heteronormative because they are different
from the standards. They are considered as peculiar because they do not act the way
heterosexuals believe. Discrimination, negative, and harmful treatments towards
the non-heteronormative are the ways for heteronormative people to criticize LGBT
individuals.
Society has become more accepting, especially people in America, which
leads to a change in how people react and treat homosexual individuals. LGBT
people are no longer seen as a group of people who should be alienated from
society. This is due to the uprising of Neoliberalism in United States which creating
many social movements including gay liberation. Begin in 1930s, The New Deal
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was sought as a respond to the needs to recovery and relief from the Great
Depression, developed by the Roosevelt administration (Wei 2014). However, it
was ended up being torn down as it created a new vision of national and world
order. This vision of inequality, public austerity, competition, and “law and order”
are known as Neoliberalism. Neoliberalism is developed as a response to global
changes that happened in the Western institutions and aimed to take over the limited
states welfare state to increase corporate profit rates. The profit was taken from
other social uses, which ended up increasing economic inequality. This everyday
capitalism led to the supportive towards upward redistribution. However, it also led
to an increase of inequalities in many sectors. It then become the core of many civil
rights movement and equality politics. The expanding of the social movements
caused by neoliberalism aimed to improve the inequality and injustice conditions
in the United States. These movements were creating innovative critiques to
broaden human’s constraints. These movements are civil right and black nationalist
insurgencies, anti-racist and anti-imperialist mobilizations, radical labor activism,
the women’s liberation movement, lesbian feminism, black feminism, and gay
liberations.
A few years later, the social movement caused by neoliberalism leads to the
establishment of a new term called Homonormativity. This term views homosexual
as something normal and has been accepted among society. This norm adopts
heteronormativity values in which what heterosexual individual gets can be applied
to the homosexual individual. It is applicable to make same sex marriage possible.
From the survey conducted by Cohen and team (2018), the public has supported
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marriage equality, including for LGBT couples as one of LGBT rights movements.
In 2015, same sex couples had a fundamental right to marriage from the Supreme
Court. These conditions show a good signal for LGBT individuals to start having a
relationship and being open with it since most of the society has become to see their
relationship acceptable within the society in the same way as heterosexual couple
and their relationship. Homosexuality issue can reach its current condition as the
result of LGBT movements in which this movement is also possible due to the
development of neoliberalism. One of the acts to bring awareness about LGBT
among society is through literary works. Literary works can be the way to voice out
and also subtly give others knowledge about LGBT issue (Blackburn, Clark and
Nemeth 2015). In this context, as homonormativity can be considered as a new
advancement, literary works can help to deliver the values contained by
homonormativity. Homonormativity as a new theme for cultural productions might
help in promoting LGBT. By using homonormativity as its theme, it can be an
insight for people who read the literature enlightenment of the new attitudes and
perspective towards LGBT. It can be a good example to practice it in real life. This
changes can be a huge advantage to homosexual individual, especially the young
one to come out to public without having to be afraid anymore.
There have been many novels released related the issue of LGBT such as
Middlesex (2002) by Jeffrey Eugenides, Call Me by Your Name (2007) by André
Aciman, Simon vs. Homo Sapiens Agenda (2015) by Becky Albertalli, and What If
It’s Us (2018) by Becky Albertalli and Adam Silvera. This recurring theme in the
literature shows that awareness about LGBT has increased in literature. One novel
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that brings up a topic about homonormativity is What If It’s Us (2018) by Becky
Albertalli and Adam Silvera. It was released on October 09 2018. It was a story
about Arthur Seuss and Ben Alejo. Arthur moved out to do an internship at his
mother’s law firm in New York. There, the universe set him to meet a boy named
Ben but then they got separated. However, the universe played with them and once
again played its role and united them. In the novel, the other characters surround
them were supportive of the two main characters. They did not see Arthur and Ben
as a peculiar individual that should be excluded from society. Instead, their
surroundings treated them as to how they were supposed to be treated, a normal
individual.
What If It’s Us (2018) is categorized as a Young Adult literature as it talks
about two teenage boys and the aim readers is teenager. Young adult literature
theme is becoming an important genre in literature as it increasing the adolescent
literacy value. Addressing the teenage interests and needs in the literature, it might
attract the readers by made it relevance and valuable to the lives of its readers,
specifically during their coming of age period. Coming of age is a term used to
describe a child transition becoming an adult in which teenagers are seeking for a
place in society (Millard 2007, 15). Thus, Young adult literature is important ‘asset’
to the development of their physical emotion, as ‘asset’ means a factor to promoting
the positivity in the development of a teenager in their coming of age period.
Promoting the empathy, compassion, and understanding of the teenage by
portraying their exterior and interior lives, young adult giving to them an image of
role models, develop their personal philosophy of being, frame of references of the
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world they inhabit, and to determine that is right and wrong (Cart 2008). A young
adult novel discussing homosexuality and Homonormativity may give the readers
the essence of affirmation and reassurance during their coming of age. Teenagers
during the search of their place among the society may find this theme helpful as it
can also encourage them to not only find their place, but also to understand who
they are. It would eventually lead them to admit who they are.
What If It’s Us (2018) is the fourth book of both Albertalli and Silvera.
Albertalli received two awards for her first book, Simon vs. Homo Sapiens Agenda:
American Library Association’s William C. Morris Award in 2015 as the first-time
author writing for teenagers (Hetter 2016), and in 2017 German Youth Literature
Prize for a brilliant debut (Baker 2016). Meanwhile, Silvera, known as the New
York Times best-selling author of They Both Die at the End (2017) got an award
from ALA (American Library Association) in 2016 in the category Young Adult
Fiction.
In this book, Albertalli and Silvera portrayed such a supportive environment
for Arthur and Ben for being homosexuals. Thus, this study is important to
investigate the shifting from heteronormativity to homonormativity. This study uses
a theory by Lisa Duggan about the new homonormativity. In her book The Twilight
of Equality? Neoliberalism, Cultural Politics, and the Attack on Democracy (2003).
This analysis can also be considered as gay criticism since the main characters are
gay. Gay criticism does not only focus on the effort to define homosexuality. The
study of gay criticism often put the attention that falls to the subheading of gay
sensibility, which influences the way one sees the world, oneself and others. It also
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includes awareness of being different from the dominant or major group and
complex feeling from the ongoing social oppression (Tyson 2015, 314).
There has not been any adequate study analyzing homonormativity issues,
especially in literature. However, there is a journal by Julian Carter titled Gay
Marriage and Pulp Fiction: Homonormativity, Disidentification, and Affect in Ann
Bannon’s Lesbian Novels (2009). This journal explores the ways in which lesbian
character in Bannon’s novel identified as “homonormative” or “normative
lesbians”. This journal seeks to meddle discussion about homonormativity by
investigating its imaginative and affective dimensions. Most lesbians in Bannon’s
novel obey the dominant culture that expects them as a normal woman ought to be
and do. Marriage here works as a strategy for a backup plan so that white queer’s
can survive without being judged for their actual identity. In contrary, this study
discusses about a gay couple and aims to point out a more developed society in
which they treat homosexual individual without any hidden intention. Rather than
being a “mask”, homonormativity in the novel is considered as the improvement of
the LGBT movement. Therefore, the existence of What If It’s Us (2018) brings a
new insight towards LGBT issues. There is a very few analysis and journal article
that discuss about this issue in this object as it was only recently published.
Specifically, in Universitas Airlangga, there has not been any analysis and journal
article that discussing this issue in this object. In addition, this study attempts to
bring awareness of homonormativity portrayed in the novel.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
According to the background of the study, this study analyzes Arthur Seuss
and Ben Alejo as the main characters in the novel What If It’s Us by Becky
Albertalli and Adam Silvera. There is one main question proposed in this study.
1. How is homonormativity presented in What If It’s Us (2018)?
1.3 Objective of the Study
This study aims to get one objective answered. The objective is answered
according to the statement of the problem. This is one main objective proposed in
this study.
1. To examine homonormativity presented in What If It’s Us (2018).
1.4 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is to depict homonormativity represented in
literature and the reaction of both the main characters and society through
homonormativity in Becky Albertalli and Adam Silvera’s novel titled What If It’s
Us. This study aims to show to society that homosexuality is no longer an odd issue
to be discussed in daily conversation. In further action, this study is expected to be
able to bring sexuality awareness to the readers, especially for young-adult readers.
Young-adult readers are the aim readers as this novel might promoting the positivity
in the development of teenager’s characters and gives an image role models. This
study can contribute to the analysis of homosexuality issue to gender studies,
especially in literature. Specifically, to academics in English Department
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Universitas Airlangga, this study can be the start for homonormativity discussion
since this study initiates this issue for the first time in Universitas Airlangga scope.
Hopefully, this can be an insightful perspective for readers and perceive wisely the
message that this novel wants to deliver.
1.5 Definition of Key Terms
1. Heteronormativity: The concept and belief that being heterosexual is the
norm; considered as normal and natural within
society; a sexual interaction between man and
women, outside that is considered as unnatural or
wrong (Berlang 2012).
2. Homonormativity: The beliefs which does not compete with
heteronormative assumptions and institution,
but sustain heteronormative. It beliefs the
possibility of gay demobilized privatized and
constituency in consumption and domesticity
(Duggan 2003).
3. Homosexuality: Refers to sexual relationship between people with
the same sex. Also relate to one’s sexual desire, same-
sex behaviors and how they define themselves
(Cardoso and Werner 2003).
4. Queer Study: A study that includes both analysis connected
with gender and sexuality (Beasly 2005).
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