The document discusses negative, question, and short-answer forms in English grammar. It provides examples of negative statements using haven't/hasn't and examples of questions using have/has followed by the subject and past participle. It also gives examples of questions with "ever" that often use the present perfect tense in the question and "never" in the answer. Finally, it notes that the helping verb in short answers is not contracted with the pronoun.

1. 4.3 Negative, Questionand
Short-Answer Forms
Page 87

2. NEGATIVE
have/has+not
+past
participle
UNCONTRACTED
FORMS
CONTRACTED FORMS
I have not seen Tom
since lunch.
I haven’t seen Tom
since lunch.
Ann has not eaten
for several hours.
Ann hasn’t eaten for
several hours.

3. QUESTION
have/has+
subject+past
participle
Have you seen Tom?
Has Ann eaten?
How long have you lived here?

4. QUESTIONS
withever=in
yourwholelife
Questions with ever often
use the present perfect.
The answer often uses
never.
Have you ever met a
famous person?
No, I’ve never met a famous
person.
Have you ever been to
Europe?
No, I’ve never been to
Europe.
Has Li ever worked in a gas
station before?
No, he has never worked in
a gas station before.

5. SHORT
ANSWERS
The helping verb in the short answer is not contracted
with the pronoun.
Have you seen Tom?
Yes, I have OR No, I haven’t.
Has Ann eaten lunch?
Yes, she has OR No, she hasn’t.
INCORRECT
**Yes, I’ve OR Yes, he’s.