This document describes an automated bottle filling system project submitted by a group of students. The system aims to automate bottle filling processes in industries. It uses sensors like LDR and IR sensors to detect bottles and light intensity. A comparator compares the sensor signals to a reference voltage and sends output to a switching circuit consisting of AND gate and transistor. When the sensors detect a bottle, the switching circuit activates a motor that pumps water into the bottle. The project is implemented using components like step-down transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, sensors, comparator, gates and motor. It seeks to provide fast and efficient bottle filling with reduced manual labor.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cost effective and efficient industrial tank cleaning processeSAT Journals
Abstract The tank cleaning process is one of the major requirements in many industries such as in Pharmaceutical Industries, Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies (FMCG) and in Paint Industries. The tank cleaning in many small scale industries is still manual and lengthy process. In industries sometimes these tanks are placed in an area where humans cannot go and work, so to avoid this problem we thought of fully automated process of tank cleaning for that we have chosen Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).The PLC is the heart of the system Proposed system provides cost effective and efficient alternate solution to existing system. This system reduces the bulkiness and it is easy to understand (user friendly).It does not require difficult or complex algorithm and coding is also not lengthy. This system stores the water used for the process of tank cleaning instead of throwing away. From conductivity sensor we will come to know the cleanliness of the tank so the ultimate results obtained are reliable and accurate. Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Real Time Fault Detection System for Steam Condenser by using PLC SCADAIRJET Journal
This document describes a real-time fault detection system for steam condensers using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software. The system can detect three common condenser faults: loss of vacuum, condenser tube failure, and condenser tube fouling. Sensors connected to the PLC detect faults and send signals to the PLC. The PLC program uses logic to determine the fault status. The SCADA software receives the fault information from the PLC and displays the condenser conditions and any active faults in real-time for operators to monitor and control remotely. The system allows faults to be quickly identified and addressed to reduce downtime and maintenance costs in power
Coin Acceptor Based Vending Machine using Microcontrollerijtsrd
This document describes the design and implementation of a coin acceptor based vending machine using a microcontroller. It includes:
1) A block diagram showing the overall system including an Arduino Mega board, LCD display, coin acceptor, servo motors, stepper motor, and push buttons.
2) Details of the software implementation including using the Arduino IDE to control the LCD display, read the coin acceptor and push buttons, and activate the appropriate servo motor based on the item selected.
3) Description of the hardware implementation including the components used, power supply, and basic functioning where the LCD prompts the user, a coin is inserted, a product is selected via button press which activates the corresponding
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes automating ration shops in India using programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Currently, ration shops distribute essential goods manually, which can result in inaccurate quantities, illegal diversions, and long wait times. The proposed automated system would minimize manual intervention and improve transparency and efficiency. It would use sensors and PLCs to automatically measure and dispense goods like rice, sugar, and kerosene based on user input. The document provides details on the proposed system design and components, including storage tanks, delivery mechanisms, sensors, and PLC programming.
This document summarizes a proposed system for monitoring saline levels in intravenous saline bottles using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect when the saline level reaches a critical low level. It then sends alerts via RF signals to activate an alarm buzzer and notify hospital staff via messages sent over the internet. If the saline is fully consumed before staff respond, a DC motor activates a spring-loaded mechanism to pinch the IV tube and prevent backflow of blood. The system is intended to reduce manual monitoring, especially at night, and help prevent risks to patients from unnoticed low saline levels or backflow of blood into empty bottles.
IRJET - IoT based Smart Water Lifting Control as well as Tracking from Da...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart water lifting and irrigation control system using IoT devices. The system aims to automate and monitor water lifting from dams to farms more efficiently. It would use sensors like water level sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and relays connected to motors to remotely control water distribution based on water levels and user requests. A web application would allow monitoring of pumping stations and controlling the system. The proposed system seeks to address issues with current manual water lifting methods by automating the process and ensuring proper authorization and tracking of water usage.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Cost effective and efficient industrial tank cleaning processeSAT Journals
Abstract The tank cleaning process is one of the major requirements in many industries such as in Pharmaceutical Industries, Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies (FMCG) and in Paint Industries. The tank cleaning in many small scale industries is still manual and lengthy process. In industries sometimes these tanks are placed in an area where humans cannot go and work, so to avoid this problem we thought of fully automated process of tank cleaning for that we have chosen Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).The PLC is the heart of the system Proposed system provides cost effective and efficient alternate solution to existing system. This system reduces the bulkiness and it is easy to understand (user friendly).It does not require difficult or complex algorithm and coding is also not lengthy. This system stores the water used for the process of tank cleaning instead of throwing away. From conductivity sensor we will come to know the cleanliness of the tank so the ultimate results obtained are reliable and accurate. Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Real Time Fault Detection System for Steam Condenser by using PLC SCADAIRJET Journal
This document describes a real-time fault detection system for steam condensers using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) software. The system can detect three common condenser faults: loss of vacuum, condenser tube failure, and condenser tube fouling. Sensors connected to the PLC detect faults and send signals to the PLC. The PLC program uses logic to determine the fault status. The SCADA software receives the fault information from the PLC and displays the condenser conditions and any active faults in real-time for operators to monitor and control remotely. The system allows faults to be quickly identified and addressed to reduce downtime and maintenance costs in power
Coin Acceptor Based Vending Machine using Microcontrollerijtsrd
This document describes the design and implementation of a coin acceptor based vending machine using a microcontroller. It includes:
1) A block diagram showing the overall system including an Arduino Mega board, LCD display, coin acceptor, servo motors, stepper motor, and push buttons.
2) Details of the software implementation including using the Arduino IDE to control the LCD display, read the coin acceptor and push buttons, and activate the appropriate servo motor based on the item selected.
3) Description of the hardware implementation including the components used, power supply, and basic functioning where the LCD prompts the user, a coin is inserted, a product is selected via button press which activates the corresponding
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes automating ration shops in India using programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Currently, ration shops distribute essential goods manually, which can result in inaccurate quantities, illegal diversions, and long wait times. The proposed automated system would minimize manual intervention and improve transparency and efficiency. It would use sensors and PLCs to automatically measure and dispense goods like rice, sugar, and kerosene based on user input. The document provides details on the proposed system design and components, including storage tanks, delivery mechanisms, sensors, and PLC programming.
This document summarizes a proposed system for monitoring saline levels in intravenous saline bottles using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system uses IR sensors to detect when the saline level reaches a critical low level. It then sends alerts via RF signals to activate an alarm buzzer and notify hospital staff via messages sent over the internet. If the saline is fully consumed before staff respond, a DC motor activates a spring-loaded mechanism to pinch the IV tube and prevent backflow of blood. The system is intended to reduce manual monitoring, especially at night, and help prevent risks to patients from unnoticed low saline levels or backflow of blood into empty bottles.
IRJET - IoT based Smart Water Lifting Control as well as Tracking from Da...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart water lifting and irrigation control system using IoT devices. The system aims to automate and monitor water lifting from dams to farms more efficiently. It would use sensors like water level sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and relays connected to motors to remotely control water distribution based on water levels and user requests. A web application would allow monitoring of pumping stations and controlling the system. The proposed system seeks to address issues with current manual water lifting methods by automating the process and ensuring proper authorization and tracking of water usage.
Automatic Water Storage and Distribution System using Reliance SCADAijtsrd
The increasing population and thus the wide expansion of urban residential areas have increased the need for proper sharing of water. This distribution of water in every house within different areas needs control and monitoring for preventing the wastage of water. Different technologies have been studied to distribute the water to each and every house of residential areas. The main aim of this paper is to provide an effective water supply to each consumer and to detect the leakage sites. Automation provides an optimized solution to all problems of the water distribution system. In order to implement the proposed system, each area must be provided with a water flow sensor which is controlled by the Arduino mega board and can calculate flow rate and the amount of water supplied. The entire system has features of Reliance SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition to control and monitor the water distribution. In this paper, the system distributes the water under the area of a single water tank. In this way, to control the whole system the automation is developed using PLC Programmable Logic Controller . Khin Nyein Win | Lwin Lwin Htay | Nyan Phyo Aung "Automatic Water Storage and Distribution System using Reliance SCADA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26414.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26414/automatic-water-storage-and-distribution-system-using-reliance-scada/khin-nyein-win
Abstract A conveyor control system project was implemented using software LabVIEW and interfacing electronics such that it mimics the operation of a conveyor used in a bottling plant with beginning, filling and ending stations. Conveyors are used for automated transportation of materials. For this project, the conveyor simulator is equipped with a dc motor mounted directly to an axle for driving the conveyor belt, a freely rotating axle for the opposite side of the conveyor belt. Three IR proximity sensors, positioned at the middle and both the ends, are used to detect the position of bottle on the conveyor. A load sensor is employed at the middle to measure the volume of fluid in the bottle. Suitable displays were incorporated in the software. A PC based control system enables fast communication between controls programming and equipment. Key Words: conveyor control system, LabVIEW, sensors
IRJET- Smart Device to Control Water Billing UnitsIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart device to control water billing units using an Arduino system. The system aims to save money paid for air pressure that passes through water meters before water arrival. Sensors including a water sensor and pressure sensor are used to detect water and air pressure before the meter. Valves are used to selectively allow air or water passage. When air is sensed, an air valve opens to release it without affecting the meter reading. When water arrives, a water valve opens and the meter only measures water flow. The system displays air and water pressure readings separately on an LCD screen. This allows billing only based on water used rather than extra air pressure. The system provides accurate metering to help save costs incurred due to current meter
IRJET - Water Distribution and Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student project to develop an IoT-based water distribution and quality monitoring system. The system uses various sensors like ultrasonic sensors, pH sensors, and flow sensors connected to a controller to monitor water levels in tanks, measure water quality parameters, track water usage, and control water distribution via solenoid valves. The data collected is sent to a database for analysis and monitoring on an Android app. The system aims to automate water distribution, reduce water wastage, and provide online billing to customers. It allows remote monitoring of water levels and quality to improve water management efficiency.
Development of a hands free urinal flushing systemeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper an automatic urinal flushing system that ensures hands free flushing and conservation of water is proposed. Use is made of a delta DVP-I4SS2 programmable logic controller (PLC), limit switch and a solenoid valve to achieve the hardware design. A limit switch is actuated the moment a user steps on a standing pad placed at the front of the urinal thereby turning on the PLC input. The PLC uses this information to give an output command to actuate a solenoid valve to flush the urinal. Ladder control program was developed for the hardware control using WPLSoft software. Programming and testing of control program with the proposed system suggested that the system can be easily implemented at public places, banks, schools, restaurants and bus stop terminals at an estimated cost of US $ 202. Key Words: Flush, PLC, Limit switch, solenoid valve, WPLSoft, DVP-14SS2
IRJET- Software For Intelligent Automatic Washing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a software that can be embedded in washing machines to make them intelligent and automatic. The software uses machine learning and data from sensors to analyze user patterns and replicate wash cycles without manual input. It stores data from RFID cards and sensors in a database to recognize users and determine the needed cycle. This reduces human effort. The system supports both manual and semi-automatic operation. It works by learning from previous wash data to deduce the required cycle when a user next uses the machine.
This document is a project report submitted by four students at the Sal College of Engineering for their Design Engineering II course. It outlines the development of an automatic bottle filling machine. The project uses various mechanisms like cam and follower, stepper gears, belts, and a water tank to automatically fill bottles on a conveyor system with minimal human intervention. The report includes an introduction on automation, the objectives of the project, a description of the mechanical components, and acknowledgments.
El documento describe el trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL), un trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje que afecta a los niños desde sus inicios. El TEL tiene causas genéticas y puede tener impactos duraderos. Se evalúa el lenguaje del niño, y es importante descartar otras causas. El TEL afecta la capacidad del niño para comunicarse y puede causar estrés. Es importante que la escuela, la familia y la sociedad brinden apoyo al niño con TEL.
This document provides information about a call for chapters for a book on digital identity and social media. The book will examine how social media and online spaces impact contemporary understandings of digital identity from technical and socio-cultural perspectives. Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit chapter proposals by November 30, 2009 on topics related to digital identity, social media, and their implications. Accepted chapters will be published in early 2011 by IGI Global.
YOTG Hamburg - Anders-Sundt Jensen Volkswagen AG - How to manage consumer exp...Year of the X
This document discusses how consumer expectations have changed rapidly due to new technologies and how companies must adapt to remain relevant. It notes that consumers are now "Always On" due to digitalization and companies must shift from a product-centric focus to being consumer-centric by understanding each consumer's individual needs. It advocates for an "Always On" brand relationship through constant two-way interaction across various contexts using ubiquitous customer data and analytics to deliver optimal personalized experiences.
WordPress Meetup Karlsruhe Plesk 2016 - Die Veränderung der Web Entwicklung -...Jan Löffler
Viele Webseiten basieren noch auf shared hosting, dedizierten oder virtuellen Server Infrastrukturen und bedienen somit die Komfortzone von KMUs und Web Professionals. Die Frage ist nur, wie lange noch? Neue Technologien wie Docker in Verbindung mit Architekturen für verteilte Systeme wie Microservices stellen traditionelle Hosting Infrastrukturen in Frage und sind bei startup Unternehmen in der ständig wachsenden Web Szene äußerst beliebt. In diesem Talk gibt Jan Löffler, CTO des beliebten Server Management Tools Plesk, einen Einblick wie Startup Unternehmen und Marktführer wie z.B. Zalando ihre Webseiten entwickeln und warum immer öfter AWS der bevorzugte Cloud Service Provider ist.
Este documento presenta la solución BWA LTE de Telrad para proveedores de servicios. La solución incluye equipos de red inalámbrica como eNodeB y EPC, así como CPE para clientes. La arquitectura es flexible y se puede adaptar a diferentes esquemas de operadores. La solución también ofrece servicios de valor agregado como convergencia de redes fijas y móviles y soporte para servicios de capa 2.
All New Designs in #Stones, Lifelong CNC pattern with Lifelong Leafing quality.
Give your Interiors looks Great..!!
Let's Customize Your place with Our Designs.
Este documento proporciona una lista de 34 herramientas web 2.0 con una breve descripción e información de acceso para cada una. Las herramientas incluyen opciones para compartir documentos, fotos y videos en línea, crear blogs, páginas web, presentaciones, encuestas, podcasts, wikis y más. Muchas herramientas son gratuitas y fáciles de usar, aunque algunas requieren registro. El documento fue creado por José Julio Ordóñez Saeta, maestro de educación física en España.
El documento proporciona información sobre los diferentes métodos de esterilización, incluyendo métodos físicos como calor seco, calor húmedo bajo presión y energía radiante, así como métodos químicos. Explica los pasos del proceso de esterilización, que incluyen limpieza y descontaminación, preparación y empaque, procesamiento, certificación y almacenamiento. Además, describe los diferentes tipos de indicadores que se utilizan para garantizar que el proceso de esterilización se realizó correct
Este proyecto busca regenerar y reurbanizar la Calle Barranco en Graus, dando prioridad a los peatones, la conservación del patrimonio y la promoción del turismo. Se propone una sección accesible continua, estableciendo zonas peatonales, vegetación, estacionamiento y vial. También se incluirán versos de las tradicionales "albadas" para promover la historia local a lo largo de la calle. El objetivo es mejorar la funcionalidad sin perder la poesía de la tradición grausina.
Academic writing and publishing research awku mardanHamid Ur-Rahman
This document provides guidance on academic writing, publishing, and conducting research. It discusses:
- The importance of publishing research findings in journals and conferences to further knowledge and careers.
- Key factors to consider when choosing a publication outlet, such as subject matter, region, competitiveness.
- Best practices for writing high-quality manuscripts, including ensuring work is original, based on proper methods, and tells a clear story.
- Additional ways to enhance the impact of research, such as converting theses into publications, online publishing, and networking at conferences.
Este documento presenta a la empresa de consultoría IMPROVEN. Se fundó hace 10 años para ayudar a sus clientes a lograr resultados mediante la implementación de planes de reestructuración, reorganización, reducción de costos y otros servicios. Ofrece servicios a empresas en diferentes industrias y situaciones, desde compañías estables hasta empresas en crisis o dificultades. Su enfoque se centra en los resultados mediante el compromiso con la ejecución de los cambios necesarios.
Automatic Water Storage and Distribution System using Reliance SCADAijtsrd
The increasing population and thus the wide expansion of urban residential areas have increased the need for proper sharing of water. This distribution of water in every house within different areas needs control and monitoring for preventing the wastage of water. Different technologies have been studied to distribute the water to each and every house of residential areas. The main aim of this paper is to provide an effective water supply to each consumer and to detect the leakage sites. Automation provides an optimized solution to all problems of the water distribution system. In order to implement the proposed system, each area must be provided with a water flow sensor which is controlled by the Arduino mega board and can calculate flow rate and the amount of water supplied. The entire system has features of Reliance SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition to control and monitor the water distribution. In this paper, the system distributes the water under the area of a single water tank. In this way, to control the whole system the automation is developed using PLC Programmable Logic Controller . Khin Nyein Win | Lwin Lwin Htay | Nyan Phyo Aung "Automatic Water Storage and Distribution System using Reliance SCADA" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26414.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26414/automatic-water-storage-and-distribution-system-using-reliance-scada/khin-nyein-win
Abstract A conveyor control system project was implemented using software LabVIEW and interfacing electronics such that it mimics the operation of a conveyor used in a bottling plant with beginning, filling and ending stations. Conveyors are used for automated transportation of materials. For this project, the conveyor simulator is equipped with a dc motor mounted directly to an axle for driving the conveyor belt, a freely rotating axle for the opposite side of the conveyor belt. Three IR proximity sensors, positioned at the middle and both the ends, are used to detect the position of bottle on the conveyor. A load sensor is employed at the middle to measure the volume of fluid in the bottle. Suitable displays were incorporated in the software. A PC based control system enables fast communication between controls programming and equipment. Key Words: conveyor control system, LabVIEW, sensors
IRJET- Smart Device to Control Water Billing UnitsIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart device to control water billing units using an Arduino system. The system aims to save money paid for air pressure that passes through water meters before water arrival. Sensors including a water sensor and pressure sensor are used to detect water and air pressure before the meter. Valves are used to selectively allow air or water passage. When air is sensed, an air valve opens to release it without affecting the meter reading. When water arrives, a water valve opens and the meter only measures water flow. The system displays air and water pressure readings separately on an LCD screen. This allows billing only based on water used rather than extra air pressure. The system provides accurate metering to help save costs incurred due to current meter
IRJET - Water Distribution and Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a student project to develop an IoT-based water distribution and quality monitoring system. The system uses various sensors like ultrasonic sensors, pH sensors, and flow sensors connected to a controller to monitor water levels in tanks, measure water quality parameters, track water usage, and control water distribution via solenoid valves. The data collected is sent to a database for analysis and monitoring on an Android app. The system aims to automate water distribution, reduce water wastage, and provide online billing to customers. It allows remote monitoring of water levels and quality to improve water management efficiency.
Development of a hands free urinal flushing systemeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper an automatic urinal flushing system that ensures hands free flushing and conservation of water is proposed. Use is made of a delta DVP-I4SS2 programmable logic controller (PLC), limit switch and a solenoid valve to achieve the hardware design. A limit switch is actuated the moment a user steps on a standing pad placed at the front of the urinal thereby turning on the PLC input. The PLC uses this information to give an output command to actuate a solenoid valve to flush the urinal. Ladder control program was developed for the hardware control using WPLSoft software. Programming and testing of control program with the proposed system suggested that the system can be easily implemented at public places, banks, schools, restaurants and bus stop terminals at an estimated cost of US $ 202. Key Words: Flush, PLC, Limit switch, solenoid valve, WPLSoft, DVP-14SS2
IRJET- Software For Intelligent Automatic Washing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a software that can be embedded in washing machines to make them intelligent and automatic. The software uses machine learning and data from sensors to analyze user patterns and replicate wash cycles without manual input. It stores data from RFID cards and sensors in a database to recognize users and determine the needed cycle. This reduces human effort. The system supports both manual and semi-automatic operation. It works by learning from previous wash data to deduce the required cycle when a user next uses the machine.
This document is a project report submitted by four students at the Sal College of Engineering for their Design Engineering II course. It outlines the development of an automatic bottle filling machine. The project uses various mechanisms like cam and follower, stepper gears, belts, and a water tank to automatically fill bottles on a conveyor system with minimal human intervention. The report includes an introduction on automation, the objectives of the project, a description of the mechanical components, and acknowledgments.
El documento describe el trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL), un trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje que afecta a los niños desde sus inicios. El TEL tiene causas genéticas y puede tener impactos duraderos. Se evalúa el lenguaje del niño, y es importante descartar otras causas. El TEL afecta la capacidad del niño para comunicarse y puede causar estrés. Es importante que la escuela, la familia y la sociedad brinden apoyo al niño con TEL.
This document provides information about a call for chapters for a book on digital identity and social media. The book will examine how social media and online spaces impact contemporary understandings of digital identity from technical and socio-cultural perspectives. Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit chapter proposals by November 30, 2009 on topics related to digital identity, social media, and their implications. Accepted chapters will be published in early 2011 by IGI Global.
YOTG Hamburg - Anders-Sundt Jensen Volkswagen AG - How to manage consumer exp...Year of the X
This document discusses how consumer expectations have changed rapidly due to new technologies and how companies must adapt to remain relevant. It notes that consumers are now "Always On" due to digitalization and companies must shift from a product-centric focus to being consumer-centric by understanding each consumer's individual needs. It advocates for an "Always On" brand relationship through constant two-way interaction across various contexts using ubiquitous customer data and analytics to deliver optimal personalized experiences.
WordPress Meetup Karlsruhe Plesk 2016 - Die Veränderung der Web Entwicklung -...Jan Löffler
Viele Webseiten basieren noch auf shared hosting, dedizierten oder virtuellen Server Infrastrukturen und bedienen somit die Komfortzone von KMUs und Web Professionals. Die Frage ist nur, wie lange noch? Neue Technologien wie Docker in Verbindung mit Architekturen für verteilte Systeme wie Microservices stellen traditionelle Hosting Infrastrukturen in Frage und sind bei startup Unternehmen in der ständig wachsenden Web Szene äußerst beliebt. In diesem Talk gibt Jan Löffler, CTO des beliebten Server Management Tools Plesk, einen Einblick wie Startup Unternehmen und Marktführer wie z.B. Zalando ihre Webseiten entwickeln und warum immer öfter AWS der bevorzugte Cloud Service Provider ist.
Este documento presenta la solución BWA LTE de Telrad para proveedores de servicios. La solución incluye equipos de red inalámbrica como eNodeB y EPC, así como CPE para clientes. La arquitectura es flexible y se puede adaptar a diferentes esquemas de operadores. La solución también ofrece servicios de valor agregado como convergencia de redes fijas y móviles y soporte para servicios de capa 2.
All New Designs in #Stones, Lifelong CNC pattern with Lifelong Leafing quality.
Give your Interiors looks Great..!!
Let's Customize Your place with Our Designs.
Este documento proporciona una lista de 34 herramientas web 2.0 con una breve descripción e información de acceso para cada una. Las herramientas incluyen opciones para compartir documentos, fotos y videos en línea, crear blogs, páginas web, presentaciones, encuestas, podcasts, wikis y más. Muchas herramientas son gratuitas y fáciles de usar, aunque algunas requieren registro. El documento fue creado por José Julio Ordóñez Saeta, maestro de educación física en España.
El documento proporciona información sobre los diferentes métodos de esterilización, incluyendo métodos físicos como calor seco, calor húmedo bajo presión y energía radiante, así como métodos químicos. Explica los pasos del proceso de esterilización, que incluyen limpieza y descontaminación, preparación y empaque, procesamiento, certificación y almacenamiento. Además, describe los diferentes tipos de indicadores que se utilizan para garantizar que el proceso de esterilización se realizó correct
Este proyecto busca regenerar y reurbanizar la Calle Barranco en Graus, dando prioridad a los peatones, la conservación del patrimonio y la promoción del turismo. Se propone una sección accesible continua, estableciendo zonas peatonales, vegetación, estacionamiento y vial. También se incluirán versos de las tradicionales "albadas" para promover la historia local a lo largo de la calle. El objetivo es mejorar la funcionalidad sin perder la poesía de la tradición grausina.
Academic writing and publishing research awku mardanHamid Ur-Rahman
This document provides guidance on academic writing, publishing, and conducting research. It discusses:
- The importance of publishing research findings in journals and conferences to further knowledge and careers.
- Key factors to consider when choosing a publication outlet, such as subject matter, region, competitiveness.
- Best practices for writing high-quality manuscripts, including ensuring work is original, based on proper methods, and tells a clear story.
- Additional ways to enhance the impact of research, such as converting theses into publications, online publishing, and networking at conferences.
Este documento presenta a la empresa de consultoría IMPROVEN. Se fundó hace 10 años para ayudar a sus clientes a lograr resultados mediante la implementación de planes de reestructuración, reorganización, reducción de costos y otros servicios. Ofrece servicios a empresas en diferentes industrias y situaciones, desde compañías estables hasta empresas en crisis o dificultades. Su enfoque se centra en los resultados mediante el compromiso con la ejecución de los cambios necesarios.
Este documento presenta el caso de un paciente diagnosticado con esquizofrenia paranoide. Describe los patrones disfuncionales del paciente relacionados con su percepción, cognición, rol y relaciones. Propone intervenciones de enfermería como terapia con juegos, arte y actividades de ocio para mejorar la interacción social del paciente y el manejo de sus alucinaciones y delirios. También recomienda terapias artísticas como el body mapping y la biodanza para facilitar la expresión emocional.
Membranas Celulares 2º Bachillerato [Modo De Compatibilidad]guest929fb3
Este documento describe las diferentes estructuras que permiten la interacción entre células adyacentes, incluyendo la matriz extracelular, uniones celulares como uniones estrechas, adherentes y desmosomas, y uniones comunicantes. La matriz extracelular está compuesta de proteínas y polisacáridos que rodean y unen las células. Las uniones celulares varían en su capacidad de impedir el paso de sustancias y en la fuerza con que unen las células.
This document discusses safety interlocks in crude heaters using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) at Bharat Petroleum Corporation's Kochi Refinery. It provides an overview of the refinery's process units including the crude distillation unit (CDU) and describes the various components involved in heating crude oil such as the preheater, desalter, crude heater, burners, and distillation columns. It also discusses the use of intrinsic safety barriers and programmable logic controls to monitor parameters and automatically shut down equipment if safety thresholds are exceeded.
IRJET-E-Blood Bank Application using Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and implementation of a PLC-based automatic bottle filling system. The system uses a PLC to control a conveyor belt that transports bottles past a solenoid valve, which is opened to fill each bottle based on a timed cycle. Sensors are used to detect bottles on the conveyor and control the filling process. The system aims to automate bottle filling to increase production rates while reducing human labor. Key components include a PLC, solenoid valve, conveyor belt, and sensors. Ladder logic is used to program the PLC to control component operation and automation of the filling process.
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic water bottle filling system using a Siemens PLC S7-1200 for control. Key components include a DC motor, conveyor belt, photoelectric sensor, and solenoid valve for filling. The system is designed to automatically fill multiple bottles simultaneously by stopping the conveyor belt when bottles pass the sensor to trigger filling via the solenoid valve.
This document describes the design and implementation of an automated water bottle filling system. The system uses sensors, a microcontroller, motors and other electrical components to automate the bottle filling process. Bottles are moved along a conveyor belt and infrared sensors detect when each bottle reaches the filling station. A pump then fills each bottle for a set time before the conveyor moves the bottle along. The system is designed for small industries to reduce labor costs and increase productivity compared to manual bottle filling. It allows bottles to be consistently filled with the same amount of water in an efficient automated process.
Minor Project Report: Automatic Door Control SystemSaban Kumar K.C.
This minor project is based on the automatic door control system used in a room or hall based on IR sensor. This project is applicable at such places where the people are busy and people are in large number.
The document describes the design and development of an automated bottle filling system meant for small industries. The system aims to automate bottle filling to eliminate problems with manual filling like spilling and ensuring equal quantities are filled. It uses a conveyor belt powered by a DC motor to transfer bottles through the system. A proximity sensor detects bottle presence and a solenoid valve controls the amount of liquid filled, as directed by a microcontroller. The system was successfully implemented and tested, and found to reduce work, time, and costs compared to manual filling.
This document describes a project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report details the mechanical assembly, electronics hardware, and software sections of a mixed liquid bag packing system project. The mechanical assembly section describes the hardware components like motors, gearboxes, chains, and supports. The electronics hardware section provides specifications for components such as voltage regulators, relays, LEDs, and solenoid valves. The software section discusses the programming language and ladder logic used to program the PLC controller for the system. The overall project aims to automate the batch process of mixing liquids and continuously packing them into bags.
Low Cost PLC Alternative Solution with SCADA Interface Using MicrocontrollerIRJET Journal
This document describes a low-cost alternative to a PLC system for automated bottle filling using a microcontroller and sensors. Key points:
1. Traditional PLC systems are costly, making automation unfeasible for small industries.
2. The proposed system uses an Arduino microcontroller, IR sensor to detect bottles on a conveyor, and ultrasonic sensor to monitor liquid level.
3. A SCADA interface allows monitoring and control of the system from a computer for less than the cost of a PLC-based system.
IRJET-Smart System for Food Industries and BakeriesIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart system for food industries and bakeries that automates processes using a programmable logic controller (PLC). Currently, baking and cooling processes are done manually, which is time-consuming and poses risks to workers near high-heat areas. The proposed system uses sensors like an IR sensor and temperature sensor connected to a PLC to automate conveyance of food trays, opening/closing of oven doors, oven temperature control, and activation of cooling fans. This allows baking to be done safely, efficiently and with less waste by minimizing human intervention and risks through automation controlled by the PLC.
IRJET- PLC based Bottle Filling with Automatic Volume DetectionIRJET Journal
This document describes a PLC-based bottle filling system with automatic volume detection. The system uses a conveyor belt to move bottles into position under filling stations. IR sensors detect the bottle size and position. A PLC controls the filling process by activating pumps and motors for precise timing based on the bottle size. This allows different sized bottles to be filled to the desired level without waste. The PLC programming uses ladder logic to automate the filling operation for various bottle sizes in a reliable and efficient manner.
Controlling the Filling and Capping Operation of a Bottling Plant using PLC a...ijeei-iaes
This paper presents basic stages of operation of a bottling plant, i.e. the filling and capping process. The main aim of our paper is to control the filling and capping section of a bottling plant simultaneously. At first a set of empty bottle is run by using a conveyer towards filling section, after the operation, the filled bottles are sent towards the capping section. After successful capping operation, the sealed bottles terminate towards exit and a new set of empty bottle arrive, in this way the process continues. This paper includes the method using which, a bunch of bottles can be filled and capped at one instant of time. This method has made the operation more flexible and time saving. The filling and capping operations are controlled using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), as the PLC’s are very much user-efficient, cost-effective and easy to control. By using PLC automation the whole process is kept under control. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is used to monitor the process by means of a display system.
PLC based Automatic Liquid Filling System for Different Sized BottlesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a PLC-based automatic liquid filling system for different sized bottles. The system uses a programmable logic controller to control a conveyor belt that transports bottles under solenoid valves for filling. Sensors detect the bottle positions and signal the PLC to operate the valves and conveyor for automated filling. The system is able to flexibly fill various bottle sizes by changing the PLC program. It provides increased productivity over traditional methods with reduced costs and human labor.
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in this articles, we have given details about the arduino based automatic material sorting machines Pdf. In which is fully described step by step.....
This document describes a student project to create an automatic door opening system using a PIR sensor. It includes an abstract, list of figures and tables, contents section, and 12 chapters that cover topics like the objectives, literature review, block diagram, circuit diagram, component descriptions, hardware implementation, software debugging, applications, advantages/disadvantages, results, conclusion, and future scope. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect human motion and send a signal to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls a DC motor connected to the door to open and close it automatically. When motion is detected, the door opens, and it closes again after a set delay time.
Automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system using wireless bluetoot...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an automatic and low cost saline level monitoring system that uses wireless Bluetooth and CC2500 transreceiver modules. The system aims to provide reliable and automatic monitoring of saline levels in hospitals without continuous observation by nurses or doctors. It uses IR sensors to detect saline levels in bottles and sends wireless notifications to nurses' phones and computers when the level drops below a critical point. The system is designed to be low cost by using a microcontroller, wireless modules, and can be reused for multiple saline bottles. It provides a more convenient way to monitor saline levels compared to traditional manual methods.
1. The document describes an automatic plant irrigation system that uses soil moisture sensors and a relay to control a water pump without manual intervention.
2. It uses a transformer, rectifier, filter, and voltage regulator to power the system and sensors from a 230V mains supply. An op-amp comparator monitors the sensors and switches the relay to turn the pump on or off depending on whether the sensors detect dry or wet soil conditions.
3. The system aims to save water by only irrigating when needed, as determined by the soil moisture sensors, and reduce the workload for farmers by automating pump operation.
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2. It uses a transformer, rectifier, filter, and voltage regulator to power the system and sensors from a 230V mains supply. An op-amp comparator monitors the sensors and switches the relay to turn the pump on or off depending on whether the sensors detect dry or wet soil conditions.
3. The system aims to save water by only irrigating when needed, as determined by the soil moisture sensors, and reduce the workload for farmers by automating pump operation.
The document is a summer internship report submitted by Sai Shubhankar for an internship at Central Institute of Tool & Design in Hyderabad, India. It discusses a project on automatic feeding, measuring temperature, and ejecting components using a programmable logic controller (PLC). The report includes training received on mechatronics topics like automation, pneumatics, electro-pneumatics, sensors, and PLCs. It also provides details of the internship project which used a PLC to control temperature measurement and sorting of components based on sensor inputs.
The aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer. Automated Irrigation system will serve the following purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump on/off manually.
The document describes an automatic water level controller designed to maintain the water level in an outlet at a desired level to avoid water wastage. The controller uses electrical probes and a motor connected to a power supply. It works by turning the motor on when the water level falls below a lower level detected by the probes, and turning it off once a higher level is reached. The controller was tested successfully using a 0.5 HP motor and pump. It provides a simple, low-cost solution for automatic water level control in homes, buildings, and other applications to save water and energy.
Automatic liquid filling and mixing process using PLCAMIT KUMAR SINGH
In this project, a discussion about Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) application will be explained in more details and specified. This project deals with filling and mixing of different colour liquids or chemicals in bottles/ container using PLC by the application of selector switch. System is fully controlled by Bosch Rexroth IndraLogic PLC. This prototype is used in
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2. Paint Industry
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This document discusses wiring requirements and methods for hospital electrical systems. It outlines the need for robust grounding, separation of essential vs. non-essential circuits, and use of metal raceways for patient areas. Essential systems must have two independent sources and transfer between them. Generator capacity must match the demand of essential loads. Receptacles in patient areas require metal enclosures and at least two circuits per bed from independent sources.
The Life Guard is a monitoring system for premature babies that can be worn inside or outside the incubator. It is a comfortable jacket with built-in sensors that monitor ECG, EEG, oxygen levels, and temperature with minimal wires to reduce discomfort. This biomimicry-based concept replicates the bonding and care provided by a kangaroo mother to her joey. The researchers believe this idea can improve neonatal care by reducing stress on premature babies from separation from parents and frequent sensor attachment and removal.
The document discusses monostable multivibrator circuits. It explains that monostable circuits have one stable state and one unstable state. When a trigger pulse is applied, the circuit enters the unstable state and then returns to the stable state after a set time. Monostable circuits are also known as "one-shots" and are useful for creating timing periods of fixed duration in response to external triggers. The document provides a brief overview of monostable circuits, noting that they generate a single output pulse when a trigger signal is applied and convert short sharp pulses into wider ones for timing applications.
Thermal pollution refers to the discharge of heat into aquatic environments, raising their temperatures above normal limits. Increased water temperatures can have physical, chemical, and biological effects, including increased sedimentation, decreased oxygen levels, changes in water density and circulation patterns, increased chemical reaction rates, and impacts to aquatic species diversity, growth, and reproduction. Control measures for thermal pollution include providing adequate cooling towers, storing warm water in ponds, and establishing spray ponds to dissipate excess heat from industrial sources.
This document contains information about stacks, interrupts, interrupt service routines, macros, and procedures in computer science. Stacks are a last-in, first-out data structure that uses registers to store and retrieve data. Interrupts pause the main program to run an interrupt service routine in response to an event. Macros allow repetitive code to be defined once and reused, while procedures are subroutines that are called but do not allow parameter passing like macros do.
The document discusses monostable multivibrator circuits. It explains that monostable circuits have one stable state and one unstable state. When a trigger pulse is applied, the circuit enters the unstable state and then returns to the stable state after a set time, making them useful for creating timing pulses of a fixed duration. Monostable circuits, also called one-shots, generate a single output pulse in response to an external trigger signal and are commonly used to convert short sharp pulses into wider ones for timing applications.
1. AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM
A ProjectReport
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
( IIIrd
SEMESTER)
2014 Batch
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
Submitted by
AISWARYA K SACHI (EKAOEBM003)
AISWARYA TV (EKAOEBM005)
ATHIRA.A (EKAOEBM016)
ATHIRA.MP (EKAOEBM018)
ANAGHA G NAIR (EKAOEBM013)
info.sahrdaya@gmail.com
NAAC accredited
OCTOBER2015
DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
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SAHRDAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
KODAKARA, THRISSUR
EDUCATION IS DEDICATION
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project report titled ‘AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING
SYSTEM being submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in Biomedical Engineering is a bonafide work of Aiswarya k Sachi ,
Aiswarya T .V ,Anagha G Nair ,Athira A , Athira M.P who carried out the project under our
supervision.
PROJECT GUIDE COORDINATOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
SONYN S UNNIKUTTAN VV RESHMA JOSE
Asst Professor Asst professor Asst professor
Biomedical Biomedical Biomedical
Department Department Department
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We bow our heads before the God almighty for guiding us to successfully accomplish this task.
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This project report is submitted in regard with the project work done as a part of the third
semester Calicut university curriculum. At this juncture, we acknowledge the University of Calicut
for giving us this opportunity to conduct this project and thereby increasing our technical
knowledge.
We would like to thank our Executive Director Rev. Fr. Dr. Antu Alappadan., Director,
Dr.Prof. K.T.Joseph. and Principal, Dr.Sudha George Valavi for their encouragement and
support.
We express our wholehearted sense of gratitude to Mrs. Reshma Jose, HOD of BME, who
was a source of constant inspiration. We also take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to
our project incharge Mr.Unnikuttan V V for his informative guidance and support. We express our
thanks to our project guide .Mrs Sony N.S for his constant motivation and support. We also would
like to thank lab incharge Asha .N.D and the lab assistant Nihitha Harshan for their help in
completing this project.
We also remember with gratitude the valuable pieces of information from the faculty
members of Biomedical Engineering department.
AISWARYA T .V
AISWARYA K SACHI
ANAGHA G NAIR
ATHIRA.A
ATHIRA M.P
ABSTRACT
❏ The project deals with the automation of processes such as filling of bottles in an industry.
❏ This system gives a fast and efficient operation of task reducing manual control.
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❏ The controller for this system is supplied by a single phase AC supply.
❏ The program defines the kind of task to be performed on the system corresponding to the
inputs.
❏ The signal from LDR is passed to the comparator where we already setted our reference
voltage..The comparator will compare the incoming signal and it will be less than that of
the set value in the initial stage.
❏ comparator will be turned on when the bottle is filled upto the weight.Other comparator
from the IR sensor will also produce the signal .
❏ The signal from both the comparators are given to an AND gate.
❏ From there the signal is given to the transistor which is acting as a switch.
❏ From the transistor the signal is given to the motor.The motor will pump the water to the
bottle.
❏ Thus this system gives a faster and reliable control system to reduce the manual control and
increases the efficiency of the system
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
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LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………... 6
CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………………………………………...…. .... 7
2.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED………………………………………….….…….….9
2.3 MODULE WISE DESCRIPTION……………………………………..…….... 10
2.3.1 POWER SUPPLY MODULE……………………………………….……..10
2.3.1.1 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER…….………………………………....11
2.3.1.2 RECTIFIER…………………………………...…………………....…...11
2.3.1.3 IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR………………………………………..…12
2.3.2 BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM MODULE……………………………….....13
2.3.3 BOTTLE DETECTING UNIT MODULE…………………………………..14
2.3.4 COMPARATOR MODULE………………………………………………....14
2.3.4.1 AND GATE……………………………………………………………….14
2.3.4.2 NOT GATE………………………………………………………...……...15
2.3.5 SWITCHING CIRCUIT MODULE…………………………………………..16
2.3.6 MOTOR AND PUMPING MODULE…………………………...…………....16
CHAPTER 3 IMPLEMENTATION........................................................................17
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM………………………………………………………….....17
3.2 DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………………....18
3.3 COMPARATOR…………………………………………………………...……...19
3.4 LDR…………………………………………………………………………….....20
3.5 TRANSISTOR……………………………………………………………….…...21
3.6 IR SENSOR…………………………………………………………………........22
3.7 LED…………………………………………………………………………..…...23
3.8 RELAY………………………………………………………………………....…24
3.9 MOTOR…………………………………………………………………....…......25
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………….....26
4.1 TYPES OF BOTTLE FILLING MACHINES……………………………………..….28
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4.2 REASON FOR USING AUTOMATED MACHINE……………………………….....28
CHAPTER 5 RESULT & ANALYSIS………………………………………………......29
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………...…..30
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………………...…....31
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………...…...32
LIST OF FIGURES vi
Fig 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM......................................................................................7
Fig 2.3.1 POWER SUPPLY…………………………………………………………….....10
Fig 2.3.1.1 STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER…………………………………....………11
Fig 2.3.1.2 RECTIFIER………………………………………………………………....12
Fig 2.3.1.3 IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR……………………………………………...13
Fig 2.3.4.1 AND GATE……………………………………………………………….....14
Fig 2.3.4.2 NOT GATE…………………………………………………………….…...15
Fig 2.3.6 MOTOR……………………………………………………………………..…...17
Fig 3.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM…………………………………………….……….…….....18
Fig 3.3.1 COMPARATOR CIRCUIT…………………………………………………......20
Fig 3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF LDR…………………………………………….……..21
Fig 3.5.1 GRAPH OF TRANSISTOR………………………………………………...…...22
Fig 3.5.2 TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT…………………………………………………..…...22
Fig 3.6 IR SENSOR CIRCUIT…………………………………………………………....23
Fig 3.7 LED DIAGRAM…………………………………………………………………...24
Fig 3.8 RELAY CIRCUIT………………………………………………………………....25
Fig 3.9 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF MOTOR……………………………………………....26.
LIST OF TABLES
2.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED…………………………………………………………….9
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Automated Bottle Filling system’ is a miniature form of automatic bottle filling system
used in the large scale industries such as coca cola,hair oil companies etc.so we have tried to create
an automated bottle filling system without using any microcontrollers or any other type of
programming.The industries, which are having manual process of filling, can be automated using
Automation & Controlling techniques.The bottle filling machine is available in different formats
and specifications and therefore can be selected to suit diverse requirements of packaging and
filling in various industries.
Application of Automation components as per requirement resulted the project of automatically
filling andtransporting.In this plant there are following major operations are performed.
The first one is designing the whole plant as it is in the field and secondly filling of the bottle to the
required level and then transporting it with help of conveyor.The Automation components used in
the plants are conveyor system, sensors, and solenoid operated direction control valves and drain
valves.
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After the end of a process, the filled bottle is collected and the bottle is now ready to be transported
further for sealing and packing purpose.When we want to fill a bottle without any human effort
‘Automated Bottle Filling system’, is literally a matter of easiness. This project takes a system
design approach to rethinking a piece of automation in a very small scale using simple electronic
components.
We use LDR to sense the change in the intensity of light .The IR sensor is used to sense the
presence of bottle .Also there is a reference voltage which we setted in the comparator .Which we
are mainly used as a switch.
Thus we are going to fill water into the bottle when the sensor detect the presence of the bottle
CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF THE AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM
2.1BLOCK DIAGRAM
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fig 2.1
Supply is directly taken from 230 volt line and stepped down using TRAN-2P3S step down
transformer.This supply is used to lit the LED.From the transformer the voltage is given to rectifier
circuit and to the IC.From the IC it is given to the LED.
The light from the LED is detected by LDR.From the LDR the signal is passed to the
comparator.Also signal from IR sensor,the signal is send to another comparator from where the
output is send to the NOT gate.
From the comparator in the LDR part and from the NOT gate connected to the comparator in the
IR sensor part,the output signals are send to the AND gate.The AND gate will sent output to the
transistor.The transistor pass signal to the relay and operates the motor.This motor will pump water
to the bottle.
POWER SUPPLY
BOTTLE FILLING
UNIT
BOTTLE DETECTING
UNIT
COMPARATO
R
SWITCHIN
G CIRCUIT
MOTOR &
PUMPING
UNIT
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2.2APPARATUS REQUIRED
NO: NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 LDR 1
2 LED 1
3 Comparator LM 358,U1:B,U1:A 1
4 IC Regulator U2 7805 1
5 Transformer TRAN-2P3S 1
6 Capacitor 1000uF,.1uf 2
7 Transistor BC547 1
8 Resistor 6.8k,1k 2
9 Rectifier BR7 1
Table 2.2
2.3 MODULE WISE DESCRIPTION
2.3.1 POWER SUPPLY MODULE
The direct line voltage is used to give supply by passing it through a 12 volt stepdown
transformer to reduce the voltage.This voltage signal can be passed through a rectifier for
rectification.Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power
supplies and high voltage direct current power transmission systems.
When running from an AC source(220V), a transformer is used to transform the incoming mains
voltage to the correct value required for the power supply electronics circuitry.
The resulting voltage waveform is an alternating current. This must be rectified to enable the
power to be smoothed and regulated for use by electronics circuitry.The smoothing capacitor
circuit is used to enable the rectified DC to be smoothed so that it can be used to power electronics
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circuits without large levels of voltage variation.A regulator is also used to maintain a constant
voltage level.
fig 2.3.1
2.3.1.1 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
A step down transformer has more turns of wire on the primary coil and less turns of wire on
these secondary coil.This makes a smaller induced voltage in the secondary coil.
Compare this with a step up transformer.
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fig 2.3.1.1
It is called a step down transformer because the output voltage is smaller than the input voltage. If
the secondary coil has half as many turns of wire then the output voltage will be half the input
voltage. See the transformer equation.Decreasing the voltage does not decrease the power.
As the voltage goes down, the current goes up.
2.3.1.2 RECTIFIER
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known
as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes,
mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled
rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous
electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers, called crystal radios,
used a "cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-
contact rectifier or "crystal detector".
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fig 2.3.1.2
2.3.1.3 IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a
microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material,
normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent
electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and
other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail.
fig 2.3.1.3
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2.3.2 BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM MODULE
In this unit we have used a LDR placed between the bottle and LED . A comparator is also
used At starting condition there will not be any bottles between LED and LDR, thus the resistance
will be very low .A reference voltage 2.5 is set on comparator and low resistance signal is given to
the other terminal of comparator as input.The comparator will compare the incoming signal and it
will be less than that of the set value, thus we will get 1 as output.When a bottle is placed between
LED and LDR the resistance will low since the bottle is transparent.But when the coloured
solution fills the bottle ,the resistance will increase and it will be compared by the comparator.That
value will higher than the set value,thus we will get 0 as output.
2.3.3 BOTTLE DETECTING UNIT MODULE
An IR sensor is used to detect the presence of bottle.Here the non inverting terminal is fixed
with a reference value .When there is no bottle the resistance will be low ,so that we will get an
output as 1.This output is passed through a NOT gate to get the complement.When bottle is placed
,the resistance will be higher than the set value.Thus we will get an output as 0 which is passed
through NOT gate to get 1 as output.
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2.3.4 COMPARATOR MODULE
2.3.4.1 AND GATE
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction - it behaves
according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results only if both the inputs to the
AND gate are HIGH . If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a LOW output results.
In another sense, the function of AND effectively finds the minimum between two binary digits,
just as the OR function finds the maximum. Therefore, the output is always 0 except when all the
inputs are 1.
fig 2.3.4.1
2.3.4.2 NOT GATE
A NOTgate (also often called Inverter) is a logic gate .. It takes one input signal. In logic, there are
usually two states, 0 and 1. The gate therefore sends 1 as output, if it receives 0 as input.
Alternatively it received 1 as input, and sends 0 as output.
Generally, below 0.5V is 0, and 4–5V is 1.
The inverter can be made of a discrete transistor. with other components, or several inverters may
be packaged in an integrated circuit.
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fig 2.3.4.2
2.3.5 SWITCHING CIRCUIT MODULE
Transistor is working as a switch by the output given by the AND gate which is placed before
that.When there is no bottle ,we will get 1 as output from LDR circuit and I.R circuit.Since the
output from IR circuit is noted with a NOT gate we will get an output as 0 from the AND gate
which will not allow the transistor to rotate the motor.When bottle is placed ,output from the LDR
circuit will be same,but output from IR circuit will be 0 which will noted with NOT gate to get 1 as
output which will switch on the transistor and hence will rotate the motor.When the bottle fills
with solution,output from LDR will become 0,which will switch off the transistor irrespective of
the action of IR sensor,and hence solution will not be pumped by the motor.
2.3.6 MOTOR AND PUMPING MODULE
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An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is
done by an electric generator.
In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric
motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force within the motor. In certain
applications, such as in the transportation industry with traction motors, electric motors can operate
in both motoring and generating or braking modes to also produce electrical energy from
mechanical energy.
fig 2.3.6
CHAPTER 3
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Relay circuit
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fig 3.1
3.2 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
Supply is directly taken from 230 volt line and stepped down using TRAN-2P3S step down
transformer.This supply is used to lit the LED.
Light from LED is received by LDR .IR sensor is also placed beside to LDR.Circuit will be turn
on only after detecting the presence of bottle by IR,and light from LED passes through the bottle to
LDR. First there will not be any bottles ,so resistance will be very low since the intensity is very
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high.A reference voltage 2.5 is set on comparator and low resistance signal is given to the other
terminal of comparator as input.The comparator will compare the incoming signal and it will be
less than that of the set value, thus we will get 1 as output.Another comparator is used in the IR
circuit.Since there is no bottle at first the resistance will be less than the set value.Thus we will get
an output as 1 which is passing through a NOT gate to get the complement. The outputs coming
from both the comparators are passing through an AND gate,so that we will get 0 as an
output,where the transistor will not work as a switch .And hence the motor will not pump the
water.
When the bottle is placed the resistance will be less since the bottle is transparent in
nature.Thus as discussed earlier we will get an output as 1,ie,there is no change in the previous
condition.As the bottle is placed the IR will detect the bottle and hence resistance will be more
than the reference value.Thus it will produce an output as 0. When this 0 is NOTED with a NOT
gate,the complement of this output ie,1 and the output of IR comparator ,ie 1 ,are passing through
an AND gate,thus we will get an output as 1 ,which will allow the transistor to switch on.As the
transistor is switched on, the motor starts pumping water and it fills the bottle.
As the water fills the bottle,the resistance will increase than the set value and hence it will
produce an output as 0.Since this value is 0 ,the transistor will be switched off irrespective of the
action of IR sensor.Thus the motor will stop pumping the water into the bottle.
Supply is directly taken from 230 volt line and stepped down using TRAN-2P3S step down
transformer.
3.3 COMPARATOR
In electronics, a comparator is a device that compares two voltages or currents and outputs
a digital signal indicating which is larger. It has two analog input terminals and and one binary
digital output .
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fig 3.3.1
3.4 LDR
It stands for Light Dependent Resistor or Photoresistor, which is a passive electronic
component, basically a resistor which has a resistance that varies depending of the light intensity.
A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor that absorbs photons and based on the
quantity and frequency of the absorbed photons the semiconductor material give bound electrons
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enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons conduct electricity
resulting in lowering resistance of the photoresistor. The number of electrons is dependent of the
photons frequency.
fig 3.4
3.5 TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's
terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output)
power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal.
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fig 3.5.1
fig 3.5.2
3.6 IR SENSOR
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures
infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-
based motion detectors.
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fig 3.6
3.7 LED
An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is assembled into a lamp
(or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures. LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that
is several times better than incandescent lamps, and significantly better than most fluorescent
lamps, with some chips able to emit more than 100 lumens per watt.Like incandescent lamps and
unlike most fluorescent lamps (e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs), LEDs come to
full brightness without need for a warm-up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by
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frequent switching on and off.[2] The initial cost of LED is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye
and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over time.
fig.3.7
3.8 RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are
used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical
isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by
one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they
repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were
used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.
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fig 3.8
3.9 MOTOR
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy
and is done by an electric generator.
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fig 3.9
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION OF AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM
The technology has been developing ever since the Stone Age. The ancient man applied
their minds towards the techniques to have comfort and betterment in their life.
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The same phenomenon is continuing even till today.Always there is tendency and thirsty with
human beings to develop a better technique in any working process to attain or to provide less
fatigue and mental stress and more comfort to
the operators.
The industries, which are having manual process of filling, can be automated using Automation &
Controlling techniques.
Application of Automation components as per requirement resulted the project of automatically
filling and
transporting.In this plant there are following major operations are performed.
The first one is designing the whole plant as it is in the field and secondly filling of the bottle to the
required level and then transporting it with help of conveyor
The Automation components used in the plants are conveyor system, sensors, and solenoid
operated direction control valves and drain valves.
After the end of a process, the filled bottle is collected and the bottle is now ready to be transported
further for sealing and packing purpose.
Filling is a task carried out by a machine that packages liquid products such as cold drinks or
water .Traditional methods of bottle filling involved placing bottles onto a conveyor and filling
only one bottle at a time. This method is time consuming and expensive. Our paper aims at filling
and capping bottles simultaneously. The filling and capping operation takes place in a
synchronized manner. It also includes a user-defined volume selection menu through which the
user can input the desired volume to be filled in the bottles. The entire system is more flexible and
time saving. The filling and capping operations are controlled using a Programmable Logic
Controllers (PLC’S). This is because PLC’s are very flexible, cost effective, space efficient and
reduces complexity. By programming the PLC we control the entire system. SCADA (Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition) is used to monitor the process.
The field of automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond
manufacturing. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce
the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators
with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly
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decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an
increasingly important role in the world economy. One of the important applications of automation
is in the soft drink and other beverage industries, where a particular liquid has to be filled
continuously. For these kinds of applications. The trend is moving away from the individual device
or machine toward continuous automation solutions. Totally Integrated Automation puts this
continuity into consistent practice. Totally Integrated Automation covers the complete production
line, from receipt of goods, the production process, filling and packaging, to shipment of goods.
Machines employed for filling of liquids or powders into bottles are called bottle filling
machines. The bottle filling machines are the important machine tools for the packaging process in
various industries like pharmaceutical, chemical, agriculture, food etc. The manual methods of
bottle filling cannot be applied in modern industries with bulk filling requirements as the process
can consume considerable time and may causing spilling or wastage of the products. Consistency
in filling of the bottles can also be yet another issue rising out of the manual bottle filling
processes. Therefore the special devices called bottle filling machines are employed in industrial
packaging processes.
4.1Types of Bottle Filling Machine
The bottle filling machine is available in different formats and specifications and therefore can
be selected to suit diverse requirements of packaging and filling in various industries. Bottle filling
machines are today available for meeting various requirements of filling at the industries. There
are filling machines for round bottle filling, machines for filling square type bottles and machines
available for filling bottles of different shapes and sizes. You can always find a semi or fully
automatic bottle filling machine suitable to your requirements like speed, features and
specifications desired and type of bottles to be filled. All you require to do is find a reliable
machinery supplier to get the most reliable at affordable price.
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4.2 Reasons for Using an Automatic Bottle Filling Machine
There are various reasons for why automatic bottle filling machines are preferred for industrial
bottle packaging processes.
● An automatic filling machine for bottle filling enables faster processes and therefore helps
in saving lot of time for the users.
● An automatic filling machine is equipped with automatic functionalities and therefore
reduces the labor and production costs in the manufacturing and packaging units.
● Modern filling machines are equipped with latest technology like PLC control which allow
efficient and easy filling processes.
● These are preferred for features like no bottle no filling system and energy saving which
help in saving the energy consumed while reducing product wastage during the process.
● These machines are designed for accurate and consistent filling operations.
Therefore with an automatic filling machine one can ensure speed and easy filling processes to
ensure efficient filling of liquids or powders into bottles without wastage.
CHAPTER 5
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
The project on AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM is completed successfully.
The product that the group has developed will help in initial used in the small scale industries to
fill the bottle or any other vessel.. The change in resistance is sensed by the sensor . the bottle will
be filled automatically if it is kept in front of LED.It will stop filling if the bottle is filled to the
desired limit.
We planned to use the load cell as the sensor but the output from load cell has not been
available .Thus we changed the load cell instead of that we used LDR to detect the water level.
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At first we used 555 timer to adjust the time but due to inconvenience we modified the
circuit without a timer but instead we used gates.
On progression of the project we came over the problem of calculation for the application
of conveyer belt and to rotate the tray where we are keeping the bottles. Due to short time period
we were unable to complete the automation in moving the tray.
Now we have successfully completed the automation in filling the bottle and we should
manually move the bottle.Thus we completed our project on the topic Signal Processing and
Signalling by making a working model of AUTOMATED BOTTLE FILLING SYSTEM
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
This is the project which can reduce the time as well as manpower consumption in medical as
well as in industrial field.Earlier huge machines were used for bottle filling system.The complexity
in the design of this machines was a cumbersome job for engineers as well as labourers.Here we
bring our innovation as a biomedical engineer.We are introducing an Automated Bottle Filling
System in a miniature form with simple design.
The approaching of this automated system can be an asset for society.The main advantage of our
new product is a simple logic is used here .As an engineer and all above as students we could find
different ways to get into the product and it also helped us to clear all the challenges that we had
faced during the completion of this project with our simple logics.
We can ensure that our product will be a great success since it is affordable by everyone, and it
will be a new rise in industries for their large scale productions using our idea.By passing through
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the different stages of this project we could understand the various aspects of a manufacturing
process.Since our product also involves mechanical and electrical processes we could understand
more about those areas also.
Here we have presented a miniature form of an Automated bottle filling system which can be used
in industries with developed version in future
REFERENCES
[1] www.hospitalfurnitureworld.com/emergency-drug-trolley.html
[2] www.standexsystems.co.uk/images/persolife.pdf
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[4] www.pdf-search-engine.com/pic-16f87xa-pdf.htmlkr.ic-on-
[5] www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/74946/MICROCHIP/PIC12F675.html
[6] line.cn/iol_hin23/datasheet_list/hin23.htm
[7] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepper_motor.htm
[8] www.solarbotics.net/library/pdflib/pdf/motorbas.pdf
[9] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump.html
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[10] www.elecfree.com/circuit/inverter-converter/inverter-12v-to-220v-100w-transistor/
[11] en.allexperts.com/q/Electrical-Engineering-1356/2008/1/Megger-Tester-Principle.htm
[12] www.drugs.com/dict/crash
APPENDICES