3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing that creates 3D objects by laying down successive layers of material using CAD software to guide the process. CAD software allows for accurate designs and documentation of parts, while 3D printing techniques like stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser melting, and laminated object manufacturing build objects layer by layer from digital models. While offering advantages like customization and reduced waste, 3D printing also faces limitations in materials used, maximum size, and potential safety issues.