3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that builds 3D objects layer by layer using digital files. It allows for rapid prototyping and production of customized parts. The document discusses various 3D printing technologies like stereolithography and multi-jet modeling that use lasers or inkjet printing to bind powder or liquid materials. Applications include healthcare, design prototyping, education, and more local manufacturing. Advantages are rapid production and customization while disadvantages include limitations of size and cost.