The document provides information about three penguin species: macaroni penguins, emperor penguins, and chinstrap penguins. Macaroni penguins can spend up to 4-5 months at sea, weigh up to 13 pounds, and have yellow feathers on their heads. Emperor penguins are the largest species at 35-51 inches tall and 70-90 pounds, and can dive down 1,700 feet below water. Chinstrap penguins are the most numerous species, have a black line under their chin, and grow up to 27-30 inches and 9-14 pounds.