Types of foundation building construction

1. BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION -III
SITE REPORT
BY-
KHUSHI GOYAL
MADHUR BAJAJ
SHRUTI GARG

2. SITE REPORT
SITE LOCATION-​ The construction site is strategically located at the borderline of
Puchong and Bukit Jalil (near to Taylor’s Lakeside Campus University), Subang Jaya, Selangor,
Malaysia

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE-
● Understand the basics of the construction process.
● Understand the practical aspect of construction techniques in comparison to the theory
aspect in books and its application on site.
● Exposure to the actual working environment on site including uncertainty circumstances
e.g. weather.
● Ability to communicate with the construction team members on site and to see the
importance of teamwork in the building team.
● Witness the usage of construction equipment on site including mechanical plants.
Explore and identify various types of building materials and technology on site.
● Awareness of the importance of safety on site and understanding of safety problems and
site conditions.
● Recognize the items measurable for sub-structure and reinforced concrete frame works.
SURVEY OF SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING-
Figure 1 and 2 : Wastage found at the site is not properly dealt with. The construction team only
let it flow to the drain.
Figure 1. Figure 2.

4. Figure 3: A temporary work – office is spotted behind.
Figure 3. Figure 4.
Figure 4: An information board which shows companies that are involved in this project.
Hoarding is used as defence of the site from unauthorized trespassers.
Figure 5: A temporary work – Accommodation for workers is spotted at the corner of site.
Genset is provided as temporary power supply for the workers
Figure 5. Figure 6.
Figure 6: This is a basement construction taken from original ground level. Red and white
plastic line is used to stop lawful visitors from stepping forward.

5. Figure 7: A temporary staircase that is only fixed into the soil which is very unstable..
Figure 7.
DESIGN OF SLAB-
A slab is a structural element, made of concrete,
that is used to create flat horizontal surfaces such
as floors, roof decks and ceilings.
Slabs are to be designed under the limited state
method by reference
of IS 456:2000.
● Shorter span:= 5.8m
● Longer span:= 7.62m
● Slab has to be designed as Two way slab
● Depth of slab= 120mm
Figure 8- Slab

6. Figure 9: Reinforcement bars used in the basement slab. This shows the parts that have not
been covered by reinforced concrete.
Figure 9.
Figure 10: Plastic Sheets is used to protect the slab concrete
Figure 10. Figure 11.
Figure 11: Synthetic Fibres is used to prevent concrete loss.

7. DESIGN OF BEAMS-
Beams primarily carry vertical gravitational forces. They are
also used to carry horizontal loads (e.g., loads due to an
earthquake or wind or in tension to resist rafter thrust as a tie
beam or (usually) compression as a collar beam)
SPAN = 5.8m (shorter span)
● Height of the wall = 10’-3m
● Beam size = 9”x16”(230x405mm)
● Wall load -1 11.6Kn/m
Figure 12: Beam
DESIGN OF COLUMNS-
● A column is a structural element that transmits, through
compression, the weight of the structure above to other
structural elements below. In other words, a column is
a compression member.
● There are many columns spotted on the basement
slab. Some of it had formwork and reinforcement bars
installed while some are done with reinforced concrete
poured and formwork had also been removed. Each
column is less than 4m2 which means that it weighed
8.5 tonne. (1m2 = 2.2 tonne)
Figure 13: Column

8. Figure 14: Column that wait for reinforced concrete to be poured
Figure 15: A so called “penimbang” is hung on the column to ensure the formwork of the column
is straight.
Figure 15. Figure 16.
Figure 16: There are many holes on the concrete of columns with pipes installed to stabilize and
strengthen the concrete.

9. DESIGN OF FOOTING-
● Short side of footing = 1.0 m
● Long side of footing = 1.70 m
● A rectangle footing 1mx1.7m
● Upward soil pressure = 260 KN/m2
● Depth of footing =250 mm
● Reinforcement in longitudinal direction
● Provide 12mm bars at 230 mm c/c
● Reinforcement in shorter direction :- Provide 4 bars of 12mm dia on
either of the central bandwidth
Figure 17.
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION-
Pile foundation
● Length can be readily varied to suit varying ground conditions.
● It can be installed in very large diameters.
● End enlargement up to two or three diameters are possible in clays.
● Material of piles is not dependent on handling or driving conditions.
● It can be installed in very long lengths.

10. Figure 18 and 19: Construction of pile cap in the pit excavation. Steel sheet piles are used to
prevent the soil from leaking into the excavation.
Figure 18. Figure 19.
Figure 20: An excavator is spotted while excavating soil.
Figure 20.

11. Figure 21: This area is where the biggest pile cap among all of the pile caps in the site get
constructed. This pile cap weighed around 85 tonne.
Figure 21. Figure 22.
Figure 22: Bored piles are used at the site to support high buildings that have heavy vertical
load.

12. OTHER DETAILS AND PHOTOS OF THE SITE-
Figure 23: Scaffolding is spotted in the site too.
Figure 23. Figure 24.
Figure 24: There are walls around the sides above the slab with formwork and reinforcement
bars installed.
Figure 25: Water stop is installed in the wall to prevent water from entering the basement.
Figure 25. Figure 26.
Figure 26: This photo shows the inner side of formwork of the wall.

13. Figure 27: The component that is held by the supervisor is used to tie the formwork of walls as
shown in Figure 13.
Figure 27. Figure 28.
Figure 28: 50mm diameter concrete cover is spotted.
Figure 28. Figure 29.
Figure 29: Precast bored piles

14. Figure 30: 50mm diameter concrete cover is spotted.
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