The document discusses French-based international research networks that focus on tackling infectious diseases, which cause 2/3 of deaths in children under 5 years old. It outlines 4 networks that are active in developing countries and focus on areas like respiratory infections, encephalitis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, zoonosis, dengue, and malaria. Their research tools include microorganism culture, biobanks, databanks, surveillance cohorts, and entomology. It then discusses challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the need to increase prevention and care research, and describes experiences lowering mother-to-child HIV transmission rates in various countries. It calls for more public and private investments from basic to translational research using existing

1. Tackling infectious diseases French-based international research networks François Dabis CEA CHRU CNRS CPU INRA INRIA INSERM INSTITUT PASTEUR IRD

2. Infectious diseases: 2/3 of all deaths in children <5 years Black RE – Lancet 2010 18% 15% 31%

3. The French-based international infectious diseases research networks

4. 4 networks of excellence active in most of the developing world

5. 9 Institutes Respiratory Infections Encephalitis HIV/AIDS Hepatitis Zoonosis Dengue Malaria Research tools Microorganism culture Biobank/Databank Surveillance Cohorts Entomology Priority areas Public health reference labs Research Training Asia-Pacific Region

6. The HIV/AIDS pandemic significant challenges Pressing need to increase research efforts in prevention and care 34 million of people living with HIV worldwide in 2010 2.6 million new HIV infections in 2010 only (7 000 / day) 1.4 million have started antiretroviral treatment in 2010

7. Low 4-year mortality on antiretroviral treatment is achievable in developing countries (Lancet 2006) sub-Saharan Africa (ART-LINC ) 18 cohorts 4,810 pts Europe & North America (ART-CC) Risk of death (%)

8. Lowering the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnant women Côte d’Ivoire ANRS experience (Lancet 1999, AIDS 2005, PLoS Medicine 2007)

9. From animal model to phase I/II (safety, pk, viral resistance) in Cambodia, Côte d’Ivoire and South Africa Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 2011 a, b, c, d AIDS 2009, 2010 Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009

10. Antiretrovirals for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV from phase I/II to WHO guidelines

11. Toward elimination of pediatric HIV infection by 2015

12. Perspectives Public/private investments from basic to translational research: Multidisciplinary Using existing networks Classic and emerging pathogens

13. Perspectives (2) Public/private partnerships should include phase IV and pharmaco-epidemiology

14. Perspectives (3) A viable market Deauville, May 26-27, 2011 (VI / 60) G8 encourages drug companies to work with Medicines Patent Pool and welcomes the development of AMC