In developing countries, around 40% of deaths are caused by infectious, parasitic, and respiratory diseases, compared to 8% in developed countries. The top causes of death in developing countries are infectious and parasitic diseases exacerbated by malnutrition. Diarrheal diseases are also widespread. However, non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are increasing due to changes in diet, lifestyle, and urbanization. Countries experience a double burden of disease, with communicable diseases co-existing with rising non-communicable diseases.

1. DISEASE PATTERN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY BY : MBA (HM) 1st semester

3. IN A TYPICAL DEVELOPING COUNTRY ABOUT 40%OF DEATH ARE FROM INFECTIOUS ,PARASITE,AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES COMPARED WITH ABOUT 8%IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIESIN INDIA ,AS IN OTHER DEVEOPING COUNTRIES ,MOST DEATH RESULT FROM INFECTIOUS AND PARASITE DISEASE,ABETTED BY MALNUTRITION.-> DIARRHOEAL DISEASES ARE WIDESPREAD.-> CHOLERA HAS SHOWN DECLINE TREND.Non communicable diseases (NCD) are the major health burden in the industrialized countries, and are increasing rapidly in the developing countries owing to demographic transitions and changing lifestyles among the people.

4. Top Deadly Diseases of the Developing World

7. DISEASES FOUND IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. COMMUNICABLE / INFECTIOUS DISEASE S NON COMMUNICABLE/CHRONIC DISEASES

9. Food

10. Pollution

14. DISEASE PATTERN The rapidity of the changes in developing countries is such that a double burden of disease may often exist. Hunger and malnutrition It includes death, disability, stunted mental and physical growth, and as a result, retarded national socioeconomic development. Some 60% of the 10.9 million deaths each year among children aged under five years in the developing world are associated with malnutrition. Traditional diets and lifestyles are changing, thus food insecurity and undernutrition persist along with chronic diseases. The epidemic of obesity exists along with heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes. Increasing prevalence of obesity indicates that physical inactivity is an increasing problem .

15. On a global basis, 60 % of the burden of chronic diseases will occur in developing countries, and by 2020, 70% of deaths will occur due to diabetes. Cardiovascular diseases are even now more numerous in India and China than in all the economically developed countries in the world put together. As for obesity, current prevalence has reached unprecedented levels, and is increasing at a substantial rate annually. The public health implications of this phenomenon are staggering, and already becoming apparent.

16. DOUBLE BURDEN OF DISEASE The rapidity of the changes in developing countries is such that a double burden of disease may often exist. Hunger and malnutrition It includes death, disability, stunted mental and physical growth, and as a result, retarded national socioeconomic development. Some 60% of the 10.9 million deaths each year among children aged under five years in the developing world are associated with malnutrition. Traditional diets and lifestyles are changing, thus food insecurity and undernutrition persist along with chronic diseases. The epidemic of obesity exists along with heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes. Increasing prevalence of obesity indicates that physical inactivity is an increasing problem .

17. DISEASE TRENDS IN INDIA Initial burden -> infectious diseases, maternal and child mortality. Present status -> non communicable diseases, injuries and geriatric problems.

18. Communicable diseases pattern in India : Small pox and guinea worm are eradicated. Yaws and plague are under control. Cholera : 1,76,307 with 86,997 death in 1950 now total cases are 5,000 and mortality is also low. Tuberculosis is not controled because of poor management, unavailability of drugs and incomplete treatment. AIDS /HIV increases from the past one and half decade.

19. Non communicable disease pattern in India : As a result of industrilization , socio economic development, urbanization and changing life styles, India is facing growing burden of Non communicable diseases. 32% of deaths are due to NCDs. 13% due to cardiovascular diseases. 8.7% injuries. 6.7% chronic respiratory diseases 3.4% cancer 0.2% diabetes 10 – 15% hypertension

21. Poor nutrition and sanitation

22. Infectious diseases--cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, measles, diphtheria, helminthiasis-- were responsible for widespread illness and numerous deaths

24. Causes of Death 1998 (WHO)

25. Communicable Disease Control, Global and Local: Methods Immunization (measles and many more) Chemotherapy (STD’s, TB) Water, sanitation & washing (many) Vector control (malaria, yellow fever etc.) Education/behaviour change (HIV etc. etc.) Regulatory measures (pasteurization, quarantine etc.) **Socioeconomic development

27. Appreciation of the distribution of various representative communicable diseases

28. An introduction to the principles and practice of communicable disease control

29. An introduction to the idea that International Health can be fascinating and rewarding

31. Total disease burden in 2004 amounts to 5.7 million DALYs in men and 4.2 million DALYs in women were a little higher than those in 1999.

32. The proportion of burden from premature deaths in 2004 decreased among men, from 75% to 69% and from 65% to 62% among women, indicating increasing proportion of non fatality conditions for which people lived in disabilities.

33. HIV/AIDS burden considerably reduced from 32.3 to 21.1 DALYS per 1,000 population in men but moderately reduced in women (12.2 to 9.3). This indicates second wave of epidemic spread by sexual relation with long-term female partners.

35. Disease trend in china The ageing of the population is the major force driving the epidemic of chronic diseases is estimated 80% of total deaths.

36. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES HIV/ AIDS epidemic in china. Due to high prevalence of homosexuality, unsafe sex ,infected blood donation. According to WHO avian influenza is a challenge for a country in recent years. WHO global targets for detecting and treating TB cases. But still TB is common in china.

37. Non-Communicable diseases It is expected that there will 200% increase in cardio vascular diseases by 2040 due to increase in ageing population. Due changing lifestyle obesity, hypertension and diabetes are fast emerging major non communicable diseases. Due to ageing Alzheimer is emerging as prominent chronic diseases. Due to excess use of tobacco chronic respiratory disease and cancer are emerging as a major problem in china.

38. DISEASE PATTERN IN SOUTH AFRICA

39. Ranking of Communicable Diseases By DALYs Disease ConditionDisease Burden HIV-AIDS 84.5 million Neglected Tropical Diseases 56.6 million Malaria 46.5 million Tuberculosis 34.7 million Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Ottesen E, Ehrlich Sachs S, Sachs JD PLoS Medicine 2006; 3: e102

40. The Neglected Tropical Diseases: Humanity’s Ancient Diseases of Stigma and Poverty 13 Parasitic and Bacterial Infections Rural Areas of Low-Income Countries Poverty-Promoting Conditions Child Development & Education Pregnancy Worker Productivity Burdened humanity for centuries “The Biblical Diseases” Disabling and deforming Associated with intense stigma Leprosy Lymphatic Filariasis Guinea Worm River Blindness