The document provides an overview of the 1942 film Casablanca, including its production details, technical aspects, and historical context. It summarizes that Casablanca was a highly successful Warner Brothers film produced during WWII that portrayed the conflict between neutrality and involvement in an accessible way through the story of Rick Blaine. Though initially hesitant to get involved, Rick is eventually pushed to take action, mirroring the shift in US attitude towards engagement in the war. The document also notes how the film was used for propaganda purposes and carefully timed releases that capitalized on real world events in North Africa.

1. Study Guide
EMC / JOUR 3000
Edward Bowen

2. Casablanca (1942)
Warner Brothers (Jack L Warner, Executive Producer)
Produced by Hal B. Wallis
Directed by Michael Curtiz
Screenplay by Julius and Philip Epstein, Howard Koch
From a play by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison
Music Score by Max Steiner
Starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, Paul
Henreid , Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Dooley Wilson,
Sidney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, S.Z. Sakall, Marcel
Dalio
Est. Cost - $1,039,000; Est. Initial Gross - $3,700,000

3. Casablanca (1942)
Thus Casablanca is not just one film. It is many films, an anthology.
[...] When all the archetypes burst in shamelessly, we reach Homeric
depths. Two clichés make us laugh. A hundred clichés move us. For
we sense dimly that the clichés are talking among themselves, and
celebrating a reunion.
Umberto Eco
http://www.themodernword.com/eco/eco_casablanca.html

4. The Technical Dimension
Produced by Warner Bros. at the height of the Hollywood studio system,
Casablanca embraced what is now known as "invisible style." Rather than
dazzling the eye with eye-catching visuals and histrionic acting, it seduces the
viewer by creating a seamless, lush universe that gradually envelops the
audience. Hardly an effortless accomplishment, "invisible style" required an
absolute mastery of the various cinematic elements by its collaborators,
including Hungarian director Michael Curtiz (Mildred Pierce, 1945), director
of photography Arthur Edeson (The Maltese Falcon, 1941), Art Director Carl
Jules Weyl (The Big Sleep, 1946), composer Max Steiner (Gone With the
Wind) and soon-to-be-director Don Siegel (Dirty Harry, 1972), whose dynamic
opening montage invests the film with a sense of political urgency.
Turner Classic Movies Website
http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/316%7C0/Casablanca.html
http://www.film-daily.com/2011/05/warner-brothers.html

5. The Technical Dimension
“Casablanca” is a prime example of the “Invisible Technique” of the
Hollywood Studio System, in which camerawork and lighting and editing are
meant to subtly support the story rather than being abrasive or even
noticed. So unlike Soviet Montage (“The Battleship Potemkin”), the edits and
transitions are meant to be smooth and seamless. Unlike German
Expressionism (“The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, “ “Sunrise”), the design and
lighting are meant to reflect reality, be it a stylized reality, rather than be an
expression of an artist’s view of the world.
http://youtu.be/3bNlSYc-ZJU

6. The Technical Dimension
“Casablanca” is a prime example of the “Invisible Technique” of the
Hollywood Studio System, in which camerawork and lighting and editing are
meant to subtly support the story rather than being abrasive or even
noticed. So unlike Soviet Montage (“The Battleship Potemkin”), the edits and
transitions are meant to be smooth and seamless. Unlike German
Expressionism (“The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, “ “Sunrise”), the design and
lighting are meant to reflect reality, be it a stylized reality, rather than be an
expression of an artist’s view of the world.
http://youtu.be/KDxLyS9H47U

7. The Technical Dimension
The Studio System - Stock Actors and Contract Players

8. The Technical Dimension
The production design of Casablanca has come to represent the aesthetics of
romantic longing. Its smoky casino, fog-shrouded runway, trench coats,
potted palms and gruff-voiced pianist repeatedly surface in contemporary
films, commercials, television programs and even restaurant decor as
respects are paid to this quintessential Hollywood classic.
Turner Classic Movies Website

9. The Technical Dimension
Colorized

10. The Technical Dimension
The Hollywood Montage as Exposition
http://youtu.be/CiWnFqW5akw

11. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective
http://youtu.be/70NVg_neYSM

12. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “Sunrise” (1927) F.W. Murnau
http://youtu.be/G_zhCx7C4qs

13. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “Sunrise” (1927) F.W. Murnau
http://youtu.be/LGPnUPE-mfY

14. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “Willy Wonka and the Chocolate
Factory” (1971) Mel Stuart
http://youtu.be/bkPBCKPqC5A (7:40 in)

15. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “Attack of the 50 Foot Woman” (1993)
Christopher Guest
http://youtu.be/htWY43bEYA4

16. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship
of the Rings” (2001) Peter Jackson
http://youtu.be/RMJj1ZmgxQE

17. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship
of the Rings” (2001) Peter Jackson
http://youtu.be/jDlxpnRxDJs

18. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind”
(2004) Michel Gondry
http://youtu.be/II0er7TmkS8

19. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective - The Ames Room
http://youtu.be/vhoSqSHMIAc

20. The Technical Dimension
Miniatures and Forced Perspective – The Magic of the Movies
http://youtu.be/htWY43bEYA4

21. The Dramatic Dimension
Melodrama – A dramatic work that exaggerates plot, crises, and
characters in order to appeal to or manipulate the emotions, and
often depends on stock characters or stereotypes for effect, as
opposed to “realistic” conflict and emotions.
A drama involves primarily a conflict of values within a man (as
expressed in action); a melodrama involves only a conflict of man with
other men.
Ayn Rand
http://tinyurl.com/7gd6pjk

22. The Dramatic Dimension
Exposition – Setting the Stage
http://youtu.be/ActId7BvIcw

23. The Dramatic Dimension
Exposition – Introductions
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/475526/Casablanca-Movie-Clip-Letters-Of-Transit.html

24. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback
http://youtu.be/xB_jKu6qWM8

25. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback
http://youtu.be/iq7vZTO81Ro

26. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback – “The Pawnbroker” (1964) Sidney Lumet
http://youtu.be/OLtnOGTdLO4

27. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback – “Jaws” (1975) Stephen Spielberg

28. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback – “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy” (1979) John Irvin
http://youtu.be/ezLTOK6dYPM

29. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback – “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy” (2011) Tomas Alfredson
http://youtu.be/KfU7M3RU63I

30. The Dramatic Dimension
The Flashback – “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy” (2011) Tomas Alfredson
http://youtu.be/bjoifOdIn_M

31. The Dramatic Dimension
The Hollywood Montage as Exposition
http://youtu.be/CiWnFqW5akw

32. The Dramatic Dimension
The Reluctant Hero
The hero may refuse the adventure or deny the ability to move beyond the status quo.
The heralded event may even be ignored – All of these constitute the ‘Refusal of the
Call.’
The use of magical intervention is then needed to plunge the hero into the unknown.
The reluctant hero requires supernatural forces to urge him on, while the willing
adventurer gathers amulets (magical items) and advice from the protector as aid for
the journey…
The reluctant hero loses all desire to abandon his bliss, he does not want to take on the
burdens of the world. Someone or thing may facilitate his miraculous return from
apparent death. An overriding reason is necessary to bring the hero back to the world
to save it.
Joseph Campbell, The Hero With A Thousand Faces

33. The Dramatic Dimension
Fortuitous Circumstance and Coincidence

34. The Dramatic Dimension
Dramatic Ellipses
http://youtu.be/diGOGZ2PYNE

35. The Dramatic Dimension
A May 21, 1942 letter from Joseph I. Breen, director of the Production
Code Administration, to Warner Bros. executive Jack Warner objects
to the portrayal of "Renault's" practice of seducing women in
exchange for exit visas. The PCA also objected to the "suggestion that
Ilsa was married all the time she was having her love affair with Rick in
Paris." Later, Breen warned that the script should not imply that "Ilsa"
slept with "Rick" when she comes to beg for the letters of transit.

36. The Socio/Historical Dimension
Sam
“Classified X” (1998) Mark Daniels, with Melvin Van Peebles
http://youtu.be/IXLKwXq6G98

37. The Historical Dimension
Vichy
Germany occupied France
from 1940 to 1944. The spa
and resort town of Vichy,
famous for its water, was the
de facto capital of the
collaborationist government.
The audience of 1943 knew
the man pictured here. He
was Marshal Henri Petain, the
pro-German dictator of
France, and Capt. Renauld's
ultimate boss.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/casablanca/bmp_report_casablanca.cfm
http://www.riebel-roque.com/cas.html

38. The Historical Dimension
Vichy
Morocco was a protectorate (colony) of France. The Nazi regime never occupied
Morocco, but rather controlled the Vichy French who did.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/casablanca/bmp_report_casablanca.cfm
http://www.riebel-roque.com/cas.html

39. The Historical Dimension
Propaganda
Irene Lee, Warner Brothers’ West Coast Story Editor, submitted the script to
producer Hal Wallis four days after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Warner Brothers ordered a hasty rewrite of "Across the Pacific" which
involved a Japanese plot to blow up Pearl Harbor, changing the setting to
the Panama Canal.
Hollywood had a history of supporting and being supported by Roosevelt
and his administration.
The Warner Brothers had bucked the other studios, hesitant to alienate
foreign markets, by releasing “Confessions of a Nazi Spy” in 1939.
In September of 1941, isolationist members of the U.S. Senate, calling
Hollywood “a raging volcano of war fever,” launched an investigation into
whether studio executives, many of whom were Jewish, were inserting
interventionist messages into popular movies.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/casablanca/bmp_report_casablanca.cfm
http://www.riebel-roque.com/cas.html

40. The Historical Dimension
Propaganda
How does “Casablanca” act as propaganda during the U.S. involvement
during World War II?
Is Rick Blaine, at first hesitant to get involved, eventually pushed to take
action, a metaphor for the U.S. and its hesitation at the outset of World War
!!?
Made in 1942 and released not long after the United States had seriously
committed itself to fighting in World War II, the classic film Casablanca
provides insight into popular attitudes early in the war. In addition, it lays
out some of the arguments for U.S. involvement, tracing the transformation
of U.S. policy from neutrality to non-belligerency to involvement. The
character of Richard "Rick" Blaine, played by Humphrey Bogart, provided a
heroic analogy for the historical process of U.S. involvement in the war
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/casablanca/bmp_report_casablanca.cfm
http://www.riebel-roque.com/cas.html

41. The Historical Dimension
The film premiered in New York City in November 1942, in what was called a
pre-release engagement. This showing was rushed to theaters to capitalize
on the recent events in North Africa, specifically the invasion of American
troops into the real Casablanca.
It opened on Thanksgiving Day, following a parade up Fifth Avenue of Free
French leaders, when the Free French flag was unfurled for the first time in
the United States since the fall of Vichy.
Because this kind of free publicity happens only once in a blue moon,
Warner Bros. rushed Casablanca to just one theater in New York. But it was
not seen by the rest of the country until early 1943, including Los Angeles.
As luck would have it, the national release coincided with another
Casablanca event, a summit meeting between President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin.

42. The Historical Dimension
Perhaps the greatest praise came from London, where General Charles de
Gaulle, leader of the Free French forces, requested a print of Casablanca for
a special showing to his staff.

43. “Carrotblanca” (1995) Douglas McCarthy
http://youtu.be/CgsS-PKENM8

44. “Caboblanco” (1980) J. Lee Thompson
http://youtu.be/9yjRgXGLCxU

45. “Barb Wire” (1996) David Hogan
http://youtu.be/eFs_YLy3Ld8

46. “The Good German” (2006) Steven Soderbergh
http://youtu.be/0O6YPAv1Hx8

47. “Casablanca With Bunnies” Angry Alien Productions
http://youtu.be/r2V-byGJV78