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Citizen Kane (1941)
WATCH: Martin Scorsese (Director) – Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, Goodfellas, The Wolf of Wall Street
https://youtu.be/yF-sK2UYMHY
Citizen Kane (1941)
WATCH: William Friedkin (Director) – The French Connection, The Exorcist, Sorcerer, Killer Joe
https://youtu.be/jjEhkwCosGs
Citizen Kane (1941)
WATCH: Sydney Pollack (Director) – Tootsie, The Way We Were, Three Days of the Condor, The Firm
https://youtu.be/MPz76PTQ5w4
Citizen Kane (1941)
WATCH: Jeff Bridges (Actor) – The Big Lebowski, Iron Man, Crazy Heart, True Grit, Tron
https://youtu.be/Gjqank6NGms
Citizen Kane (1941)
Norman Jewison (Director) – In the Heat of the Night, Moonstruck, The Hurricane
https://youtu.be/G_F3BUG3g_8
Citizen Kane (1941)
Steven Spielberg (Director) – Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Arc, E.T., Jurassic Park,
Saving Private Ryan, Schindler’s List
https://youtu.be/2bqY0veLqSk
Citizen Kane (1941)
Charlton Heston (Actor) – Ben-Hur, Planet of the Apes, Touch of Evil, Julius Caesar
https://youtu.be/702Jqo7uhMY
Citizen Kane (1941)
Liza Minelli (Actor) – Cabaret, Arrested Development, Arthur
One Man’s Perspective
WATCH: https://youtu.be/aeQOJZ-QzBk
One Man’s Perspective
WATCH: Donald Trump Doesn’t Understand Citizen Kane https://youtu.be/KrBuWXVEaiU
Citizen Kane (1941)
Citizen Kane – Rejected Pitches http://youtu.be/Wd9z9Y-q3Is
Study Guide
“Citizen Kane”
VFP 3000
Films and Filmmakers
Edward Bowen
“Citizen Kane” (1941)
RKO Studios, Executive Producer George Schaefer
Mercury Productions
Produced and Directed by Orson Welles
Original Screenplay by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Orson Welles
Cinematography by Gregg Toland
Original Score by Bernard Herrmann
Edited by Robert Wise
Special Effects by Vernon L. Walker and Linwood G. Dunn
Sets by Percy Ferguson
Est. Budget $ 840,000 Est. Initial Box Office $690,000
Eventual Est. Box Office $1,586,000 (US)
READ: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505270_162-57395368/citizen-kane-as-
seen-from-hearst-castle/
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Hearst Castle, San Simeon, California
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Xanadu, Florida Everglades
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
With Actress Marion Davies
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Roman a clef / Film a clef
A fictional story comprised on non-fiction elements and veiled characters.
The Supremes?
The Clintons?
Bob Fosse?
Curt Cobain?
Anna Wintour?
Huey Long?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Roman a clef / Film a clef
Somewhat like Charles Foster Kane, William Randolph Hearst –
• Was a Newspaper Tycoon.
• At 23, asked his father to let him run the San Francisco Examiner.
• Used sensational stories and inflammatory editorial content designed to boost circulation.
• Told artist Frederick Remington regarding Cuba: ”You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.”
• Launched failed bids for Mayor and Governor of New York.
• Began as a populist; ended as a reactionary. Consorted with fascists, including Hitler.
• Built Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California between 1922 and 1947, decorated with an extensive
art collection.
• Financed mistress Marion Davies’ movies and publicized her career, pushing her to abandon
comedy and take on more dramatic roles.
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Roman a clef / Film a clef
Unlike Charles Forster Kane, William Randolph Hearst -
• Was born rich, the pampered son of an adoring mother.
• Met Marion Davies when she was a famous and successful beauty.
• Never married Davies.
• Was twice elected to Congress.
“The Real Citizen Kane”
http://podcasts.howstuffworks.com/hsw/podcasts/symhc/2009-12-30-symhc-citizen-
kane.mp3
“How the Hearst Castle Works”
http://podcasts.howstuffworks.com/hsw/podcasts/symhc/2010-01-06-symhc-hearst-
castle.mp3
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
Roman a Clef
Samuel Insull (1859-1938)
• From humble origins, he helped build America’s
electrical industry and infrastructure and became a
utilities magnate.
• Married a Broadway ingénue, Gladys Wallis,
almost 20 years younger than he.
• Built the Chicago Civic Opera House in 1929.
• Third String New Your Times Drama Critic Herman
J. Mankiewicz, assigned to review one of Wallis’
plays, returned to the newsroom drunk and passed
out after writing only the first sentence of a
negative review.
Roman a Clef
Harold McCormick (1872-1941)
• Married into the powerful
Rockefeller family.
• Divorced to marry opera singer
Ganna Walska, whose career he
lavishly promoted.
Roman a Clef
By coincidence, as related by Welles in his
autobiography, he once found himself alone in
an elevator with Hearst. It was the night of
Citizen Kane's San Francisco premiere, and
Welles invited Hearst to the opening. "He
didn't answer, wrote Welles. “And as he was
getting off at his floor, I said, 'Charles Foster
Kane would have accepted.'"
William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/23/local/la-me-citizen-kane-20120123
The Technical Dimension
Cinematography – Gregg Toland
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Greg Toland https://youtu.be/dIYg-tHt86E
Cinematography – Gregg Toland
The Technical Dimension
Gregg Toland https://youtu.be/0Bq5lo6ggqw
Opening – “No Trespassing”
In the following scene, notice
• The clever use of miniatures,
paintings, left-over sets,
reflections, obscuring mist and
dissolves used to suggest and
create the estate of Xanadu.
• The use of lighting and music to
establish mood.
• The sense of constant forward
movement created by the
dissolves, past the No Trespassing
sign and into the estate, closer
and closer to our destination,
• The consistent placement of the
lighted window in each frame, our
objective as we move forward
The Technical Dimension
http://youtu.be/-r0b_XeRkG4
Opening – “No Trespassing”
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: No Trespassing http://youtu.be/-r0b_XeRkG4
News on the March
In the following scene, notice all the techniques
intended to simulate the newsreels of the day,
providing verisimilitude and suspension of
disbelief, including
• The narration and the narrator
• The use of graphics, on-screen text and title
cards
• The music
• Stock footage and apparent stock footage
• Damage to footage suggesting age,
including scratches, contrast and fading
• Wipes and other “gimmicky” transitions
• Hyperbole and other “heightened” language
• Jump cuts and awkward framing
• Historical figures combined with fictional
characters
• Limited perspectives
The Technical Dimension
https://youtu.be/6XfcWuTkSK4
News on the March
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: News on the March https://youtu.be/6XfcWuTkSK4
News on the March
Sir Basil Zaharoff
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/greek-russian-arms-trader-financier-
sir-basil-zaharoff-in-news-footage/509126127
News on the March
The March of Time
The Technical Dimension
The March of Time – Inside Nazi Germany https://youtu.be/uUsB_jRtk9E
Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking
Welles and Toland went to great technical lengths to
create “deep focus,” allowing elements in the
foreground, middle ground and background to be
simultaneously in focus.
This is turn allowed Welles the latitude to
• Play certain scenes without resorting to intercutting
or other editing
• Stage and move his actors through space unimpeded
by focus limitations
• Employ stage techniques of blocking and moving
actors he had learned as a renowned stage director
The Technical Dimension
Deep Focus
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Essay # 1 https://youtu.be/-U_qLL0L5rU
Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking
In the following scenes notice how deep focus
allows Welles to stage his actors in depth and allow
scenes to play out with less editing.
The Technical Dimension
Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Bust http://youtu.be/QrzbdfqZnSc
Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Fireplace http://youtu.be/dwBGYG6-vh4
Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Suicide https://youtu.be/J8homvzeQlg
Lighting
The bold lighting of Citizen
Kane, with its dark shadows,
high contrast, visible shafts
of light, dramatically
darkened faces, can be
traced back to the previous
cinematographic work of
Gregg Toland …
The Technical Dimension
Lighting
The bold lighting of Citizen
Kane, with its dark shadows,
high contrast, visible shafts
of light, dramatically
darkened faces, can be
traced back to the previous
cinematographic work of
Gregg Toland, especially his
collaborations with director
John Ford, whom Welles
idolized …
The Technical Dimension
Lighting
The bold lighting of Citizen
Kane, with its dark shadows,
high contrast, visible shafts
of light, dramatically
darkened faces, can be
traced back to the previous
cinematographic work of
Gregg Toland, especially his
collaborations with director
John Ford, whom Welles
idolized, as well as in Welles’
own stage work.
The Technical Dimension
Lighting
In the following scene, pay
attention to the light on
character’s faces. It was
common practice to assure
that actors’ faces were
illuminated. What are the
filmmakers trying to say by
selecting whose faces are lit
and when they are lit?
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Declaration http://youtu.be/sQxY6HctOPA
Lighting
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Declaration http://youtu.be/sQxY6HctOPA
Editing / Montage
Watch the
following scene.
16 Years in 2
Minutes over
breakfast.
Notice the technical
and narrative
devices and
solutions to
compressing Kane’s
first marriage into a
series of
representative
events. How do
things change as
time moves
forward? What parts
do lighting, costume,
set design, makeup,
music and camera
movement play?
The Technical Dimension
Editing / Montage
Watch the
following scene.
16 Years in 2
Minutes over
breakfast.
Notice the technical
and narrative
devices and
solutions to
compressing Kane’s
first marriage into a
series of
representative
events. How do
things change as
time moves
forward? What parts
do lighting, costume,
set design, makeup,
music and camera
movement play?
The Technical Dimension
Editing / Montage
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: A Marriage Like Any Other Scene https://youtu.be/Rfl2M8B9WA8
Editing / Montage
Opera Career
Again, watch the
following scene.
Notice the technical and
narrative devices and
solutions to compressing
Susan’s opera career into a
series of representative
events. What parts do
editing, lighting, costume,
set design, makeup, music
and camera movement
play in creating mood and
tension.
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Opera Outcome https://youtu.be/4XplqmjGoKE
Low Angles
Welles famously had the floor
of the studio torn out and and
a hole dug to get the camera
as low as he wished for this
scene?
Although not unheard of, low
angles were somewhat rare in
studio films of the time, as the
sets were lit from above and
seldom included ceilings.
Watch the scene and ask
yourself why these extreme
low angles were so important
to Welles.
The Technical Dimension
Low Angles
The Technical Dimension
WATCH Low Talkers https://youtu.be/8fa0bxI-I2k
Special Effects – Linwood Dunn
The Technical Dimension
READ Special Effects in Citizen Kane https://fxmakingof.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/special-effects-in-citizen-kane/
Special Effects – Original Glass Mattes
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Matte Components
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects –Matte Shots
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Deep Focus via Special Effects
Practically everything here is matte
art (by Mario Larrinaga or Fitch
Fulton) with even the reflection
upon the polished floor.
Foreground and background are
shot separately so both can be
rendered in focus.
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Matte Shots
A three part composite - the road and sea are separate plates split
screened together, with a Chesley Bonestell painted beach, tree line and
sky.
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Matte Shots
A full painting with
small mid section
live action plate and a
slow optical push in.
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Matte Shots
A multi-part composite
with mostly painted
theatre, live action
elements with stage
And standing
Observers, and a split
screened in Gettes
in the near
foreground.
The Technical Dimension
http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
Special Effects – Linwood Dunn
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Documentary SFX https://youtu.be/-8IIClXwQIY
Sound
Welles had been one of
the most innovative and
imaginative artists
working in radio drama,
and brought to Citizen
Kane an attention to
sound seldom heard
before.
One of the techniques he
brought from radio was
overlapping dialogue.
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Screening Room http://youtu.be/4G8kakbhENA
Sound Design as Illusion
Welles' most basic use of
sound was to create the
illusion of off-screen elements,
to make the viewer "see" what
is not actually onscreen. This is
most striking in the rally scene,
when gubernatorial candidate
Kane is giving a speech in a
huge, packed hall. The speech
is loaded with lines that draw
thunderous applause. In
reality, of course, there is no
huge hall, no clapping crowds,
just a few matte paintings and
the sounds of applause, just as
outside the building after the
rally we hear a marching band
without seeing one.
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Speech https://youtu.be/uNaDrnxp3L0
Sound Design as Suggestion
A more imaginative use of sound
was to add depth and power to a
scene, to evoke feelings in a
suggestive, almost subliminal way.
This is most evident in the scenes
inside Xanadu, Kane's vast "pleasure
dome." When Kane and his wife
Susan speak to each other, their
voices boom. One is tempted to say
they echo, but there is no echo.
There should be, given the size of
the space they occupy, but Welles
chooses to
just enlarge the sound, giving it a
spooky, otherworldly quality, as if
Xanadu was not just a palace but
another planet. Something similar
happens when the reporter
Thompson is speaking to the butler
Raymond: here the voices have the
sound of people speaking in a
sepulcher.
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Raymond https://youtu.be/IrOG0HqD9y4
Sound Design as Emotion
Yet a third use of sound is to convey the
emotional state of a character beneath the
surface action. The most glaring example comes
just before the enraged Kane destroys Susan's
room after she leaves him: we see a cockatoo flap
its wings and screech, the noise a substitute for
the screaming of Kane's wounded ego. A more
subtle instance comes when Kane and Susan are
arguing in their tent and Kane slaps her. We hear,
in the deep background, a woman screaming, as
if being attacked. Likewise, after Susan attempts
suicide, we see her in bed explaining to her
husband what drove her. On the soundtrack are
faint echoes of the opera singing that made her a
laughingstock.
The Technical Dimension
Music – Bernard Herrmann
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Bernard Herrmann at 100 http://youtu.be/226TtyMrJH8
Music – Bernard
Herrmann
Herrmann composed
the haunting score for
the British thriller
“Twisted Nerve” in
1968. In 2003
Quentin Tarantino
used the music for
“Kill Bill Volume 1.”
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Kill Bill Vol 1 Twisted Nerve https://youtu.be/Nv04A8XzOzE
Make-Up
The Technical Dimension
WATCH: Makeup Artist Maurice Seiderman https://youtu.be/QogORTjtivY
Baroque Style, Chiaroscuro, Tenebrism
ba·roque (b-rk)
adj.
1. also Baroque Of, relating to, or characteristic of a
style in art and architecture developed in Europe from
the early 17th to mid-18th century, emphasizing
dramatic, often strained effect and typified by bold,
curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall
balance of disparate parts.
2. also Baroque Music Of, relating to, or characteristic of
a style of composition that flourished in Europe from
about 1600 to 1750, marked by expressive dissonance
and elaborate ornamentation.
3. Extravagant, complex, or bizarre, especially in
ornamentation: "the baroque, encoded language of
post-structural legal and literary theory" (Wendy
Kaminer).
4. Irregular in shape: baroque pearls.
n. also Baroque
The baroque style or period in art, architecture, or
music.
The Technical Dimension
http://regiesh.qwriting.org/20
10/10/25/film-analysis-
citizen-kane/
Baroque Style, Chiaroscuro, Tenebrism
Baroque painting was often dramatic, theatrical and
lit with very distinct light and dark contrast.
Chiaroscuro - A sharp contrast between light and
dark
Tenebrism: a style of painting where chiaroscuro, or
using violent contrasts of light and dark, becomes a
dominating feature.
How does this apply to the style of “Citizen Kane?”
The Technical Dimension
http://regiesh.qwriting.org/2010/10/25/film-analysis-citizen-kane/
The Dramatic Dimension
Flashbacks
The Dramatic Dimension
READ: http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s59flashback1.html
Further Reference: http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2009/01/27/grandmaster-flashback/
Flashbacks
“The Power and the Glory” (1933)
The Dramatic Dimension
READ:
http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C0DE5DE1231EF3ABC4F52DFBE668388629EDE
Rosebud
The most basic of all ideas was that of a search for the true
significance of the man’s apparently meaningless dying words.
Kane was raised without a family. He was snatched from his
mother’s arms in early childhood. His parents were a bank. From
the point of view of the psychologist, my character had never
made what is known as “transference” from his mother. Hence his
failure with his wives. In making this clear during the course of the
picture, it was my attempt to lead the thoughts of my audience
closer and closer to the solution of the enigma of his dying words.
These were “Rosebud.” The device of the picture calls for a
newspaperman (who didn’t know Kane) to interview people who
knew him very well. None had ever heard of “Rosebud.” Actually,
as it turns out, “Rosebud” is the trade name of a cheap little sled
on which Kane was playing on the day he was taken away from his
home and his mother. In his subconscious it represented the
simplicity, the comfort, above all the lack of responsibility in his
home, and also it stood for his mother’s love which Kane never
lost.
Orson Welles (1941)
It’s a gimmick, really,’ said Welles, “and rather dollar book Freud.
Orson Welles (1963)
The Dramatic Dimension
http://www.wellesnet.com/?p=187
Rosebud – The Unsolved Mystery
No one finds out what “rosebud” means …
except all of us.
The power of Rosebud may lie in the fact that we
the viewers and only we the viewers are privileged
to know its meaning. Since we see it destroyed we
know that no one in the world of the film will EVER
have this insight into the character of Charles
Foster Kane. Rosebud is his lost childhood, his
absent mother, the weapon he uses against his
oppressor and kidnapper.
The Dramatic Dimension
Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness
The Dramatic Dimension
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401
Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness
When Welles arrived in Hollywood to begin his
work under a contract with RKO Studios, he
had in mind for his first film an adaptation of
Joseph Conrad’s novella “Heart of Darkness,”
the basis for Francis Ford Coppola’s later film
“Apocalypse Now.” “Heart of Darkness”
follows Charles Marlow as he travels upriver
into the heart of darkest Africa to find Kurtz, a
trader who has gone mad and is worshipped as
a god by the natives of the interior.
Marlow’s journey is not unlike that of
Thompson the reporter, trying to find the
elusive secret to character of a fellow human
being.
The Dramatic Dimension
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/28/100-best-novels-heart-of-darkness-joseph-conrad
References
Thompson, and the Heart of
Darkness
Welles had directed a version of “Heart of
Darkness” for radio, where he told most of
his stories from the first person perspective
of his main characters. He intended to shoot
the entire film from Marlow’s point-of-view,
another method of presenting a story in the
first person.
The Dramatic Dimension
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/28/100-best-novels-heart-of-darkness-joseph-conrad
References
Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness
The Dramatic Dimension
WATCH: https://youtu.be/vmw68sw7AIE
Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives
I wished to make a motion picture which was not a
narrative of action so much as an examination of
character. For this, I desired a man of many sides and
many aspects. It was my idea to show that six or more
people could have as many widely divergent opinions
concerning the nature of a single personality. Clearly
such a notion could not be worked out if it would apply
to an ordinary American citizen.
Orson Welles (1941)
The Dramatic Dimension
Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators
THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT. A HINDOO FABLE. John Godfrey Saxe
It was six men of Indostan, To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant, (Though all of
them were blind),That each by observation, Might satisfy his mind.
“God bless me!—but the Elephant Is very like a wall!”
“This wonder of an Elephant Is very like a spear!”
“The Elephant Is very like a snake!”
“'T is clear enough the Elephant Is very like a tree!”
“This marvel of an Elephant Is very like a fan!”
"The Elephant Is very like a rope!”
And so these men of Indostan, Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion, Exceeding stiff and
strong, Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong!
Moral
So, oft in theologic wars, The disputants, I ween, Rail on in utter ignorance, Of what each other mean,
And prate about an Elephant, Not one of them has seen!
The Dramatic Dimension
Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators
Rashomon (1950) Akira Kurosawa
The Dramatic Dimension
WATCH: Brian Trenchard Smith on Rashomon https://youtu.be/7cJRLGsmRLc
Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators
“The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari”
“The Usual Suspects”
“Fight Club”
“Sucker Punch”
“Titanic”
There are three sides to every story: my side, your side and the truth.
And no one is lying. Memories shared serve each one differently.
Robert Evans “The Kid Stays in the Picture”
The Dramatic Dimension
The Auteur Dimension
The Auteur Dimension
Martin Scorsese on Welles
WATCH: https://youtu.be/vXYl1ZrMkd8
The Auteur Dimension
I think a movie needs a boss. There has never been a motion picture of consequence that
has not been, broadly speaking, the product of one man. This man has been the
producer, could be the writer … should be the director… Good pictures … bear the
signature … of this dominant personality… When it is absent, a motion picture is a mere
fabrication of the products of various studio departments … as meaningless as any other
merchandise achieved by mass production.
Orson Welles, 1941
The whirlwind surrounding the making of Citizen
Kane is well known. Orson Welles, the brash
prodigy of stage and radio, earned the envy and
scorn of Hollywood veterans by striding onto the
RKO lot with an unprecedented contract
awarding him a three-picture deal, a massive
budget, and the final cut of his first film—the
Holy Grail of filmmaking. The controversial
subject of his cinematic debut riled one of the
most powerful men in the world, and upset the
delicate balance of the studio system. Orson
Welles earned every drop of ink written about
his impending career in film.
The Auteur Dimension
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/05/citizen-kane-at-70-the-
legacy-of-the-film-and-its-director/237029/
A film is never really good unless the camera is
an eye in the head of a poet.
Orson Welles
The Auteur Dimension
The Federal Theatre Project
The Mercury Players
The Mercury Theatre on the Air
The War of the Worlds
The Auteur Dimension
Orson Welles
By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a
series of innovative and imaginative theater productions.
Orson Welles
By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a
series of innovative and imaginative theater productions
WATCH: “Me and Orson Welles” Trailer https://youtu.be/KHoW2KhLulU
Orson Welles
By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a
series of innovative and imaginative theater productions
And had been featured on the cover of “Time” magazine.
Orson Welles
His theatrical achievements include a modern dress “Julius
Caesar” set in Fascist Italy, and a federally sponsored
production of “Macbeth,” set in Haiti, and with an all African-
American cast.
WATCH: Orson Welles Voodoo Macbeth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZLrqJka-EU
Orson Welles
He was also one of radio’s busiest performers …
Listen to https://soundcloud.com/enbowen/shadow
http://archive.org/details/RkoOrsonWelles-TheShadow-RadioRecodings
http://youtu.be/tzShbpY-Oqg
Orson Welles
And directed his acting company in weekly literary
adaptations for CBS radio, beginning as “First Person
Singular,” then as “The Mercury Theatre on the Air,” named
for his theatrical company.
Orson Welles
In 1938, “The Mercury
Theatre on the Air” was
a critical if not a ratings
success. Welles was a
master of radio as a
dramatic medium. He
conducted his programs
from a podium, as if the
show were a symphony,
and his actors and
technicians an orchestra.
He used the medium
with as no one before or
since.
The Mercury Theatre on the Air
“Treasure Island”
July 18, 1938
Listen to http://tinyurl.com/he6hwt2
Treasure Island – Mercury Theatre https://youtu.be/56jKvwtJJq0
The Mercury Theatre on the Air
“Dracula”
July 30, 1938
Listen to http://tinyurl.com/gm5wn4f
Dracula – Mercury Theatre https://youtu.be/SK4frrg7SyU
Orson Welles
October 30, 1938
The Mercury Theatre’s
version of H G Wells’ “The
War of the Worlds,” which
imagined an invasion of Earth
by Martians, achieved huge
notoriety after it caused
widespread panic and
listeners, believing it to be
true, attempted to flee the
oncoming invasion. Welles is
famous and infamous.
http://youtu.be/Xs0K4ApWl4g
http://www.mercurytheatre.info/
Orson Welles
He was 23 years of age.
Orson Welles
“The War of the Worlds”
WATCH: Orson Welles on War of the Worlds http://youtu.be/gfNsCcOHsNI
The contract that gave birth to Citizen Kane was an
unthinkable gamble by RKO, but the studio had
good reason to bet on Orson Welles. At 20, he
lorded over Broadway, first with Voodoo Macbeth,
a reworking of the "Scottish play" set in the
Caribbean and starring an all-African American
cast. He followed triumphant reviews by
establishing the Mercury Theatre and rewriting
Julius Caesar, setting it in Mussolini's Italy. The
curtain rose to universal acclaim. In a 1938 cover
story, Time magazine wrote of Welles, "If the
career of the Mercury Theatre, which next week
will be six months old, seems amazing, the career
of Orson Welles, who this week is 23, is no less so.
Were Welles's 23 years set forth in fiction form,
any self-respecting critic would damn the story as
too implausible for serious consideration."
The Auteur Dimension
http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/05/citizen-kane-at-70-the-
legacy-of-the-film-and-its-director/237029/
The Contract
The Auteur Dimension
WATCH: http://youtu.be/5RtNESXcOVs
Orson Welles’ first feature film
The Auteur Dimension
Citizen Kane (1941)
TRAILER: http://youtu.be/YXIr1P9Fm5A
Citizen Kane (1941)
WATCH: AFI’s # 1 Movie of All Time http://youtu.be/IGUYOQUzrKU
Citizen Kane (1941)
OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/wiS-E-u9M6A
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/03/14/movies/100000000725395/citizenkane.html
The Magnificent Ambersons (1942)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/RZOmoZMAOTY
The Lady From Shanghai (1947)
WATCH: https://youtu.be/wuMqI5AI6hs
Macbeth (1948)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/Z1_I36qHDts
OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/yTBsKBfiUYI
Othello (1952)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/Ef1NYk23v_U
Mr. Arkadin (1955)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/iPDgGxLb2OM
Touch of Evil (1958)
Welles’ 1958 film “Touch of Evil”is famous for its audacious opening crane shot that
traverses a seedy southern border town .
WATCH: https://youtu.be/EhmYY5ZMXOY
Touch of Evil (1958)
WATCH: Part 1 https://youtu.be/vN6P0NFOlgY
Even more impressive if not as ostentatious is an almost 15 minute unbroken scene.
Taking place in a small apartment and recorded in one unedited shot it is a master class
in camera movement and blocking.
Touch of Evil (1958)
Even more impressive if not as ostentatious is an almost 15 minute unbroken scene.
Taking place in a small apartment and recorded in one unedited shot it is a master class
in camera movement and blocking.
WATCH: Part 2 https://youtu.be/KxolttNBiCY
Chimes at Midnight (1965)
OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/3bWraOy6Kw4
The Other Side of the Wind (1972)
Posthumously Released 2018
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/22LLc7s8TT0
The Other Side of the Wind (1972)
(Posthumously Released 2018)
WATCH: https://youtu.be/nMWHBUTHmf0
“Ed Wood” (1994)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/_H9A9zTorrw
Citizen Kane (2010)
OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/oWteTA_XncQ
Five Minutes Mr. Welles (2005)
OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/s-4PPr3r_r0

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Citizen Kane study guide 2020

  • 1. http://youtu.be/f8Uh0fkrwIE Citizen Kane (1941) WATCH: Martin Scorsese (Director) – Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, Goodfellas, The Wolf of Wall Street
  • 2. https://youtu.be/yF-sK2UYMHY Citizen Kane (1941) WATCH: William Friedkin (Director) – The French Connection, The Exorcist, Sorcerer, Killer Joe
  • 3. https://youtu.be/jjEhkwCosGs Citizen Kane (1941) WATCH: Sydney Pollack (Director) – Tootsie, The Way We Were, Three Days of the Condor, The Firm
  • 4. https://youtu.be/MPz76PTQ5w4 Citizen Kane (1941) WATCH: Jeff Bridges (Actor) – The Big Lebowski, Iron Man, Crazy Heart, True Grit, Tron
  • 5. https://youtu.be/Gjqank6NGms Citizen Kane (1941) Norman Jewison (Director) – In the Heat of the Night, Moonstruck, The Hurricane
  • 6. https://youtu.be/G_F3BUG3g_8 Citizen Kane (1941) Steven Spielberg (Director) – Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Arc, E.T., Jurassic Park, Saving Private Ryan, Schindler’s List
  • 7. https://youtu.be/2bqY0veLqSk Citizen Kane (1941) Charlton Heston (Actor) – Ben-Hur, Planet of the Apes, Touch of Evil, Julius Caesar
  • 8. https://youtu.be/702Jqo7uhMY Citizen Kane (1941) Liza Minelli (Actor) – Cabaret, Arrested Development, Arthur
  • 9. One Man’s Perspective WATCH: https://youtu.be/aeQOJZ-QzBk
  • 10. One Man’s Perspective WATCH: Donald Trump Doesn’t Understand Citizen Kane https://youtu.be/KrBuWXVEaiU
  • 11. Citizen Kane (1941) Citizen Kane – Rejected Pitches http://youtu.be/Wd9z9Y-q3Is
  • 12. Study Guide “Citizen Kane” VFP 3000 Films and Filmmakers Edward Bowen
  • 13. “Citizen Kane” (1941) RKO Studios, Executive Producer George Schaefer Mercury Productions Produced and Directed by Orson Welles Original Screenplay by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Orson Welles Cinematography by Gregg Toland Original Score by Bernard Herrmann Edited by Robert Wise Special Effects by Vernon L. Walker and Linwood G. Dunn Sets by Percy Ferguson Est. Budget $ 840,000 Est. Initial Box Office $690,000 Eventual Est. Box Office $1,586,000 (US)
  • 15. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) Hearst Castle, San Simeon, California
  • 16. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) Xanadu, Florida Everglades
  • 17. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
  • 18. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) With Actress Marion Davies
  • 19. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) Roman a clef / Film a clef A fictional story comprised on non-fiction elements and veiled characters. The Supremes? The Clintons? Bob Fosse? Curt Cobain? Anna Wintour? Huey Long? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef
  • 20. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) Roman a clef / Film a clef Somewhat like Charles Foster Kane, William Randolph Hearst – • Was a Newspaper Tycoon. • At 23, asked his father to let him run the San Francisco Examiner. • Used sensational stories and inflammatory editorial content designed to boost circulation. • Told artist Frederick Remington regarding Cuba: ”You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.” • Launched failed bids for Mayor and Governor of New York. • Began as a populist; ended as a reactionary. Consorted with fascists, including Hitler. • Built Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California between 1922 and 1947, decorated with an extensive art collection. • Financed mistress Marion Davies’ movies and publicized her career, pushing her to abandon comedy and take on more dramatic roles.
  • 21. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) Roman a clef / Film a clef Unlike Charles Forster Kane, William Randolph Hearst - • Was born rich, the pampered son of an adoring mother. • Met Marion Davies when she was a famous and successful beauty. • Never married Davies. • Was twice elected to Congress. “The Real Citizen Kane” http://podcasts.howstuffworks.com/hsw/podcasts/symhc/2009-12-30-symhc-citizen- kane.mp3 “How the Hearst Castle Works” http://podcasts.howstuffworks.com/hsw/podcasts/symhc/2010-01-06-symhc-hearst- castle.mp3
  • 22. William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951)
  • 23. Roman a Clef Samuel Insull (1859-1938) • From humble origins, he helped build America’s electrical industry and infrastructure and became a utilities magnate. • Married a Broadway ingĂ©nue, Gladys Wallis, almost 20 years younger than he. • Built the Chicago Civic Opera House in 1929. • Third String New Your Times Drama Critic Herman J. Mankiewicz, assigned to review one of Wallis’ plays, returned to the newsroom drunk and passed out after writing only the first sentence of a negative review.
  • 24. Roman a Clef Harold McCormick (1872-1941) • Married into the powerful Rockefeller family. • Divorced to marry opera singer Ganna Walska, whose career he lavishly promoted.
  • 25. Roman a Clef By coincidence, as related by Welles in his autobiography, he once found himself alone in an elevator with Hearst. It was the night of Citizen Kane's San Francisco premiere, and Welles invited Hearst to the opening. "He didn't answer, wrote Welles. “And as he was getting off at his floor, I said, 'Charles Foster Kane would have accepted.'" William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/23/local/la-me-citizen-kane-20120123
  • 27. Cinematography – Gregg Toland The Technical Dimension WATCH: Greg Toland https://youtu.be/dIYg-tHt86E
  • 28. Cinematography – Gregg Toland The Technical Dimension Gregg Toland https://youtu.be/0Bq5lo6ggqw
  • 29. Opening – “No Trespassing” In the following scene, notice • The clever use of miniatures, paintings, left-over sets, reflections, obscuring mist and dissolves used to suggest and create the estate of Xanadu. • The use of lighting and music to establish mood. • The sense of constant forward movement created by the dissolves, past the No Trespassing sign and into the estate, closer and closer to our destination, • The consistent placement of the lighted window in each frame, our objective as we move forward The Technical Dimension http://youtu.be/-r0b_XeRkG4
  • 30. Opening – “No Trespassing” The Technical Dimension WATCH: No Trespassing http://youtu.be/-r0b_XeRkG4
  • 31. News on the March In the following scene, notice all the techniques intended to simulate the newsreels of the day, providing verisimilitude and suspension of disbelief, including • The narration and the narrator • The use of graphics, on-screen text and title cards • The music • Stock footage and apparent stock footage • Damage to footage suggesting age, including scratches, contrast and fading • Wipes and other “gimmicky” transitions • Hyperbole and other “heightened” language • Jump cuts and awkward framing • Historical figures combined with fictional characters • Limited perspectives The Technical Dimension https://youtu.be/6XfcWuTkSK4
  • 32. News on the March The Technical Dimension WATCH: News on the March https://youtu.be/6XfcWuTkSK4
  • 33. News on the March Sir Basil Zaharoff The Technical Dimension WATCH: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/greek-russian-arms-trader-financier- sir-basil-zaharoff-in-news-footage/509126127
  • 34. News on the March The March of Time The Technical Dimension The March of Time – Inside Nazi Germany https://youtu.be/uUsB_jRtk9E
  • 35. Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking Welles and Toland went to great technical lengths to create “deep focus,” allowing elements in the foreground, middle ground and background to be simultaneously in focus. This is turn allowed Welles the latitude to • Play certain scenes without resorting to intercutting or other editing • Stage and move his actors through space unimpeded by focus limitations • Employ stage techniques of blocking and moving actors he had learned as a renowned stage director The Technical Dimension
  • 36. Deep Focus The Technical Dimension WATCH: Essay # 1 https://youtu.be/-U_qLL0L5rU
  • 37. Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking In the following scenes notice how deep focus allows Welles to stage his actors in depth and allow scenes to play out with less editing. The Technical Dimension
  • 38. Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking The Technical Dimension WATCH: Bust http://youtu.be/QrzbdfqZnSc
  • 39. Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking The Technical Dimension WATCH: Fireplace http://youtu.be/dwBGYG6-vh4
  • 40. Deep Focus, Wide Angle Lenses, and Blocking The Technical Dimension WATCH: Suicide https://youtu.be/J8homvzeQlg
  • 41. Lighting The bold lighting of Citizen Kane, with its dark shadows, high contrast, visible shafts of light, dramatically darkened faces, can be traced back to the previous cinematographic work of Gregg Toland … The Technical Dimension
  • 42. Lighting The bold lighting of Citizen Kane, with its dark shadows, high contrast, visible shafts of light, dramatically darkened faces, can be traced back to the previous cinematographic work of Gregg Toland, especially his collaborations with director John Ford, whom Welles idolized … The Technical Dimension
  • 43. Lighting The bold lighting of Citizen Kane, with its dark shadows, high contrast, visible shafts of light, dramatically darkened faces, can be traced back to the previous cinematographic work of Gregg Toland, especially his collaborations with director John Ford, whom Welles idolized, as well as in Welles’ own stage work. The Technical Dimension
  • 44. Lighting In the following scene, pay attention to the light on character’s faces. It was common practice to assure that actors’ faces were illuminated. What are the filmmakers trying to say by selecting whose faces are lit and when they are lit? The Technical Dimension WATCH: Declaration http://youtu.be/sQxY6HctOPA
  • 45. Lighting The Technical Dimension WATCH: Declaration http://youtu.be/sQxY6HctOPA
  • 46. Editing / Montage Watch the following scene. 16 Years in 2 Minutes over breakfast. Notice the technical and narrative devices and solutions to compressing Kane’s first marriage into a series of representative events. How do things change as time moves forward? What parts do lighting, costume, set design, makeup, music and camera movement play? The Technical Dimension
  • 47. Editing / Montage Watch the following scene. 16 Years in 2 Minutes over breakfast. Notice the technical and narrative devices and solutions to compressing Kane’s first marriage into a series of representative events. How do things change as time moves forward? What parts do lighting, costume, set design, makeup, music and camera movement play? The Technical Dimension
  • 48. Editing / Montage The Technical Dimension WATCH: A Marriage Like Any Other Scene https://youtu.be/Rfl2M8B9WA8
  • 49. Editing / Montage Opera Career Again, watch the following scene. Notice the technical and narrative devices and solutions to compressing Susan’s opera career into a series of representative events. What parts do editing, lighting, costume, set design, makeup, music and camera movement play in creating mood and tension. The Technical Dimension WATCH: Opera Outcome https://youtu.be/4XplqmjGoKE
  • 50. Low Angles Welles famously had the floor of the studio torn out and and a hole dug to get the camera as low as he wished for this scene? Although not unheard of, low angles were somewhat rare in studio films of the time, as the sets were lit from above and seldom included ceilings. Watch the scene and ask yourself why these extreme low angles were so important to Welles. The Technical Dimension
  • 51. Low Angles The Technical Dimension WATCH Low Talkers https://youtu.be/8fa0bxI-I2k
  • 52. Special Effects – Linwood Dunn The Technical Dimension READ Special Effects in Citizen Kane https://fxmakingof.wordpress.com/2014/01/21/special-effects-in-citizen-kane/
  • 53. Special Effects – Original Glass Mattes The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 54. Special Effects – Matte Components The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 55. Special Effects –Matte Shots The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 56. Special Effects – Deep Focus via Special Effects Practically everything here is matte art (by Mario Larrinaga or Fitch Fulton) with even the reflection upon the polished floor. Foreground and background are shot separately so both can be rendered in focus. The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 57. Special Effects – Matte Shots A three part composite - the road and sea are separate plates split screened together, with a Chesley Bonestell painted beach, tree line and sky. The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 58. Special Effects – Matte Shots A full painting with small mid section live action plate and a slow optical push in. The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 59. Special Effects – Matte Shots A multi-part composite with mostly painted theatre, live action elements with stage And standing Observers, and a split screened in Gettes in the near foreground. The Technical Dimension http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2011/01/rko-home-of-kong-kane-androcles-mr.html
  • 60. Special Effects – Linwood Dunn The Technical Dimension WATCH: Documentary SFX https://youtu.be/-8IIClXwQIY
  • 61. Sound Welles had been one of the most innovative and imaginative artists working in radio drama, and brought to Citizen Kane an attention to sound seldom heard before. One of the techniques he brought from radio was overlapping dialogue. The Technical Dimension WATCH: Screening Room http://youtu.be/4G8kakbhENA
  • 62. Sound Design as Illusion Welles' most basic use of sound was to create the illusion of off-screen elements, to make the viewer "see" what is not actually onscreen. This is most striking in the rally scene, when gubernatorial candidate Kane is giving a speech in a huge, packed hall. The speech is loaded with lines that draw thunderous applause. In reality, of course, there is no huge hall, no clapping crowds, just a few matte paintings and the sounds of applause, just as outside the building after the rally we hear a marching band without seeing one. The Technical Dimension WATCH: Speech https://youtu.be/uNaDrnxp3L0
  • 63. Sound Design as Suggestion A more imaginative use of sound was to add depth and power to a scene, to evoke feelings in a suggestive, almost subliminal way. This is most evident in the scenes inside Xanadu, Kane's vast "pleasure dome." When Kane and his wife Susan speak to each other, their voices boom. One is tempted to say they echo, but there is no echo. There should be, given the size of the space they occupy, but Welles chooses to just enlarge the sound, giving it a spooky, otherworldly quality, as if Xanadu was not just a palace but another planet. Something similar happens when the reporter Thompson is speaking to the butler Raymond: here the voices have the sound of people speaking in a sepulcher. The Technical Dimension WATCH: Raymond https://youtu.be/IrOG0HqD9y4
  • 64. Sound Design as Emotion Yet a third use of sound is to convey the emotional state of a character beneath the surface action. The most glaring example comes just before the enraged Kane destroys Susan's room after she leaves him: we see a cockatoo flap its wings and screech, the noise a substitute for the screaming of Kane's wounded ego. A more subtle instance comes when Kane and Susan are arguing in their tent and Kane slaps her. We hear, in the deep background, a woman screaming, as if being attacked. Likewise, after Susan attempts suicide, we see her in bed explaining to her husband what drove her. On the soundtrack are faint echoes of the opera singing that made her a laughingstock. The Technical Dimension
  • 65. Music – Bernard Herrmann The Technical Dimension WATCH: Bernard Herrmann at 100 http://youtu.be/226TtyMrJH8
  • 66. Music – Bernard Herrmann Herrmann composed the haunting score for the British thriller “Twisted Nerve” in 1968. In 2003 Quentin Tarantino used the music for “Kill Bill Volume 1.” The Technical Dimension WATCH: Kill Bill Vol 1 Twisted Nerve https://youtu.be/Nv04A8XzOzE
  • 67. Make-Up The Technical Dimension WATCH: Makeup Artist Maurice Seiderman https://youtu.be/QogORTjtivY
  • 68. Baroque Style, Chiaroscuro, Tenebrism ba·roque (b-rk) adj. 1. also Baroque Of, relating to, or characteristic of a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from the early 17th to mid-18th century, emphasizing dramatic, often strained effect and typified by bold, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. 2. also Baroque Music Of, relating to, or characteristic of a style of composition that flourished in Europe from about 1600 to 1750, marked by expressive dissonance and elaborate ornamentation. 3. Extravagant, complex, or bizarre, especially in ornamentation: "the baroque, encoded language of post-structural legal and literary theory" (Wendy Kaminer). 4. Irregular in shape: baroque pearls. n. also Baroque The baroque style or period in art, architecture, or music. The Technical Dimension http://regiesh.qwriting.org/20 10/10/25/film-analysis- citizen-kane/
  • 69. Baroque Style, Chiaroscuro, Tenebrism Baroque painting was often dramatic, theatrical and lit with very distinct light and dark contrast. Chiaroscuro - A sharp contrast between light and dark Tenebrism: a style of painting where chiaroscuro, or using violent contrasts of light and dark, becomes a dominating feature. How does this apply to the style of “Citizen Kane?” The Technical Dimension http://regiesh.qwriting.org/2010/10/25/film-analysis-citizen-kane/
  • 71. Flashbacks The Dramatic Dimension READ: http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s59flashback1.html Further Reference: http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2009/01/27/grandmaster-flashback/
  • 72. Flashbacks “The Power and the Glory” (1933) The Dramatic Dimension READ: http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C0DE5DE1231EF3ABC4F52DFBE668388629EDE
  • 73. Rosebud The most basic of all ideas was that of a search for the true significance of the man’s apparently meaningless dying words. Kane was raised without a family. He was snatched from his mother’s arms in early childhood. His parents were a bank. From the point of view of the psychologist, my character had never made what is known as “transference” from his mother. Hence his failure with his wives. In making this clear during the course of the picture, it was my attempt to lead the thoughts of my audience closer and closer to the solution of the enigma of his dying words. These were “Rosebud.” The device of the picture calls for a newspaperman (who didn’t know Kane) to interview people who knew him very well. None had ever heard of “Rosebud.” Actually, as it turns out, “Rosebud” is the trade name of a cheap little sled on which Kane was playing on the day he was taken away from his home and his mother. In his subconscious it represented the simplicity, the comfort, above all the lack of responsibility in his home, and also it stood for his mother’s love which Kane never lost. Orson Welles (1941) It’s a gimmick, really,’ said Welles, “and rather dollar book Freud. Orson Welles (1963) The Dramatic Dimension http://www.wellesnet.com/?p=187
  • 74. Rosebud – The Unsolved Mystery No one finds out what “rosebud” means … except all of us. The power of Rosebud may lie in the fact that we the viewers and only we the viewers are privileged to know its meaning. Since we see it destroyed we know that no one in the world of the film will EVER have this insight into the character of Charles Foster Kane. Rosebud is his lost childhood, his absent mother, the weapon he uses against his oppressor and kidnapper. The Dramatic Dimension
  • 75. Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness The Dramatic Dimension http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401
  • 76. Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness When Welles arrived in Hollywood to begin his work under a contract with RKO Studios, he had in mind for his first film an adaptation of Joseph Conrad’s novella “Heart of Darkness,” the basis for Francis Ford Coppola’s later film “Apocalypse Now.” “Heart of Darkness” follows Charles Marlow as he travels upriver into the heart of darkest Africa to find Kurtz, a trader who has gone mad and is worshipped as a god by the natives of the interior. Marlow’s journey is not unlike that of Thompson the reporter, trying to find the elusive secret to character of a fellow human being. The Dramatic Dimension http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/28/100-best-novels-heart-of-darkness-joseph-conrad References
  • 77. Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness Welles had directed a version of “Heart of Darkness” for radio, where he told most of his stories from the first person perspective of his main characters. He intended to shoot the entire film from Marlow’s point-of-view, another method of presenting a story in the first person. The Dramatic Dimension http://www.jstor.org/stable/1225401 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/28/100-best-novels-heart-of-darkness-joseph-conrad References
  • 78. Thompson, and the Heart of Darkness The Dramatic Dimension WATCH: https://youtu.be/vmw68sw7AIE
  • 79. Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives I wished to make a motion picture which was not a narrative of action so much as an examination of character. For this, I desired a man of many sides and many aspects. It was my idea to show that six or more people could have as many widely divergent opinions concerning the nature of a single personality. Clearly such a notion could not be worked out if it would apply to an ordinary American citizen. Orson Welles (1941) The Dramatic Dimension
  • 80. Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT. A HINDOO FABLE. John Godfrey Saxe It was six men of Indostan, To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant, (Though all of them were blind),That each by observation, Might satisfy his mind. “God bless me!—but the Elephant Is very like a wall!” “This wonder of an Elephant Is very like a spear!” “The Elephant Is very like a snake!” “'T is clear enough the Elephant Is very like a tree!” “This marvel of an Elephant Is very like a fan!” "The Elephant Is very like a rope!” And so these men of Indostan, Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion, Exceeding stiff and strong, Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong! Moral So, oft in theologic wars, The disputants, I ween, Rail on in utter ignorance, Of what each other mean, And prate about an Elephant, Not one of them has seen! The Dramatic Dimension
  • 81. Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators Rashomon (1950) Akira Kurosawa The Dramatic Dimension WATCH: Brian Trenchard Smith on Rashomon https://youtu.be/7cJRLGsmRLc
  • 82. Multiple Narrators, Various Perspectives, Unreliable Narrators “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” “The Usual Suspects” “Fight Club” “Sucker Punch” “Titanic” There are three sides to every story: my side, your side and the truth. And no one is lying. Memories shared serve each one differently. Robert Evans “The Kid Stays in the Picture” The Dramatic Dimension
  • 84. The Auteur Dimension Martin Scorsese on Welles WATCH: https://youtu.be/vXYl1ZrMkd8
  • 85. The Auteur Dimension I think a movie needs a boss. There has never been a motion picture of consequence that has not been, broadly speaking, the product of one man. This man has been the producer, could be the writer … should be the director… Good pictures … bear the signature … of this dominant personality… When it is absent, a motion picture is a mere fabrication of the products of various studio departments … as meaningless as any other merchandise achieved by mass production. Orson Welles, 1941
  • 86. The whirlwind surrounding the making of Citizen Kane is well known. Orson Welles, the brash prodigy of stage and radio, earned the envy and scorn of Hollywood veterans by striding onto the RKO lot with an unprecedented contract awarding him a three-picture deal, a massive budget, and the final cut of his first film—the Holy Grail of filmmaking. The controversial subject of his cinematic debut riled one of the most powerful men in the world, and upset the delicate balance of the studio system. Orson Welles earned every drop of ink written about his impending career in film. The Auteur Dimension http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/05/citizen-kane-at-70-the- legacy-of-the-film-and-its-director/237029/
  • 87. A film is never really good unless the camera is an eye in the head of a poet. Orson Welles The Auteur Dimension
  • 88. The Federal Theatre Project The Mercury Players The Mercury Theatre on the Air The War of the Worlds The Auteur Dimension
  • 89. Orson Welles By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a series of innovative and imaginative theater productions.
  • 90. Orson Welles By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a series of innovative and imaginative theater productions WATCH: “Me and Orson Welles” Trailer https://youtu.be/KHoW2KhLulU
  • 91. Orson Welles By 1937, Orson Welles had taken Broadway by storm with a series of innovative and imaginative theater productions And had been featured on the cover of “Time” magazine.
  • 92. Orson Welles His theatrical achievements include a modern dress “Julius Caesar” set in Fascist Italy, and a federally sponsored production of “Macbeth,” set in Haiti, and with an all African- American cast. WATCH: Orson Welles Voodoo Macbeth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZLrqJka-EU
  • 93. Orson Welles He was also one of radio’s busiest performers … Listen to https://soundcloud.com/enbowen/shadow http://archive.org/details/RkoOrsonWelles-TheShadow-RadioRecodings http://youtu.be/tzShbpY-Oqg
  • 94. Orson Welles And directed his acting company in weekly literary adaptations for CBS radio, beginning as “First Person Singular,” then as “The Mercury Theatre on the Air,” named for his theatrical company.
  • 95. Orson Welles In 1938, “The Mercury Theatre on the Air” was a critical if not a ratings success. Welles was a master of radio as a dramatic medium. He conducted his programs from a podium, as if the show were a symphony, and his actors and technicians an orchestra. He used the medium with as no one before or since.
  • 96. The Mercury Theatre on the Air “Treasure Island” July 18, 1938 Listen to http://tinyurl.com/he6hwt2 Treasure Island – Mercury Theatre https://youtu.be/56jKvwtJJq0
  • 97. The Mercury Theatre on the Air “Dracula” July 30, 1938 Listen to http://tinyurl.com/gm5wn4f Dracula – Mercury Theatre https://youtu.be/SK4frrg7SyU
  • 98. Orson Welles October 30, 1938 The Mercury Theatre’s version of H G Wells’ “The War of the Worlds,” which imagined an invasion of Earth by Martians, achieved huge notoriety after it caused widespread panic and listeners, believing it to be true, attempted to flee the oncoming invasion. Welles is famous and infamous. http://youtu.be/Xs0K4ApWl4g http://www.mercurytheatre.info/
  • 99. Orson Welles He was 23 years of age.
  • 100. Orson Welles “The War of the Worlds” WATCH: Orson Welles on War of the Worlds http://youtu.be/gfNsCcOHsNI
  • 101. The contract that gave birth to Citizen Kane was an unthinkable gamble by RKO, but the studio had good reason to bet on Orson Welles. At 20, he lorded over Broadway, first with Voodoo Macbeth, a reworking of the "Scottish play" set in the Caribbean and starring an all-African American cast. He followed triumphant reviews by establishing the Mercury Theatre and rewriting Julius Caesar, setting it in Mussolini's Italy. The curtain rose to universal acclaim. In a 1938 cover story, Time magazine wrote of Welles, "If the career of the Mercury Theatre, which next week will be six months old, seems amazing, the career of Orson Welles, who this week is 23, is no less so. Were Welles's 23 years set forth in fiction form, any self-respecting critic would damn the story as too implausible for serious consideration." The Auteur Dimension http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/05/citizen-kane-at-70-the- legacy-of-the-film-and-its-director/237029/
  • 102. The Contract The Auteur Dimension WATCH: http://youtu.be/5RtNESXcOVs
  • 103. Orson Welles’ first feature film The Auteur Dimension
  • 104. Citizen Kane (1941) TRAILER: http://youtu.be/YXIr1P9Fm5A
  • 105. Citizen Kane (1941) WATCH: AFI’s # 1 Movie of All Time http://youtu.be/IGUYOQUzrKU
  • 106. Citizen Kane (1941) OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/wiS-E-u9M6A http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/03/14/movies/100000000725395/citizenkane.html
  • 107. The Magnificent Ambersons (1942) OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/RZOmoZMAOTY
  • 108. The Lady From Shanghai (1947) WATCH: https://youtu.be/wuMqI5AI6hs
  • 111. Mr. Arkadin (1955) OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/iPDgGxLb2OM
  • 112. Touch of Evil (1958) Welles’ 1958 film “Touch of Evil”is famous for its audacious opening crane shot that traverses a seedy southern border town . WATCH: https://youtu.be/EhmYY5ZMXOY
  • 113. Touch of Evil (1958) WATCH: Part 1 https://youtu.be/vN6P0NFOlgY Even more impressive if not as ostentatious is an almost 15 minute unbroken scene. Taking place in a small apartment and recorded in one unedited shot it is a master class in camera movement and blocking.
  • 114. Touch of Evil (1958) Even more impressive if not as ostentatious is an almost 15 minute unbroken scene. Taking place in a small apartment and recorded in one unedited shot it is a master class in camera movement and blocking. WATCH: Part 2 https://youtu.be/KxolttNBiCY
  • 115. Chimes at Midnight (1965) OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/3bWraOy6Kw4
  • 116. The Other Side of the Wind (1972) Posthumously Released 2018 OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/22LLc7s8TT0
  • 117. The Other Side of the Wind (1972) (Posthumously Released 2018) WATCH: https://youtu.be/nMWHBUTHmf0
  • 118. “Ed Wood” (1994) OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/_H9A9zTorrw
  • 119. Citizen Kane (2010) OPTIONAL: http://youtu.be/oWteTA_XncQ
  • 120. Five Minutes Mr. Welles (2005) OPTIONAL: https://youtu.be/s-4PPr3r_r0