1) The document discusses how lenses can manipulate space in cinema by warping, distorting, stretching, and flattening depth perception. 2) Wide angle lenses provide a wider field of view and exaggerated depth, bending space, while telephoto lenses provide a narrower view and compressed depth. 3) Focus and depth of field techniques like deep focus, soft focus, shallow focus, selective focus and rack focus also influence the perception of space in film.

1. Space in Cinema, Part Three
Through A Glass, Darkly
Edward Bowen
MTSU EMC 3000

2. Space
• Movies are two dimensional.
• Depth in movies is essentially an optical illusion.
• This allows depth to be warped, distorted, stretched, and flattened.
• This is mostly done with lenses.

3. Space
Watch - Assumptions http://youtu.be/zNbF006Y5x4
And through assumptions of perspective

4. Space - Lenses
Camera Obscura (Dark Room)
• Take a big box into the sunlight.
• Get inside.
• Cut a small hole in one side.
• Stand clear.
• On the side opposite the hole you
will see an image (reversed and
upside down) of what's outside.
• You are in a camera obscura.
• Put a piece of film where the image
is and expose it.
• You are now in a camera.

5. Space - Lenses
• Camera Obscura
Watch - Camera-Obscura.mov http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuJ_Jd6Qgyo

6. Space - Lenses
• Lens - A piece of glass or other transparent substance with curved sides
for concentrating or dispersing light rays.

7. Space - Lenses
• Lens - A piece of glass or other transparent substance with curved sides
for concentrating or dispersing light rays.

8. Space - Lenses
• Lens - A piece of glass or other transparent substance with curved sides
for concentrating or dispersing light rays.

9. Space - Lenses
Jan van Eyck
“The Andolfini Portrait
1434

10. Space - Lenses
Filippo Brunelleshci
The Florence Baptistry
Circa 1420

11. Space - Lenses
• Camera Obscura
Watch - David Hockney's Secret Knowledge (part 4/8) http://youtu.be/3vsBaA33GZ0
http://www.precinemahistory.net/1400.htm
http://www.essentialvermeer.com/camera_obscura/co_one.html

12. Space - Lenses
• Normal lens – A lens that creates an image similar to way we
normally see the world.

13. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
exaggerated depth; bends space.

14. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space.

15. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space.

16. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space.
• Fish eye lens – Extreme wide angle.

17. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space. “Seconds” John
Frankenheimer (1966)
Rock Hudson... Seconds http://youtu.be/DQhlCRpuX8Y

18. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space. “The Shining” Stanley
Kubrick (1980)
The Shining - Danny's Wheels http://youtu.be/lvwSi7ta0P4

19. Space - Lenses
• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of view, deeper focus,
and exaggerated depth, bends space. “Fear and Loathing in Las
Vegas” Terry Gilliam (1998)
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (9/10) Movie CLIP - Dr. Bumquist's Drug Lecture (1998) HD
http://youtu.be/ObbLapUaZd4

20. Space - Lenses
• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified field of view,
shallow focus, and compressed depth

21. Space - Lenses
• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified field of view,
shallow focus, and compressed depth. “The Graduate” (1967) Mike
Nichols
Graduate-end-scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9eIXN6Sp40

22. Space – Lenses
• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified field of view,
shallow focus, and compressed depth. “The Right Stuff” (1983)
Philip Kaufman
The Right Stuff Theatrical Trailer http://youtu.be/Ak1n6qQS3_A

23. Space – Lenses
• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified field of view,
shallow focus, and compressed depth. “Armageddon” (1998)
Michael Bay
Most Epic Movie Scene Ever - Armageddon - The Launch http://youtu.be/JZDKbRWGqTw

24. Space - Lenses
• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified field of view,
shallow focus, and compressed depth. “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy”
(2011) Tomas Alfredson
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy – Airfield http://youtu.be/Ouqe85vvTsw

25. Space - Lenses
• Wide Lens “The Fisher King” (1991)
Watch The Fisher King (1/8) – The Janitor of God https://youtu.be/aW4x-PAnrO8

26. Space - Lenses
• Telephoto Lens “The Fisher King” (1991)
Watch The Fisher King – Dance Scene https://youtu.be/YRDpXyZFn1Q

27. Space - Lenses
• Focus - An image that is sharp with details precisely defined.

28. Space - Lenses
• Focus - An image that is sharp with details precisely defined.
• Deep Focus -When everything, or almost everything, in a shot is
clearly in focus, deep focus is achieved.
CINEMA-ESSAY--1---DEEP-FOCUS https://vimeo.com/19915642 http://youtu.be/-U_qLL0L5rU

29. Space - Lenses
• Deep Focus -When everything, or almost everything, in a shot is clearly in
focus, deep focus is achieved. “Citizen Kane” (1941) Orson Welles
Citizen-Kane-—-Fired http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UeqAXas-oA

30. Space - Lenses
• Deep Focus -When everything, or almost everything, in a shot is clearly in
focus, deep focus is achieved. “Citizen Kane” (1941) Orson Welles
Citizen Kane – Perspective http://youtu.be/kiYg8sbhqNc

31. Space - Lenses
• Soft Focus - Certain creative situations call for images that are not
harsh and sharp but muted. Soft focus is usually achieved by
placing something in front of the lens (gauze), something on the lens
(Vaseline), or slightly defocusing the lens. Older actors used to
insist on gauze shots in closeups in order to hide the signs of their
age. “Casablanca” (1942) Michael Curtiz

32. Space - Lenses
• Soft Focus - “Vampyr” (1931) Carl Theodor Dreyer
In a Glass Darkly http://youtu.be/qvXsP3lhIPw

33. Space - Lenses
• Soft Focus - “Vampyr” (1931) Carl Theodor Dreyer
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/82463/Vampyr-Movie-Clip-Shadows.html
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/82468/Vampyr-Movie-Clip-Coffin.html

34. Space - Lenses
• Shallow Focus – The foreground before and the background beyond
the subject are out of focus, creating a limited depth of focus.
• Selective Focus - Deciding which elements in a shot will be in and
out of focus.
• Rack Focus - Shifting focus during a shot.

35. Space - Lenses
• Shallow Focus, Selective Focus
CINEMA ESSAY #2: SHALLOW FOCUS https://vimeo.com/24049353 http://youtu.be/6dRc5s2AxgA

36. Space - Lenses
• Shallow Focus, Selective Focus, Rack Focus – ”Young Victoria”
(2010) Jean-Marc Vallee
http://mtmedia.mtsu.edu:8888/ebowen/Young Victoria Rack Focus.mov

37. Space - Lenses
• Shallow Focus, Selective Focus, Rack Focus – “Apricot” (2009) Ben
Briand
APRICOT — A Short Film by Ben Briand https://vimeo.com/8076064 http://youtu.be/hIV-TjNEEVc