30 S 1 3 Identifysitesofchemdigestionalongdigestivetract
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DMCILesson 1.3 discusses the functions of secretions along the digestive tract. It defines chemical digestion as the breakdown of nutrients by enzymes and explains that enzymes speed up the process of hydrolysis. It also identifies the functions of specific secretions in the mouth (amylase), stomach (pepsin, hydrochloric acid), and small intestine (pancreatic juice, bile salts) during chemical digestion.
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The document discusses the human digestive system. It explains that digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Enzymes play an important role in speeding up digestion at body temperature. It lists the source, substrate, products and optimal pH for amylase, protease and lipase. Diagrams of the digestive system and villi are included to show their structures and roles in digestion, absorption and transport of nutrients.
Carbohydrates 1
Carbohydrates provide energy for the body and are broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is the main energy source and is either used immediately or stored as glycogen in animals. Plants store carbohydrates as starch. Carbohydrates also play structural roles in plants as cellulose and in insects as chitin. They serve as precursor molecules and form part of DNA and RNA. Carbohydrates undergo various metabolic pathways including glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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“Carbohydrates” When people hear this word
the first thing comes to their mind is “weight gain”. Many weight loss plans which captured the attention of public are designed with less carbs as a result more groups of people believe that carbohydrates are inherently bad.
Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy
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Used for oxidation of fates
Also for the synthesis of certain non-essential amino acid
OCCURRENCE
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Carbohydrates 1
Carbohydrates provide energy for the body and are broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is the main energy source and is either used immediately or stored as glycogen in animals. Plants store carbohydrates as starch. Carbohydrates also play structural roles in plants as cellulose and in insects as chitin. They serve as precursor molecules and form part of DNA and RNA. Carbohydrates undergo various metabolic pathways including glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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30 S 1 2 Processesofmechanicaldigestion
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The document discusses the human digestive system. It explains that digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Enzymes play an important role by speeding up digestion. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Absorption takes nutrients into the bloodstream while assimilation incorporates them into body tissues. The small intestine contains villi with microvilli that increase absorption surface area.
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Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces. It is accomplished through chewing with teeth, contractions of stomach muscles that churn food into a liquid mixture called chyme, and allows chemicals in the stomach and intestines to further digest the food. If a person had no teeth, they would be unable to break down food for proper chemical digestion in the stomach and intestines.
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The document discusses the human digestive system. It explains that digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Enzymes play an important role by speeding up digestion. The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. Absorption takes nutrients into the bloodstream while assimilation incorporates them into body tissues. The small intestine contains villi with microvilli that increase absorption surface area.
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1. The document discusses carbohydrates, which are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and come from photosynthesis.
2. Carbohydrates are classified as simple or complex, with simple carbohydrates being monosaccharides or disaccharides, and complex being polysaccharides.
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Conclusion
reference
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753 Learning OutcomesAfter reading this chapter, .docx
75
3
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
3.1 Describe the processes and organs involved in
digestion.
3.2 Explain how food is propelled through the gas-
trointestinal tract.
3.3 Identify the role of enzymes and other secre-
tions in chemical digestion.
3.4 Describe how digested nutrients are absorbed.
3.5 Explain how hormones and the nervous sys-
tem regulate digestion.
3.6 Explain how absorbed nutrients are trans-
ported throughout the body.
3.7 Discuss the most common digestive disorders.
True or False?
1. Saliva can alter the taste of food. T/F
2. Without mucus, the stomach would digest itself. T/F
3. The major function of bile is to emulsify fats. T/F
4. Acid reflux is caused by gas in the stom-ach. T/F
5. The primary function of the large intes-tine is to absorb water. T/F
6. Feces contain a high amount of bacteria. T/F
7. The lymphatic system transports all nutrients through the body once they’ve been absorbed. T/F
8. Hormones play an important role in digestion. T/F
9. Diarrhea is always caused by bacterial infection. T/F
10. Irritable bowel syndrome is caused by an allergy to gluten. T/F
See page 110 for the answers.
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76 Chapter 3 | Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
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How the Body Gets Nutrients from Foods: With Doctor Bones "The Funny Man of Health" aka Don R. Mueller, Ph.D.
two types of digestion
This document discusses the two types of digestion: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food using mechanical forces, like chewing. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food into nutrients at a molecular level using digestive enzymes. The document then describes where each type of digestion occurs within the digestive system, including mechanical digestion in the mouth by chewing and chemical digestion by saliva breaking down carbs. It further explains mechanical and chemical digestion in other parts like the stomach and small intestine.
Absorption and transport of nutrients
- Nutrients from digested food are absorbed through the mucosa of the small intestine into the bloodstream and transported to other parts of the body.
- Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, water and salt are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes in the saliva, stomach, pancreas and small intestine lining so they can be absorbed and used by the body.
- The digestive system breaks down food through mechanical and chemical processes to break nutrients into a form the body can use for energy, building cells, and other functions.
6.1 digestion HL Year One
The document provides information about the digestive system. It discusses:
- How the small intestine mixes food with enzymes via muscle contraction and moves it along.
- The pancreas secretes enzymes like amylase, lipase, and an endopeptidase into the small intestine to digest macromolecules.
- Enzymes digest most macromolecules into monomers in the small intestine.
- Villi in the small intestine increase absorption surface area and absorb monomers and nutrients.
- Different membrane transport methods are required to absorb different nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
Digestive system iii
The document summarizes the human digestive system process from mouth to anus. It describes the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that occurs in each part of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Key processes involve teeth and enzyme breakdown of food, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and elimination of waste from the large intestine and anus.
Digestive ii
The document summarizes the human digestive system process from mouth to anus. It describes the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that occurs in each part of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Key processes involve teeth and enzyme breakdown of food, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and elimination of waste from the large intestine and anus.
Unit 37 wk1
This document outlines Unit 37 which focuses on biological principles, chemical processes, and principles of physics related to beauty therapy. It describes key concepts like cell membranes, osmosis, diffusion, and how the body obtains and uses energy. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that allow passage of molecules via diffusion and osmosis. The body breaks down foods into smaller molecules and obtains chemical energy which it converts to mechanical and thermal energy through various chemical processes in the cells and mitochondria. Nutrients, oxygen, and water enter and leave cells by different transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
Ib fiology01
The document provides information about the human digestive and transport systems. It begins by explaining why digestion of large molecules is essential, and the need for enzymes to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It then gives examples of specific enzymes like amylase, pepsin, and lipase involved in digesting starches, proteins, and fats. Diagrams of the digestive system and heart are also included. The functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine in digestion are outlined. It distinguishes between absorption and assimilation, and explains how villi in the small intestine aid absorption. Finally, it provides details about the heart and circulatory system, including the components of blood and substances it transports.
Presentation part a
The document describes key aspects of digestion, including:
1) The process of peristalsis which uses waves of muscle contractions to move food through the digestive system.
2) How complex substances like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down by enzymes from the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines.
3) The roles of digestive juices and substances like bile in chemically breaking down food molecules so they can be absorbed in the small intestine.
Digestive system
This document provides an overview of the human digestive system. It describes the major organs involved including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and liver. It explains the functions of these organs such as mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as well as absorption of nutrients. Key processes include chewing and saliva breakdown in the mouth, peristalsis through the esophagus, acid and enzyme breakdown in the stomach, further enzyme breakdown and absorption in the small intestine, water absorption and storage in the large intestine, and processing of nutrients by the liver.
CHAPTER 22 Nutrition and MetabolismSTUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 22 Nutrition and Metabolism
STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the completion of this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
1.Define and outline the differences between nutrition and metabolism.
2.Define these terms: assimilation, catabolism, anabolism.
3.Outline the process of carbohydrate metabolism.
4.Discuss the roles of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain in the production of cellular energy.
5.List the hormones involved in the control of glucose metabolism.
6.Outline the role of lipids, their transport, and their metabolism.
7.Outline the role of proteins and their metabolism.
8.Discuss the difference between vitamins and minerals and their roles in metabolism.
9.Discuss the factors that control and influence metabolic rate.
LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE
Before reading the chapter, say each of these terms out loud. This will help you avoid stumbling over them as you read.
amino acid (ah-MEE-no ASS-id)
[amino NH2, acid sour]
anabolism (ah-NAB-oh-liz-em)
[anabol- build up, -ism action]
antioxidant (an-tee-OK-seh-dent)
[anti- against, -oxi- sharp (oxygen), -ant agent]
appetite center
assimilation (ah-sim-ih-LAY-shun)
[assimila- make alike, -tion process]
ATP synthase (SIN-thays)
[ATP adenosine triphosphate, syn- together, -ase enzyme]
basal metabolic rate (BMR) (BAY-sal met-ah-BAHL-ik)
[bas- basis, -al relating to, metabol- change, -ic relating to]
calcitriol (kal-SIT-ree-ol)
[calci- lime (calcium), -tri- three, -ol alcohol (after 1,25-D3 or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)]
catabolism (kah-TAB-oh-liz-em)
[catabol- break down, -ism action]
cellulose (SELL-yoo-lohs)
[cell- storeroom (cell), -ul- small, -ose carbohydrate]
chylomicron (kye-loh-MYE-kron)
[chylo- juice (chyle), -micro- small, -on particle]
citric acid cycle (SIT-rik ASS-id SYE-kul)
[citr- citron tree, -ic relating to, acidus sour, kyklos circle]
coenzyme (koh-EN-zyme)
[co- together, -en- in, -zyme ferment]
deamination (dee-am-ih-NAY-shun)
[de- undo, -amin- ammonia compound, -ation process]
electron transport system (eh-LEK-tron TRANZ-port SIS-tem)
[electr- electric, -on unit, trans- across, -port carry, system organized whole]
essential fatty acid
[acid sour]
free fatty acid (FFA)
[acid sour]
glucose phosphorylation (GLOO-kohs fos-for-ih-LAY-shun)
[gluco- sweet, -ose carbohydrate (sugar), phos- light, -phor- carry, -yl- chemical, -ation process]
glycolysis (glye-KOHL-ih-sis)
[glyco- sweet (glucose), -o- combining form, -lysis loosening]
hyperglycemia (hye-per-gly-SEE-mee-ah)
[hyper- above, -glyc- sweet (glucose), -emia blood condition]
hypoglycemia (hye-poh-gly-SEE-mee-ah)
[hypo- below, -glyc- sweet (glucose), -emia blood condition]
lipid (LIP-id)
[lip- fat, -id form]
lipogenesis (lip-oh-JEN-eh-sis)
[lipo- fat, -gen- produce, -esis process]
lipoprotein (lip-oh-PROH-teen)
[lipo- fat, prote- primary, -in substance]
macronutrient (MAK-roh-NOO-tree-ent)
[macro- large, -nutri- nourish, -ent agent]
metabolic rate (met-ah-BOL-ik)
[met ...
Digestive system 3.3 (m2)
The human digestive system breaks down food through physical and chemical digestion. Physical digestion involves chewing and stomach churning while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break foods into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth and travels through the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. In each section, glands secrete enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids that the body can absorb.
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753 Learning OutcomesAfter reading this chapter, .docx
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Quarter-4-Module-1-Structures-and-Functions-of-the-Digestive-System.pptx
Quarter-4-Module-1-Structures-and-Functions-of-the-Digestive-System.pptx
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CHAPTER 22 Nutrition and MetabolismSTUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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