This document summarizes different types of farming systems around the world: 1) Traditional/subsistence agriculture is practiced in underdeveloped countries using simple techniques like burning and sowing, with a focus on self-consumption and communal ownership. 2) Plantation and industrial agriculture are speculative and use intensive techniques, a single crop, wage laborers and private ownership to produce for profit. 3) Commercial agriculture produces crops tailored to market demands, using both intensive and extensive techniques across oceanic and mediterranean regions for profit.

2. World farming systems
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET AFRICULTURE
SPECULATIVE AGRIC. COMMERCIAL
AGR.
PLANTATION AGR. INDUSTRIAL AGR.

3. The TRADITIONAL farming system
Also called SUBSISTENCE agriculture.
1/5 of world agriculture.
Hunting, fruit gathering, nomadic agriculture (these 3
rare nowadays) or animal husbandry are also part of
traditional farming.

4. Techniques
EXTENSIVE FARMING (no technology)

5. Burning and sowing in the
ashes
Fallow lands

6. EQUIPMENT
SIMPLE: axe, hoe, stick…

7. Crop diversity and CROPS
Multiple crop: cereals and animal husbandry

10. Purpose of production:
SELF CONSUMPTION

11. Workforce
Families,
People from
the community…

12. WHERE?
Underdeveloped countries

13. Ownership
COMMUNAL,
public
(not private)

14. Plantation Farming
It originated at colonial times.
Also called SPECULATIVE farming.

15. Techniques
EXTENSIVE farming (no technologies)

16. Crop diversity
and crops
Single crop: Cocoa, cotton,
cofee, bananas, rubber…

17. Purpose of production:
To obtain benefits

18. Workforce
Natives  Slaves  Wage labourers
(workers who receive a salary)

19. Where?
In or near the tropics. Underdeveloped/developing

20. Ownership

21. INDUSTRIAL FARMING
This is also SPECULATIVE farming. In fact,
it’s simmilar to PLANTATION farming, but
instead of using extensive techniques, they
use INTENSIVE ones.

22. TECHNIQUES: Completely INTENSIVE
All the mechanical, technical and scientific advances of the green
revolution are used.

23. EQUIPMENT: mechanical, technical and scientifical advances

24. Also genetical
modification of
food
(Green
Revolution)

25. CROP DIVERSITY and CROPS
Usually SINGLE CROP
Animals, different crop

26. WORKFORCE
Wage labourers.
Little labour needed as a consequence of
complete mechanisation

27. WHERE?

28. Ownership

29. Commercial farming
Farming type specialised in certain crops as dictated by
prices and profits. Also called MARKET farming.
It’s divided in 2 regions:
The ATLANTIC region
(where climate is Oceanic)
The MEDITERRANEAN region
(where climate is Mediterranean)

30. Techniques / Crop diversity
Both INTENSIVE and EXTENSIVE
Mostly SINGLE-CROP

31. In Oceanic climate regions…
INTENSIVE CATTLE-RAISING or…

32. EXTENSIVE
CATTLE RAISING
Pasture in grazing lands or
meadow lands

33. In Mediterranean climate regions…
Both EXTENSIVE and INTENSIVE farming
EXTENSIVE:
ORCHARDS
(oranges,
Lemons…)

34. VINEYARDS

35. OLIVES

36. CEREAL

37. Or INTENSIVE farming (vegetables in greenhouses)

38. EQUIPMENT Advanced tools and machines

39. Purpose of production:
To obtain benefits

40. WORKFORCE
Temporary labour

41. WHERE?

42. Ownership