3, results of the gulf war
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The Gulf War resulted in a successful military operation that removed Iraqi forces from Kuwait and restored the Al-Sabah family to power. However, it did little to bring stability to the Middle East. While allied casualties were low, Iraqi casualties were estimated to be between 20,000-200,000 deaths. Iraq's infrastructure and environment suffered extensive damage. The war strengthened US influence in the region but also increased anti-American sentiment in some Muslim communities. It failed to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq.
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Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, claiming Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil and territory. Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein expected the US and Saudi Arabia would not intervene. However, the US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait under Operation Desert Shield. In January 1991, the US-led coalition launched a massive air campaign called Operation Desert Storm targeting Iraqi forces and infrastructure. After weeks of aerial bombardment and missile attacks, a short ground invasion by US-led forces in February 1991 crushed the Iraqi army and liberated Kuwait within 100 hours, with minimal allied casualties. The war re-established US credibility and intervention in the region.
The gulf war
The Gulf War was a U.N authorized coalition force led by the U.S. against Iraq in 1990-1991 after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Iraq was deeply in debt to Kuwait after the costly Iran-Iraq War and invaded Kuwait on August 2nd, 1990 after Kuwait refused to cancel Iraq's debts. The U.S.-led coalition included forces from 34 countries which launched a massive air and ground assault driving Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and imposing a ceasefire. The war had both immediate impacts like destabilizing Iraq's economy and long term effects such as major environmental damage and health issues for veterans.
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Here are some reflection questions to consider:
- Briefly describe one reaction to the Iraq invasion of Kuwait: The Arab League voted to condemn Iraq's actions and withdraw support, but some members did not support this vote, showing divisions in responses.
- What were the categories of impacts of the Iraq-Kuwait War: Impacts on Kuwait, Iraq, the region/environment, and internationally.
- What was the UN's role in the Iraq-Kuwait War? The UN passed resolutions demanding withdrawal and instituted economic sanctions in an effort to force withdrawal, giving legitimacy to the military intervention.
- Is this war an example of how UN is successful in managing peace and stability? It shows both success, by must
Persian gulf war,etc
The United States has had significant political and economic interests in the Middle East for over a century due to large oil supplies in the region that are important for the US energy supply. This led the US to join a UN coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait in the 1990 Gulf War after Iraq invaded to control Kuwait's oil. Subsequently, the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to defeat al-Qaeda and the Taliban government that supported it following 9/11, and invaded Iraq in 2003 over claims Iraq had WMDs and ties to terrorism. US troops remain engaged in both countries today.
gulf war
- In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait which led the U.S. to launch Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia. In January 1991, the U.S. led a coalition in Operation Desert Storm that began an aerial bombing campaign against Iraq and drove its forces from Kuwait in a brief ground assault. The war ended in February 1991 after Iraq's defeat and agreement to a ceasefire.
Gulf war presentation
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Iraq war
The relationship between Iraq and Kuwait worsened due to three main factors:
1. Iraq's struggling economy after the costly Iran-Iraq war led to massive debts that it wanted to pay off from oil revenues.
2. Kuwait and UAE increased oil production in violation of OPEC quotas, causing oil prices to plummet and Iraq to lose $1 billion in oil sales revenue per price drop.
3. A territorial dispute centered around the jointly owned Rumaila Oilfield along an unclearly defined border inherited from Britain.
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Persian Gulf War
The Persian Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, claiming Kuwait was stealing Iraqi oil and territory. Iraq's leader Saddam Hussein expected the US and Saudi Arabia would not intervene. However, the US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and liberate Kuwait under Operation Desert Shield. In January 1991, the US-led coalition launched a massive air campaign called Operation Desert Storm targeting Iraqi forces and infrastructure. After weeks of aerial bombardment and missile attacks, a short ground invasion by US-led forces in February 1991 crushed the Iraqi army and liberated Kuwait within 100 hours, with minimal allied casualties. The war re-established US credibility and intervention in the region.
The gulf war
The Gulf War was a U.N authorized coalition force led by the U.S. against Iraq in 1990-1991 after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Iraq was deeply in debt to Kuwait after the costly Iran-Iraq War and invaded Kuwait on August 2nd, 1990 after Kuwait refused to cancel Iraq's debts. The U.S.-led coalition included forces from 34 countries which launched a massive air and ground assault driving Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and imposing a ceasefire. The war had both immediate impacts like destabilizing Iraq's economy and long term effects such as major environmental damage and health issues for veterans.
Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Sec4 express chapter1(managing peace & security-iraq&kuwait)lect2
Here are some reflection questions to consider:
- Briefly describe one reaction to the Iraq invasion of Kuwait: The Arab League voted to condemn Iraq's actions and withdraw support, but some members did not support this vote, showing divisions in responses.
- What were the categories of impacts of the Iraq-Kuwait War: Impacts on Kuwait, Iraq, the region/environment, and internationally.
- What was the UN's role in the Iraq-Kuwait War? The UN passed resolutions demanding withdrawal and instituted economic sanctions in an effort to force withdrawal, giving legitimacy to the military intervention.
- Is this war an example of how UN is successful in managing peace and stability? It shows both success, by must
Persian gulf war,etc
The United States has had significant political and economic interests in the Middle East for over a century due to large oil supplies in the region that are important for the US energy supply. This led the US to join a UN coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait in the 1990 Gulf War after Iraq invaded to control Kuwait's oil. Subsequently, the US invaded Afghanistan in 2001 to defeat al-Qaeda and the Taliban government that supported it following 9/11, and invaded Iraq in 2003 over claims Iraq had WMDs and ties to terrorism. US troops remain engaged in both countries today.
gulf war
- In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait which led the U.S. to launch Operation Desert Shield to protect Saudi Arabia. In January 1991, the U.S. led a coalition in Operation Desert Storm that began an aerial bombing campaign against Iraq and drove its forces from Kuwait in a brief ground assault. The war ended in February 1991 after Iraq's defeat and agreement to a ceasefire.
Gulf war presentation
Presentation on conflict that occurred between Iraq and UN\NATO\USA, due to Iraq's invasion in Kuwait.
Provides background on Geopolitics and proves that wars occur mostly for the resources
Iraq war
The relationship between Iraq and Kuwait worsened due to three main factors:
1. Iraq's struggling economy after the costly Iran-Iraq war led to massive debts that it wanted to pay off from oil revenues.
2. Kuwait and UAE increased oil production in violation of OPEC quotas, causing oil prices to plummet and Iraq to lose $1 billion in oil sales revenue per price drop.
3. A territorial dispute centered around the jointly owned Rumaila Oilfield along an unclearly defined border inherited from Britain.
Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
The Gulf War was an international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 over disputes about oil fields. The US formed a coalition including Arab nations to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. When Iraq missed a UN deadline, the coalition launched a massive air offensive and quick ground invasion, resulting in high Iraqi casualties and environmental damage. The war ended Iraq's ambitions in the region but its compliance with disarmament terms would continue to be an issue.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began on August 2, 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, wanting control of their oil reserves. In response, a US-led coalition formed to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. After passing UN resolutions and deadlines, the coalition launched an air campaign on January 16, 1991 followed by a ground invasion on February 24th. By February 26th, a decisive tank battle against the Republican Guard occurred, and on February 28th a ceasefire was declared, forcing the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait and ending the Gulf War.
Gulf war
1) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 due to disputes over oil production quotas set by OPEC, war debt from the Iran-Iraq war, and territorial claims.
2) The US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. This resulted in military action known as Operation Desert Storm.
3) The invasion and subsequent conflict had severe humanitarian and environmental impacts across Iraq and Kuwait and displaced millions of people across the region. It also damaged Iraq's military and international standing.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
The Persian Gulf War
The document is a slideshow from an AOL News article remembering the Persian Gulf War 20 years later. It contains photos from the war, including President Bush discussing the deployment of US troops, Saddam Hussein as Iraq's president, explosions in Baghdad in 1990, anti-war protesters in Washington D.C. in 1991, Iraqi soldiers surrendering to US troops, aerial views of Iraq, Iraqi prisoners of war being escorted by helicopter, and liberated Kuwaiti citizens celebrating.
Presentation gulf war
In August 1990, the Iraqi army led by President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait over accusations that Kuwait was stealing oil wells from Iraq, taking only two days to seize control of Kuwait. The Gulf War began after this invasion and lasted until February 1991 when a US-led coalition defeated Iraq and forced the Iraqi army to withdraw from Kuwait, restoring the occupied Kuwaiti land back to its government.
Iraq War- 2003
This document provides an overview of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, known as Operation Iraqi Freedom. It discusses the historical context of Iraq, the buildup to the war, the American political and economic motivations. It then describes the military strategy and execution of the invasion, which saw a large coalition force quickly defeat Iraqi forces. The document concludes by examining the role and future relevance of international organizations like the United Nations in the post-war period and new American dominance.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
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Presentation done on June 2009 during my year in the USA in the context of the debates and presentations I took part on with my fellow friend (RIP) and always in mind Ron Mullholand. It treats one of the latest chapter in the American history: the first Persian Gulf War.
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The document discusses the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980 to 1988. It was the longest 20th century war, lasting nearly 9 years, and was triggered by ethnic, religious, economic, and territorial conflicts between Iran and Iraq. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran by air in September 1980. Both sides suffered enormous casualties and economic losses over the nearly decade long conflict that ended with a 1988 ceasefire.
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Kuwait history facts
The Greeks originally called Failaka Island "Ikaros" after the mythological figure. Portugal was the first documented European country to use Kuwait for trade routes. The powerful British East India Company traded through the Persian Gulf. Kuwait officially became a country in 1752 with the appointment of Sheikh Sabah I. Large amounts of oil were discovered in Kuwait in 1938, bringing future wealth. Kuwait used the Gulf Rupee from 1959-1961 and introduced the Kuwaiti Dinar in 1961.
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After World War I, Britain established Iraq and installed a ruler friendly to them. In the 1950s, this ruler was overthrown by military leaders. In 1979, Saddam Hussein took control of Iraq and was a harsh ruler who limited freedoms and executed political enemies. Iraq invaded Iran in the 1980s, leading to a long and devastating war that killed hundreds of thousands on both sides. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to the Persian Gulf War in which a US-led coalition drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait in 1991.
The Persian Gulf War
The document provides a detailed timeline of key events during the Persian Gulf War from July 1990 to June 1991, including Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the buildup of US and allied forces in Saudi Arabia, the UN authorization to use force to remove Iraq from Kuwait in November 1990, the start of aerial bombing campaigns in January 1991, and the ground offensive beginning in February 1991 that led to a ceasefire on February 28th and the liberation of Kuwait.
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The document summarizes the history of the relationship between Iraq and Kuwait, culminating in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. It discusses how Kuwait was originally part of the Ottoman Empire and later the Basra province along with parts of modern-day Iraq. Western powers like Britain later dominated the region and established Kuwait as a separate colony in 1921. Tensions rose between the two countries after Kuwait gained independence in 1961. Iraq's failed invasions of Kuwait in 1961 and 1973 are mentioned. The costly Iran-Iraq war left Iraq in debt to Kuwait, and disputes over oil production led Saddam Hussein to order the invasion and occupation of Kuwait in 1990. An international coalition then drove
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The document provides a historical overview of Iraq, including its origins in ancient Mesopotamia and periods of rule under various empires. It discusses Iraq's establishment as a monarchy in 1921 and as a republic in 1958, followed by rule under Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath party from 1968-2003. Major events covered include the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, the US-led invasion in 2003, and the subsequent insurgency and civil war. The document also summarizes key policies and outcomes of the Iraq War under US Presidents Bush and Obama.
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The document provides historical context on Iraq, including:
- Iraq has been home to ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for millennia.
- Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 and led Iraq until 2003, engaging in wars with Iran and invading Kuwait.
- The U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003 under George W. Bush seeking to dismantle Saddam Hussein's regime and weapons of mass destruction, but faced instability and insurgency thereafter.
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Erkin YURDAKUL (GULF WAR - FRICTION AND FOG OF WAR)
The Gulf War was an international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 over disputes about oil fields. The US formed a coalition including Arab nations to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. When Iraq missed a UN deadline, the coalition launched a massive air offensive and quick ground invasion, resulting in high Iraqi casualties and environmental damage. The war ended Iraq's ambitions in the region but its compliance with disarmament terms would continue to be an issue.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began on August 2, 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, wanting control of their oil reserves. In response, a US-led coalition formed to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. After passing UN resolutions and deadlines, the coalition launched an air campaign on January 16, 1991 followed by a ground invasion on February 24th. By February 26th, a decisive tank battle against the Republican Guard occurred, and on February 28th a ceasefire was declared, forcing the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait and ending the Gulf War.
Gulf war
1) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 due to disputes over oil production quotas set by OPEC, war debt from the Iran-Iraq war, and territorial claims.
2) The US led a coalition of forces to defend Saudi Arabia and force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait. This resulted in military action known as Operation Desert Storm.
3) The invasion and subsequent conflict had severe humanitarian and environmental impacts across Iraq and Kuwait and displaced millions of people across the region. It also damaged Iraq's military and international standing.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
The Persian Gulf War
The document is a slideshow from an AOL News article remembering the Persian Gulf War 20 years later. It contains photos from the war, including President Bush discussing the deployment of US troops, Saddam Hussein as Iraq's president, explosions in Baghdad in 1990, anti-war protesters in Washington D.C. in 1991, Iraqi soldiers surrendering to US troops, aerial views of Iraq, Iraqi prisoners of war being escorted by helicopter, and liberated Kuwaiti citizens celebrating.
Presentation gulf war
In August 1990, the Iraqi army led by President Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait over accusations that Kuwait was stealing oil wells from Iraq, taking only two days to seize control of Kuwait. The Gulf War began after this invasion and lasted until February 1991 when a US-led coalition defeated Iraq and forced the Iraqi army to withdraw from Kuwait, restoring the occupied Kuwaiti land back to its government.
Iraq War- 2003
This document provides an overview of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, known as Operation Iraqi Freedom. It discusses the historical context of Iraq, the buildup to the war, the American political and economic motivations. It then describes the military strategy and execution of the invasion, which saw a large coalition force quickly defeat Iraqi forces. The document concludes by examining the role and future relevance of international organizations like the United Nations in the post-war period and new American dominance.
The Gulf War
The Gulf War began in August 1990 when Iraq invaded Kuwait, led by Saddam Hussein. In response, a US-led coalition known as Operation Desert Shield was formed to defend Saudi Arabia. After diplomatic efforts failed, Operation Desert Storm was launched in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait. The air campaign bombed Iraqi targets and within 100 hours, the coalition forces drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraq agreed to a ceasefire on February 28th, 1991, ending the Gulf War.
American history: persian gulf war (1990 1991). Operation desert storm
Presentation done on June 2009 during my year in the USA in the context of the debates and presentations I took part on with my fellow friend (RIP) and always in mind Ron Mullholand. It treats one of the latest chapter in the American history: the first Persian Gulf War.
The Gulf War
The document summarizes the Gulf War that began in January 1991 when stealth fighters bombed targets in Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. It provides background on Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath party. A timeline details key events starting with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 and the US deployment of troops to Saudi Arabia to protect it. The air war began on January 17, 1991 and the ground war started on February 24, 1991, ending on April 6, 1991 when Iraq accepted UN resolutions.
Iran and Iraq War
The document discusses the Iran-Iraq war that occurred from 1980 to 1988. It was the longest 20th century war, lasting nearly 9 years, and was triggered by ethnic, religious, economic, and territorial conflicts between Iran and Iraq. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran by air in September 1980. Both sides suffered enormous casualties and economic losses over the nearly decade long conflict that ended with a 1988 ceasefire.
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Presentation illustrating the quality of help in writing custom essays/papers that you can get from us.
Kuwait history facts
The Greeks originally called Failaka Island "Ikaros" after the mythological figure. Portugal was the first documented European country to use Kuwait for trade routes. The powerful British East India Company traded through the Persian Gulf. Kuwait officially became a country in 1752 with the appointment of Sheikh Sabah I. Large amounts of oil were discovered in Kuwait in 1938, bringing future wealth. Kuwait used the Gulf Rupee from 1959-1961 and introduced the Kuwaiti Dinar in 1961.
Iraq and iran
After World War I, Britain established Iraq and installed a ruler friendly to them. In the 1950s, this ruler was overthrown by military leaders. In 1979, Saddam Hussein took control of Iraq and was a harsh ruler who limited freedoms and executed political enemies. Iraq invaded Iran in the 1980s, leading to a long and devastating war that killed hundreds of thousands on both sides. In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to the Persian Gulf War in which a US-led coalition drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait in 1991.
The Persian Gulf War
The document provides a detailed timeline of key events during the Persian Gulf War from July 1990 to June 1991, including Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the buildup of US and allied forces in Saudi Arabia, the UN authorization to use force to remove Iraq from Kuwait in November 1990, the start of aerial bombing campaigns in January 1991, and the ground offensive beginning in February 1991 that led to a ceasefire on February 28th and the liberation of Kuwait.
Iran – Iraq war
Summary of:
Walsh, BEN "IGCSE Modern World History" (Hodder Education - 2013)
Cantrell, Smith, Smith, Ennion "20th Century History for Cambridge IGCSE" (Oxford University Press - 2013)
Google Images
Kuwait
The document summarizes the history of the relationship between Iraq and Kuwait, culminating in Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. It discusses how Kuwait was originally part of the Ottoman Empire and later the Basra province along with parts of modern-day Iraq. Western powers like Britain later dominated the region and established Kuwait as a separate colony in 1921. Tensions rose between the two countries after Kuwait gained independence in 1961. Iraq's failed invasions of Kuwait in 1961 and 1973 are mentioned. The costly Iran-Iraq war left Iraq in debt to Kuwait, and disputes over oil production led Saddam Hussein to order the invasion and occupation of Kuwait in 1990. An international coalition then drove
Iraq war
The document provides a historical overview of Iraq, including its origins in ancient Mesopotamia and periods of rule under various empires. It discusses Iraq's establishment as a monarchy in 1921 and as a republic in 1958, followed by rule under Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath party from 1968-2003. Major events covered include the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, the US-led invasion in 2003, and the subsequent insurgency and civil war. The document also summarizes key policies and outcomes of the Iraq War under US Presidents Bush and Obama.
War in Iraq lecture with video links
The document provides historical context on Iraq, including:
- Iraq has been home to ancient civilizations along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for millennia.
- Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979 and led Iraq until 2003, engaging in wars with Iran and invading Kuwait.
- The U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003 under George W. Bush seeking to dismantle Saddam Hussein's regime and weapons of mass destruction, but faced instability and insurgency thereafter.
KCL MUN 2012-03-06 Iran-Iraq War — Presentation
The Iran-Iraq war lasted from 1980 to 1988 and resulted in massive casualties for both sides. [1] Key causes of the conflict included religious differences between the majority Shia population of Iran and the Sunni leadership of Iraq, as well as territorial disputes over the Shatt al-Arab waterway and oil-rich Khuzestan province. [2] Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 hoping to take advantage of political chaos, but Iran pushed back and regained lost territory by 1982, leading to a prolonged war of attrition. [3] International support was mixed, with the US backing Iraq and the Soviet Union supporting Iran. The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988 after massive losses on both sides and international
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Climates have changed constantly throughout history due to various natural factors such as variations in solar energy, astronomical relationships between the Earth and sun, ocean circulation changes, volcanic eruptions, and shifts in atmospheric composition. Scientists have found extensive evidence of past climate shifts in geological rock and fossil records, tree ring data, historical documents showing elephants in the Sahara and grape vines growing in northern England, and indicators like glacial advances and retreats. While climate is naturally variable, the current changes are accelerated by human emissions altering the carbon cycle.
1, the soviet union and brezhnev
The document discusses the rule of Leonid Brezhnev as leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. Some key characteristics of Brezhnev's rule included consolidating power through cult of personality tactics while presenting a more cautious leadership style than his predecessor, Nikita Khrushchev. The Soviet economy stagnated under Brezhnev's policies of maintaining a command economy and central control over industries and agriculture, which led to inefficiencies. Production of consumer goods increased but could not keep up with demand.
5, gorbachev aims
Gorbachev rose to power in 1985 as General Secretary with aims to reform the stagnating Soviet system through policies of perestroika (reconstruction), glasnost (openness), and uskorenie (acceleration). His first major challenge was responding to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in April 1986, which occurred just one year after he took power and represented the failing Soviet infrastructure he sought to address.
3, afghanistan begining of conflict
The document examines the factors leading up to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. It provides background on Afghanistan's relationship with the Soviet Union and discusses the coup in 1978 that killed the Afghan president. It then outlines the power struggle between factions of the ruling communist party, growing unrest over reforms, and the requests from the Afghan government for Soviet assistance. By late 1979, the Soviet Politburo decided to send troops to restore order and replace the Afghan leader, marking the beginning of the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan.
2, 1977 constitution & brezhnev’s foreign policy
The 1977 Soviet Constitution formalized the development of socialism and supremacy of the Communist Party. Brezhnev's foreign policy after 1976 saw the deterioration of détente and arms limitations with the US. The USSR expanded its influence in Africa and Asia, including supporting Ethiopia against Somalia, straining relations with the US and signaling the end of détente.
7, effects of gorbachev poland
The document summarizes the key factors that led to the fall of communism in Poland, including Poland's strong national identity and Catholic traditions, the election of Pope John Paul II, economic struggles that caused widespread strikes in the 1980s, the imposition of martial law in 1981, and Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s that weakened Soviet control over Eastern Europe and allowed free elections to take place in Poland in 1989, leading to the collapse of communist rule there.
Walk For Awareness
The document announces a 5km charity walk on June 23rd organized by the International American School in cooperation with Caritas USA. The walk aims to raise money and awareness for disabled children in the Caritas-run Providence Home in Uganda. The goal is to collect enough money to purchase 5 wheelchairs and 4 tricycles for immobile children at the home, at a total cost of 6,745.60 PLN. Students ages 7th to 12th grade are encouraged to sign up and participate by getting pledges from their social networks. Registration is 30zl per person by June 4th.
Somalia1
The document discusses key concepts related to human migration such as voluntary and involuntary migration, asylum seekers, economic migrants, and internally displaced persons. It asks the reader to watch videos about migration from Somalia and complete a task sheet, and for homework tasks the reader with producing a one page guide to the Somali conflict sourcing pictures from several websites.
Settlements Revision Ii
The document discusses the central business district (CBD) and issues related to urban planning. It notes that the CBD is often in the center of town and has the tallest buildings. It contains department stores, offices, transportation hubs, and government buildings. Traffic congestion is worst in the CBD due to high density. The document also discusses white flight and ethnic segregation in Bradford, UK. It led to the formation of neighborhoods with high concentrations of certain ethnic groups. The phenomenon of counter-urbanization is described as people moving from urban to suburban or rural areas to escape chaos and pollution in cities.
Leeds Case Study
Leeds grew in the 18th century during the Industrial Revolution due to its textile trade, pasture land, soft water, and access to navigable rivers and nearby coal fields. The city center was initially home to trade, poor housing, and industry, but over time commerce and administration became more important and the middle class migrated to suburbs with cleaner air like Chapel Town. Poor workers lived near canals, rivers, and factories in areas like Kirkstall, Burley and Beeston. Suburban expansion led to urban decay in the inner city, reflected by derelict land, vacant lots, and graffiti, caused by a lack of demand for inner city land due to issues like traffic, poor quality buildings,
Acid Rain
Acid rain is formed from both dry and wet deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from natural sources like volcanoes and human sources like fossil fuel burning, which can travel long distances in clouds. It has negative effects like killing trees by damaging foliage and roots, potentially further impacting the environment, and eroding stone buildings and structures. Many countries in Europe are affected, as shown on a map, with acid rain being a global problem. Controlling acid rain requires limiting the human emissions that contribute to its formation.
El Nino
The document discusses the climatic phenomena known as El Niño and La Niña, explaining that El Niño occurs every 3-4 years around Christmas and lasts 12-18 months, bringing warm waters and desert-like conditions to the Philippines and higher sea levels in Southeast Asia, while La Niña exaggerates normal ocean temperature patterns and increases upwelling off Peru.
Microclimates
This document discusses microclimates, specifically how urban areas, forests, and bodies of water can create microclimates that are distinct from the overall regional climate. Urban areas tend to be warmer due to heat absorption and retention by buildings and paved surfaces, creating urban heat islands. Forests and water surfaces absorb less solar radiation and have more moderated temperatures with higher humidity. The objectives are to understand how construction and natural features can lead to microclimates that differ from the broader climatic region.
London Culture And Life
London has a complex layout due to its growth from small villages and many narrow, pre-motor car roads. The 1666 Fire of London and 1945-1960 reconstruction after World War 2 bombing changed London's central landscape and housing. London is now a global economic and tourist center known for its arts, music, fashion and changing demographics.
Smog
Air pollution causes various human respiratory illnesses as well as plant and building damage. Cities like London, Mexico City, Tehran, Los Angeles, and Beijing have historically suffered from high smog levels. Possible solutions include catalytic converters, vapor recovery systems, renewable energy sources, and limiting access of polluting vehicles.
Climate Change
The document discusses climate change and provides evidence that climates have constantly changed over time. It explains that scientists have various sources of evidence for climatic changes, including rocks, fossil landscapes, tree ring data, historical records, and measurements of glacial advances and retreats. The document also lists some of the potential causes of climatic changes, such as variations in solar energy, astronomical relationships between Earth and the sun, ocean circulation changes, volcanic activity, and changes to the atmosphere's composition.
Urban Dynamics
Urban areas in both less economically developed and more economically developed countries are changing in different ways due to factors like population growth and increased car ownership. Problems in towns that have led to solutions like urban decay, with derelict land and buildings, and traffic congestion from poor infrastructure. Urban renewal aims to regenerate urban areas through gentrification, improving appearances and culture, changing populations, reducing crime, and influencing perceptions through media. Suburbanization, decentralization, and urban sprawl affect regeneration, as do concepts like urban consolidation, counterurbanization, new towns, and preventing urban blight and spatial exclusion.
More from Christopher Uden (18)
3, results of the gulf war
- 1. Results of the Gulf War EXAMINE THEVARIOUS OUTCOMES OF THE GULF WAR
- 2. No invasion of Iraq No mandate for this in UN Resolution 678 Could have split the coalition USA still conscious of failure of Vietnam What about Iran??? In military terms the war was successful Al-Sabah family back in power Saddam out of Kuwait But little change in the stability of the Middle East The ‘new world order’ elusive due to new conflicts Break up of USSR and Yugoslavia
- 3. Allied casualties Casualties very low considering numbers deployed USA 150 killed in action (Korean War 30,000 & Vietnam War 58,000) UK 24 killed in action Arab countries (not including Kuwait) 37 deaths Number killed or seriously wounded from illness and accidents (including ‘blue on blue’) USA 1,500 UK 700
- 4. Other casualties Exact number of Iraqi deaths unknown Recent estimates suggest around 20,000 (Some sources 200,000) Controversy over civilian deaths 1,000 – 15,000 In Kuwait attacks continued after ceasefire Reprisals of Kuwaiti citizens on those they saw as Saddam supporters – Palestinians, Sudanese and Yemenis
- 5. Physical damage Cost of damage to Kuwait including damage to oilfields and loss of foreign investments estimated at around $30 billion Effects of 40 day bombing campaign on Iraq Destruction of power, water, sanitation facilities, roads, bridges and telephone exchanges Un official visiting Iraq said it had been ‘relegated to a pre- industrial age’.
- 6. Environmental damage 23rd January Iraq dumped 400 million gallons of crude oil into the Persian Gulf (to try and prevent US invasion) The largest oil spill in history Retreating Iraqis set alight 600 oil wells in Kuwait
- 7. Political effects: Iraq Hope that the humiliating defeats would trigger rebellions within the political and military elite Risings by Kurds and Shiites Brutally suppressed by Saddam Refugees flood into Turkey and Iran USA and UK slow to act –eventually declare ‘no-fly zones’ and set up a ‘safe haven’ in the north for Kurds April UN Security Council Resolutions 687 passed Hunt for WMDs and economic sanctions on Iraqi (including oil) Saddam remained in power until 2003 Normal people suffered the most from sanctions IMR trebled and LE fell 15-20 years
- 8. Political effects: USA Desert Storm –USA was to play the dominant role in conflict resolution Events eventually led to the Iraq War of 2003
- 9. Political effects: Middle East USA stronger force in the region Provoked Muslim radicals to become increasingly anti- American No move to democracy especially in Kuwait Palestinian peace process kick started by US Yasser Arafat’s credibility undermined Led to the Oslo Accords 1993