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Afghanistan: background and
   beginning of invasion

 EXAMINE THE FACTORS LEADING UP TO THE
    SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
Introduction

 ‘The Soviet Unions Vietnam’
 Lasted 10 years
 Contributed to collapse of Soviet Union
 Started by Brezhnev
 Ended by Gorbachev
Background to the war in Afghanistan (1)

 Afghanistan linked to the Non-Aligned Movement
  until a coup carried out by the People’s Democratic
  Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) April 1978 killed
  president Mohammed Daoud
 USSR shared boarder and had given assistance and
  aid before
 After coup more involved & Soviet Advisors sent in
Background to the war in Afghanistan (2)

 PDPA divided
   Parcham (Banner) moderate wing under Babrak Karmal

   Khalq (People’s Party) dominant and hardline under
    Hafizullah Amin & Nur Mohammed Taraki
 Opposition to ‘un-islamic’ reforms like
   Collectivisation

   Education of Women
Uprising in Herat

 March 1979 major uprising many Soviet advisors and
  families killed
 Soviets sent in more Advisors and said that Afghan
  gvt troops should restore order
    Many Afghans killed in reprisals
 Fear of civil war and President Taraki asked for help
 but PM Kosygin refused
Murder of President Taraki

 Rivalry between President Taraki and Defense
  Minister Amin
 Taraki hitched a plot to murder Amin
 Backfired and Taraki arrested and killed 9th October
 Amin became General Secretary of the Party and PM
Soviet troops are sent in to Afghanistan

 Brezhnev condemned the treachery of Amin
 Amin wanted to go to Moscow to explain but was
    refused
   Popular unrest because Amin’s policies were even
    more hard-line
   Amin asked many times for Soviet assistance but not
    granted
   Moved closer to China, Pakistan and even USA
   USSR fear of loss of geopolitical influence
   Politburo decided to send troops in to restore order
 By 27 December 1979 10,000 Soviet paratroopers in
  Kabul and Amin killed
 Amin’s replacement as Babrak Karmal who returned
  from exile in USSR
 Soviets claimed that Karmal returned before they
  came in and a coup had taken place
Reasons for intervention

 Fear of losing control of Afghanistan
 Fear of Iran of Pakistan carrying out cross border
  raids
 Fear of Islamic revolution in Afghanistan and
  consequential threat to stability in some Soviet
  republics
 USSR had to support fellow communist regime
 Confidence that USA would not intervene

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3, afghanistan begining of conflict

  • 1. Afghanistan: background and beginning of invasion EXAMINE THE FACTORS LEADING UP TO THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
  • 2.
  • 3. Introduction  ‘The Soviet Unions Vietnam’  Lasted 10 years  Contributed to collapse of Soviet Union  Started by Brezhnev  Ended by Gorbachev
  • 4. Background to the war in Afghanistan (1)  Afghanistan linked to the Non-Aligned Movement until a coup carried out by the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) April 1978 killed president Mohammed Daoud  USSR shared boarder and had given assistance and aid before  After coup more involved & Soviet Advisors sent in
  • 5. Background to the war in Afghanistan (2)  PDPA divided  Parcham (Banner) moderate wing under Babrak Karmal  Khalq (People’s Party) dominant and hardline under Hafizullah Amin & Nur Mohammed Taraki  Opposition to ‘un-islamic’ reforms like  Collectivisation  Education of Women
  • 6. Uprising in Herat  March 1979 major uprising many Soviet advisors and families killed  Soviets sent in more Advisors and said that Afghan gvt troops should restore order  Many Afghans killed in reprisals  Fear of civil war and President Taraki asked for help but PM Kosygin refused
  • 7. Murder of President Taraki  Rivalry between President Taraki and Defense Minister Amin  Taraki hitched a plot to murder Amin  Backfired and Taraki arrested and killed 9th October  Amin became General Secretary of the Party and PM
  • 8. Soviet troops are sent in to Afghanistan  Brezhnev condemned the treachery of Amin  Amin wanted to go to Moscow to explain but was refused  Popular unrest because Amin’s policies were even more hard-line  Amin asked many times for Soviet assistance but not granted  Moved closer to China, Pakistan and even USA  USSR fear of loss of geopolitical influence  Politburo decided to send troops in to restore order
  • 9.  By 27 December 1979 10,000 Soviet paratroopers in Kabul and Amin killed  Amin’s replacement as Babrak Karmal who returned from exile in USSR  Soviets claimed that Karmal returned before they came in and a coup had taken place
  • 10. Reasons for intervention  Fear of losing control of Afghanistan  Fear of Iran of Pakistan carrying out cross border raids  Fear of Islamic revolution in Afghanistan and consequential threat to stability in some Soviet republics  USSR had to support fellow communist regime  Confidence that USA would not intervene