The document discusses three saving virtues (taqwah, truthfulness, and moderation) that contribute to righteousness in Islam and three destructive vices (inordinate desire, stinginess, and self-conceit) that lead to moral decline. It emphasizes the importance of taqwah as a means of protection against sin and achieving closeness to Allah, while detailing the virtues of speaking truth and maintaining moderation in all circumstances. Additionally, the document elaborates on the characteristics and consequences of destructive vices, providing guidance on how to avoid them and strive for a virtuous life.

1. 3 Munjiyaat (Saving Virtues)
3 Muhlikaat (Destructive Vices)

3. 3 Munjiyaat (Saving Virtues)
1. Taqwah of Allah (SWT) in hiding or in
open
2. To speak the truth in (state of ) anger or
pleasure
3. Moderation in prosperity as well as in
poverty.

4. 3 Muhlikaat (Destructive Vices)
1. Inordinate desire which is followed
2. Stinginess which is obeyed
3. Self-Conceit ( Covetousness). This is the
worst of all.

5. Abu Huraira (R) the narrator of this
hadith
• His actual name is Abdul Rahman Bin Sakhr
• He was borne 18 years before Hijrah
• He embraced Islam in 7th Hijrah.
• He lived in Prophet‟s Masjid and remained in
the company of the Prophet.
• He is one of the people of Suffah.
• He was a keen student of the Prophet for 4-5
years.
• He narrated 5374 ahadith

6. Abu Huraira
• He narrated , I said to the Prophet, “I hear
many ahadith from you but I forget them.”
Prophet said, “Spread your garment.” I did
accordingly. He moved his hands as if filling
with something and then emptied them in my
garment. Then he said, “ Take this garment
and wrap it over your body.” I did it and I
never ever forgot any thing since then.
• He continued to teach Islam for 50 years and
died at the age of 78.

7. 1- Taqwah of Allah in open or in
hiding
• This word is derived from „Wiqaya‟ which
means to protect.
• Taqwah means to protect oneself or fear from
anger and chastisement of Allah.
• And Allah warns you about Himself. 3:28
• O‟Believers! Save yourself and your family
from the fire of Hell. Tahreem: 6
• O‟our Rabb! Grant us success in this world
and the hereafter and protect us from fire of
Hell. 2:201

8. Taqwah
• Abu Zar (R) requested the Prophet to give
him advice. He said I advise you with
Taqwah of Allah because this is the root of
every righteous deed.

9. 3 degrees of Taqwah
• 1-The lowest minimal level is to avoid Kufr and Shirk. In this
sense, every Muslim can be counted as Muttaqi even if he is
involved in sins.
• 2- Desirable falls under the second degree of Taqwah that
• is, to avoid that which is disliked by Allah and His Messenger.
The
• merits and blessings of Taqwah in the Qur„an and Hadith
• have been promised on this degree of avoidance and
abstinence.
• 3- Third degree or the highest level is achieved by the
prophets, companions and special servants of Allah, for it is
not within the grasp of everybody. It requires to stand guard
over one's heart against the onslaught of what does not
please Allah, and to keep it filled with the remembrance of
Allah and the efforts to get closer to Allah.

10. Achieve Taqwah which it deserves
'Abdullah ibn-Mas„ud, RabI', Qatadah and
Hasan al Basari said:
A fear which is His due' means that
• One obeys, then does not disobey;
• Remembers then does not forget;
• Is grateful, then does not become
ungrateful. (Al-Bahr Al-Muhit)

11. How to achieve Taqwah?
• Abide by the commandments of
Allah and stay away from his prohibitions.
• Abdullah Bin Masood (R) said, “ Taqwah
means to obey Allah and not to
disobey, remember Him and do not
forget, to be grateful and then do not
become ungrateful.”

12. Ali Ibn Abi Talib ®
• Taqwah is to fear Allah the Magnificent
• To abide by His revelation, i.e., Quran
• To be satisfied with little provision
• To be ready for the departure from this
world, i.e., death.

13. Ibn Motambar (Rahimahullah)
• Give up the sins, whether minor or major
• This is the essence of Taqwah
• Walk on the earth like the person who is
careful about thorny shrubs on the sides
• Don‟t consider minor sins as trivial
because the mountain is made of small
pieces of rocks.

14. Taqwah was commanded to all the
Messangers of Allah.
• We have advised the people of the Book
before you and you (Muslims) to have
Taqwah of Allah.

15. In Quran, it is followed by the
warning of Hellfire and Akhirah
• And fear the Fire prepared for
disbelievers. 3:131
• And fear a Day when no person shall
ransom for someone anything. 2:48

16. Protection from prohibitions is part
of Taqwah
• Protect yourself from forbidden acts. You
will become the person who worships
Allah (SWT) the most amongst all the
people.
• Ahmad and Tirmidhi, reported by Abu
Hurairah (R)

17. Taqwah is a way of beautifying
everything

18. Protecting from doubtful things is
Taqwah
• Verily the forbidden things are clear and
permissible are clear and in between there
are doubtful matters. Whoever avoids
doubtful matters indeed has saved his
religion and his honor.
• Reported in Arba‟een Nawawi.

19. Dua of the Prophet (SA) for Taqwah
•
O Allah! Give my soul its good. You are its
Guardian and Master, and the best to purify it.
At-Tabarani, reported by Ibn Abbas
•
O Allah! Give my soul its good and purify it,
for You are the best to purify it. You are its
Guardian and Master.
Ahmad, reported by Zaid Ibn Arqam

20. Blessings and Benefits of Taqwah
• This is the Book; in it is guidance sure
without doubt to those who fear Allah. 2:1
• For Allah is with those who restrain
themselves and those who do good.
Nahal, 16:128

21. Blessings of Taqwah
• Indeed Allah loves the people of Taqwah.
Taubah, 9:4
And Allah (SWT) is friend of People of Taqwah.
Jatheya,45:14

22. Blessings of Taqwah
• O ye who believe! if ye fear Allah He will
grant you a criterion (to judge between
right and wrong) remove from you (all) evil
(that may afflict) you and forgive you: for
Allah is the Lord of bounty unbounded.
• Anfaal,8:29

23. Blessings of Taqwah
And for those who fear Allah He (ever) prepares a
way out,and He provides for him from (sources) he
never could imagine. Talaaq, 65:2
• or those who fear Allah He will make their path
easy. 5513 5514
That is the Command of Allah which He has sent
down to you: and if anyone fears Allah He will
remove his ills from him and will enlarge His reward.
Talaaq,65:4,5

24. Blessings of Taqwah
• Behold! verily on the friends of Allah there is no
fear nor shall they grieve. Those who believe and
(constantly) guard against evil. For them are Glad
Tidings in the life of the Present and in the
Hereafter: no change can there be in the Words of
Allah. This is indeed the supreme Felicity.
• Yunus,10: 62-64

25. Taqwah leads to Jannah
• Verily for the righteous are Gardens of Delight in
the Presence of their Lord. Al Qalam,68:34
• As to the Righteous they will be in the midst of
Gardens and Rivers. In an Assembly of Truth in
the Presence of a Sovereign Omnipotent.
Qamar,54:54,55

26. 2- To Speak the Truth
O ye who believe! fear Allah and (always) say a
word directed to the Right: Ahzaab, 33:70
O ye who believe! fear Allah and be with those
who are true (in word and deed). Taubah,9:119

27. To Speak the Truth In (state of)
Anger or Pleasure
• Abu Dhar (R) narrated,”My Khalil(S)
enjoined me 7 things”. One of these is “ to
speak the truth though it may be bitter for
others.”
Ahmad.

28. To Speak what is Just

29. Speaking truth before a tyrannical
ruler
• Abi Saeed (R) narrates that the Prophet
(S) said,” Best Jihad is for a person who
says true word before a tyrannical ruler.

30. 3- Moderation in prosperity and in
poverty

31. Be moderate in spending
• Those who when they spend are not
extravagant and not miserly but hold a just
(balance) between those (extremes) 25:67

32. Extremist are blameworthy and
destitute
• Make not thy hand tied (like a miser) to thy
neck nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach
so that thou become blameworthy and
destitute
• Isra,17:29

33. A part of the people of the Book are
on middle or right path
• If only they had stood fast by the Torah & the
Injil and all the revelation that was sent to
them from their Lord they would have
enjoyed happiness from every side. There is
from among them a party on the right course;
but many of them follow a course that is evil.
(Maida,5:66)

34. 3 Categories of Muslims
• Then We have given the Book for inheritance
to such of Our servants as We have chosen:
but there are among them some who wrong
their own souls; some who follow a middle
course; and some who are by Allah's leave
foremost in good deeds; that is the highest
Grace. (Fatir,35:32)

35. 3 Muhlikaat (Destructive Vices)
1-Inordinate Desire which is
followed
• “Hawa” literally means to fall down.
• It means to blindly follow physical desires
regardless of permissibility.
• This attitude lets person fall down from his
high moral status to the lowest level. In the
hereafter, it will lead to his fall in “Hawiah”
(a place in Hellfire). Imam Raghib Isfahani.

36. Do not follow Hawa!
• and follow not the desires of those who
know not. Jathiyah,45:18
• nor follow the vain desires of people who
went wrong in times gone by who misled
many and strayed (themselves) from the
even way. Maida,5:77

37. Following inordinate desires leads
to misguidance
• Say: "I will not follow your vain desires: if I
did I would stray from the path and be not
of the company of those who receive
guidance.
Al An‟am,6:56

38. Follower of desires is most
misguided
• and who is more astray than one who
follows his own lusts devoid of guidance
from Allah? For Allah guides not people
given to wrongdoing. Al Qasas,28:50

39. es
• Relate to them the story of the man to whom We sent
our signs but he passed them by: so satan followed
him up and he went astray. If it had been Our will We
should have elevated him with our signs; but he
inclined to the earth and followed his own vain desires.
His similitude is that of a dog: if you attack him he lolls
out his tongue or if you leave him alone he (still) lolls
out his tongue. A‟raaf,7:175,176

40. One who controls his desires shall
enter Jannah
• And for one who had the fear of standing
before his Lord and had restrained (his)
soul from lower Desires
• His abode shall be the Garden.
Nazi‟aat, 79:40,41

41. 2-Shuh Mut‟a
Covetousness or stinginess
• Shuh (Covetousness) is defined as
inordinate desire for wealth or possessions
or for another's possessions.
• Its synonym is avaricious implies
obsessive acquisitiveness especially of
money and strongly suggests stinginess

42. Shuh Mut‟a
STINGINESS WHICH IS OBEYED
• Men's souls are swayed by greed.
(Nisa,4:128)
• And those saved from the covetousness of
their own souls they are the ones that
achieve prosperity. (Hashar,59:9)

43. Hadith explaining stinginess
Prophet(S) said:
•
• Be on your guard against committing
oppression, for oppression is a darkness on the
Day of Resurrection. Be on your guard against
being stingy, for being stingy is what destroyed
those who were before you. It made them shed
blood and make lawful what was unlawful for
them.
• Reported by Jarir bin Abdullah in Musnad Ahmad

44. Components of Shuh or
Covetousness
Covetousness is composed of the four faults:
Cowardice:
Greed: desire to possess everything which is
insatiable and ever increasing in its demands.
Injustice:
Ignorance:
• (Ibn HazmFrom “Al-Akhlaq wa’l Siyar” –
Morality and Behaviour Published in “In
Pursuit of Virtue” by M. Abu Laylah, Ta-Ha
Publishers 1990)

45. Hadith about Greed
• It is reported from the Holy Prophet
(s.a.w):
If the son of Adam had two valleys full of
gold, in fact, he would remain in search of a
third one and nothing but dust can fill the
belly of the son of Adam and God forgives
everyone who repents.

46. Opposite of covetousness is
disinterest
in amassing material wealth
• A virtuous quality which includes:
Generosity: stops him fretting about property
which is lost to him.
Courage: gives birth to a greatness of spirit
which makes him disinterested.
 Justice: His equitable nature makes him love
reserve and moderation in his desires.
Intelligence: He understands the vanity of
covetousness and prefers disinterest

47. 3- Self - Deception And Egotism
Ijaab or Ujb
• Ujb: Man due to attributes or blessing he
has thinks that he is great and becomes
unmindful of the one who granted all that
to him.
• Kibr: In case of pride, it is necessary that
there is someone else so that the proud
may be able to imagine himself to be
better than the other

48. Stages of Egotism
• Ujb when man becomes happy with himself
• Pride and self-centeredness also branch out
from this stage and he considers himself to
be better than others.
• As a result of some of his good deeds he
thinks has acquired some rights over Allah.
• Bad deed appears good to one, and he
becomes happy with it.

49. Harms of ujb or covetousness
• Person with Ujb does not benefit from
knowledgeable persons, as he imagines
himself on their level and sometimes even
above them
• Ujb makes a person unpleasant among the
people who become displeased with him and
do not care for him.
• Egotism takes man away from reality. He is
not able to benefit from good deeds
• Egotist mostly has failed and will fail

50. General Remedy For Egotism
• Man should ponder over the Greatness of the
Creator of the Universe. He must understand
that Greatness belongs only to Him.
• Power and Eternity are only Allah‟s attributes
• Smallness and mortality belongs to man
himself
• He must think over his earlier stages of life
• Finally at the end also he will turn into a
carcass and will be placed in a grave.

51. Specific Remedies.
• If egotism of man is due to his strength and
power, he must remember that this power is
inferior even to a microbe
• If egotism is based on wisdom and
intelligence and abundance of knowledge we
ought to know that this is a Divine bounty for
which we must be thankful to God.
• If his egotism is because of his race he must
realize he is descendent of Adam who was
created from dust.

52. More Remedies.
• If man's pride is due to abundance of wealth and
children he should know that these are some of
the bounties bestowed by Allah and have been
entrusted to him for some days by way of a trust
for his trial
• If property and children were the cause of man's
greatness, God would not have given it to His
enemies.
• “And not your wealth nor your children, are the
things which bring you near us” Quran
• Before other people also he should consider
himself little.