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The document discusses the reactivity of different metals with water. It notes that the Romans used lead pipes which reacted slowly with water and made it poisonous. Some metals like copper do not react at all with water, making them better for plumbing. When metals do react with water, they produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
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A mixture contains two or more substances that are mixed together physically but not chemically bonded, while a pure substance contains only one substance; examples given are seawater being a mixture of water, salt, and other substances and table salt being a pure substance of sodium chloride.
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When magnesium reacts with copper sulfate, the magnesium displaces the copper from the solution. This causes the blue color of the copper sulfate to gradually disappear as magnesium sulfate and copper metal are formed. The magnesium is a more reactive metal and so it replaces the copper in the copper sulfate compound.
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To separate a soluble solid like salt from a seawater solution, one can use evaporation by heating the solution so that the water evaporates, leaving the dissolved salt behind. Evaporation involves heating a solution so that the water evaporates, allowing the dissolved solid such as salt to separate out and remain once the water has evaporated.
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The document discusses displacement reactions between magnesium, copper, silver, and their chlorides. It states that magnesium will displace copper from copper chloride because magnesium is more reactive than copper. However, silver will not displace magnesium from magnesium chloride because silver is less reactive than magnesium. The document also mentions that displacement reactions can be used to extract metals like iron and copper from their oxide ores by reacting with carbon.
3
All alkali metals react vigorously with water in an exothermic reaction. The reaction produces hydrogen gas, which ignites with a squeaky pop. As the reaction progresses down the alkali metal group, it becomes more vigorous. When an indicator is added, it turns purple, indicating the reaction produces hydroxide ions.
3
When a metal reacts with an acid, hydrogen gas is produced along with a salt. The type of salt produced depends on the metal and acid involved - hydrochloric acid produces a metal chloride, sulfuric acid produces a metal sulfate, and nitric acid produces a metal nitrate.
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Most metals react with oxygen, either quickly or slowly, forming metal oxides; magnesium burns brightly as an example of a rapid reaction. When a metal reacts with oxygen, it produces a metal oxide, which is known as an oxidation reaction.
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Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of colored or non-colored substances that are soluble in the same solvent. It involves placing a spot of the mixture on filter paper and using one of two methods - either soaking the paper with solvent or slowly dripping solvent onto the paper - to separate the substances as the solvent travels up the paper.
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A mixture contains two or more substances that are mixed together physically but not chemically bonded, while a pure substance contains only one substance; examples given are seawater being a mixture of water, salt, and other substances and table salt being a pure substance of sodium chloride.
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The document discusses the Earth's magnetic field. It notes that people have used magnetism to navigate for hundreds of years and that the Earth's iron core creates a magnetic field. While the north poles of magnets are attracted to the North Pole of Earth, this is because the Earth's Magnetic North Pole is actually a magnetic south pole.
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When magnesium reacts with copper sulfate, the magnesium displaces the copper from the solution. This causes the blue color of the copper sulfate to gradually disappear as magnesium sulfate and copper metal are formed. The magnesium is a more reactive metal and so it replaces the copper in the copper sulfate compound.
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The document discusses how rust destroys iron and steel, and how people spend money to prevent rust on buildings, engines, vehicles, and ships. It asks what methods can be used to prevent rusting, and lists painting, plastic coating, galvanizing, and oiling as options.
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To separate a soluble solid like salt from a seawater solution, one can use evaporation by heating the solution so that the water evaporates, leaving the dissolved salt behind. Evaporation involves heating a solution so that the water evaporates, allowing the dissolved solid such as salt to separate out and remain once the water has evaporated.
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The document discusses displacement reactions between magnesium, copper, silver, and their chlorides. It states that magnesium will displace copper from copper chloride because magnesium is more reactive than copper. However, silver will not displace magnesium from magnesium chloride because silver is less reactive than magnesium. The document also mentions that displacement reactions can be used to extract metals like iron and copper from their oxide ores by reacting with carbon.
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All alkali metals react vigorously with water in an exothermic reaction. The reaction produces hydrogen gas, which ignites with a squeaky pop. As the reaction progresses down the alkali metal group, it becomes more vigorous. When an indicator is added, it turns purple, indicating the reaction produces hydroxide ions.
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When a metal reacts with an acid, hydrogen gas is produced along with a salt. The type of salt produced depends on the metal and acid involved - hydrochloric acid produces a metal chloride, sulfuric acid produces a metal sulfate, and nitric acid produces a metal nitrate.
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Most metals react with oxygen, either quickly or slowly, forming metal oxides; magnesium burns brightly as an example of a rapid reaction. When a metal reacts with oxygen, it produces a metal oxide, which is known as an oxidation reaction.
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Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of colored or non-colored substances that are soluble in the same solvent. It involves placing a spot of the mixture on filter paper and using one of two methods - either soaking the paper with solvent or slowly dripping solvent onto the paper - to separate the substances as the solvent travels up the paper.
1.
Albert Einstein first came up with the idea of getting energy from atoms. Scientists found that large amounts of energy could be produced through the process of nuclear fission, which involves splitting atoms of uranium. There are two ways to release the huge amounts of energy contained within atoms: nuclear fission, which is splitting atomic nuclei, and nuclear fusion, which is joining atomic nuclei together. Einstein connected energy and matter through his famous equation E=mc2, which showed that a small amount of matter can release a huge amount of energy.
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Cells are usually three-dimensional and have an irregular shape determined by their location and function in the body. They contain organelles and have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. While most cells share these basic components, their shape and size can vary depending on their specialized role.
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This document discusses different types of forces, including gravity and magnetism which can act over distances without direct contact, as well as friction and upthrust which require direct contact between objects. It notes that all forces involve interactions between objects and that all types of forces can occur whether objects are moving or still.
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The Earth contains an estimated 1,380 million km3 of total water, however only 3% of this is fresh water while the remaining 97% is saltwater that forms the seas and oceans.
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The document discusses displacement reactions between magnesium, copper, silver, and their chlorides. It states that magnesium will displace copper from copper chloride because magnesium is more reactive than copper. However, silver will not displace magnesium from magnesium chloride because silver is less reactive than magnesium. The document also mentions that displacement reactions can be used to extract metals like iron and copper from their oxide ores by reacting with carbon.
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Water is treated to make it safe for drinking by a system where water from a reservoir has chemicals added to combine with dirt and form a precipitate, the water then settles in a settlement tank before passing through filter beds. Chlorine is added before the water is supplied to homes, offices and factories.
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Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity has environmental consequences, as it creates chemicals like sulfur dioxide that cause acid rain and produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which is released into the atmosphere.
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The document discusses the balanced chemical equations for reactions of metals like magnesium, copper, and iron with oxygen. The equations given are: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO for magnesium; 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO for copper; and 4Fe + O2 → 2Fe2O3 for iron.
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Bringing the north poles of two bar magnets close together causes the magnets to repel each other. Scattering iron filings on paper placed over the magnets shows a pattern of lines of force diverging between the two north poles. Bringing a north and south pole together causes the magnets to be attracted to each other, and iron filings show a pattern of lines of force converging between the opposite poles.
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The document discusses the properties and reactions of metals and non-metals. It covers various topics including the definitions of metals and non-metals, their physical properties, reactions with oxygen, water, acids, and other metals. It also discusses the extraction of metals from ores through processes like enrichment, conversion to oxides, and electrolytic/thermal reduction depending on the reactivity of the metal. The reactivity series is mentioned as well as alloys, corrosion prevention methods, and electrolytic refining of metals.
METAL AND NON METAL CLASS 10.pptx
The document discusses metals and non-metals. It describes the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals have opposite properties. It also discusses how metals and non-metals react with oxygen, water, acids and how displacement reactions can be used to determine reactivity order. Metals are extracted from ores through processes like enrichment, extraction using chemical/electrochemical methods depending on their reactivity.
Ncert class 10 - science - chapter 3 - metals and non-metals
The document discusses the properties of metals and non-metals. It describes how metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals lack these properties. Experiments are presented to demonstrate that metals are lustrous, hard except for a few, malleable by hammering into thin sheets, and ductile by pulling into wires. Other experiments show that metals conduct heat by melting wax and conduct electricity by lighting a bulb. The document contrasts how metals and non-metals react with oxygen, water, acids, and how metals react in salt solutions in displacement reactions.
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Ncert class 10 - science - chapter 3 - metals and non-metals
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More from Shaun Hutch
2
Friction occurs between two surfaces when they are moved against each other due to the roughness of the surfaces at a microscopic level, even if they appear smooth. This roughness requires a force to overcome as the bumps and hollows of each surface interact while moving past one another. Friction exists between solids, liquids, and gases, with different types including air resistance when an object moves through air and drag when an object moves through a liquid like water.
1
Friction is a resistive force that acts to slow moving objects down and tries to stop them from sliding past each other. It always acts in the opposite direction of an object's movement and is what causes things to slow down or stop when in motion. Friction exists between surfaces in contact with each other and generates heat as it transfers motion into thermal energy while impeding further sliding or rolling.
3
A boy walked at an average speed of 3.6 km/h and the question asks how far he will travel in 30 minutes. To calculate this, his speed of 3.6 km/h is multiplied by the time in hours (30 minutes is 0.5 hours) to get a distance of 1.8 km.
1
To calculate average speed, you need to know the total distance an object traveled and the total time it took to travel that distance. Average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance by the total time using the formula: Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time. The units of distance and time determine the units for speed, such as meters per second, kilometers per hour, or miles per hour.
4
The boy needs to walk 200m to the church at an average speed of 0.8m/s. To calculate how long it would take, the document divides the distance (200m) by the speed (0.8m/s) which equals 250 seconds.
2
A girl traveled 10km around a cross-country ski course in 30 minutes. To calculate her average speed in km/h, take the distance traveled (10km) and divide it by the time taken (0.5 hours). This gives an average speed of 20km/h. To calculate average speed in m/s, first convert the distance to meters (10,000m) and time to seconds (3600s), then divide distance by time to get an average speed of 2.8m/s.
2
Unbalanced forces lead to a change in an object's speed or direction. The document discusses how if only one wind machine is blowing on a skater, or if the pull on one end of two hooks is greater than the other end, the forces are unbalanced and the skater or hooks will start to accelerate and move in the direction of the greater force. Unbalanced forces cause an object to change its speed or direction through acceleration.
1
Two wind machines apply equal but opposite forces to an ice skater, balancing each other out and preventing any movement of the skater. Similarly, when two newtonmeters are pulled equally from both ends, the recorded forces are the same because they balance each other out, causing no movement of the central hooks. Balanced forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction cancel each other out.
4
If the forces on an object are balanced, the object will remain at the same speed and in the same direction. If the forces are unbalanced, the object will experience a change in either its speed (acceleration) or direction of motion. The document provides three examples of calculating the resultant force on different objects based on the balanced and unbalanced forces acting upon them.
3
Forces acting on an object can be added together to calculate the resultant force. The resultant force is found by adding the magnitudes of all the individual forces while accounting for their directions. This single resultant force then determines the overall motion of the object.
1
Forces can be measured using a force meter, which contains a spring connected to a metal hook. When a force is applied to the hook, the spring stretches, with larger forces causing greater stretching and higher readings. The unit of force is the newton (N), so 100 N represents a larger force than 5 N.
2
Forces acting on objects can be represented using force diagrams. A force diagram uses labeled arrows, with the direction of each arrow indicating the direction of a force and the length proportional to its magnitude. Forces include weight, thrust, upthrust, friction, air resistance, and for a falling ball initially, weight and air resistance are the key forces shown in its force diagram.
2
This document describes a method for identifying dyes in a mixture. Dots of single dyes are placed alongside a dot of an unknown mixture on paper. The solvent washes up the paper, allowing the pattern of dyes in the mixture to be compared with the single dyes to determine which dyes the mixture contains.
4
Desalination is a process that makes freshwater from seawater by removing salt. It is used in some countries that do not receive enough rainwater. The simplest method of desalination is through distillation, which boils the seawater and collects the vapor, leaving the salt behind to produce freshwater.
1
Distillation is the technique used to separate a liquid from a mixture, involving three steps - evaporation of the liquid into a gas when heated, condensation of the gas back into a liquid in a condenser, and collection of the purified liquid.
2
The document discusses the process of separating salt from the waters of the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea, located between Jordan and Israel, contains some of the saltiest water in the world at almost six times more salty than the ocean. Nothing can live in the Dead Sea due to its high salt content, which is why it is referred to as the "dead" sea. The heat of the sun evaporates the water from the Dead Sea, leaving behind salt deposits that can be collected from salt beds along its shores.
3
The solubility of most substances increases as temperature increases. Sugar dissolves in cold tea but not as much as in hot tea because sugar has higher solubility at higher temperatures. The amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature is called its solubility.
2
A solution is a type of mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another substance. For example, a cup of instant coffee is a solution with the coffee granules as the solute that dissolves in the hot water solvent. The solute is the substance that dissolves and the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Common examples of solutions include tea, orange squash, seawater, wine, and fizzy drinks.
1
The document discusses corrosion of metals when in contact with air or water. It states that metals corrode through this contact and that iron corroding is specifically called rusting, which is an oxidation reaction with iron and oxygen in the presence of water that forms iron oxide. It also asks which metals corrode quickly versus slowly.
4
When magnesium reacts with copper sulfate, the magnesium displaces the copper from the solution. This causes the blue color of the copper sulfate to gradually disappear as magnesium sulfate and copper metal are formed. The magnesium is a more reactive metal and so it replaces the copper in the copper sulfate compound.
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- 1. Metals and water The Romans used lead to make water pipes but didn’t know that lead reacts slowly with water and makes it poisonous! Some metals react vigorously with water, some metals react slowly and some do not react at all. Which is the best type of metal to use for water pipes?
- 2. Using unreactive metals The words ‘plumber’ and ‘plumbing’ come from plumbum (the Latin word for lead) because the ancient Romans used lead for their water pipes. Why is lead no longer used in plumbing? Copper is a much better metal for water pipes because it does not react at all with water – perhaps plumbers should be renamed coppers!
- 3. Reacting metals with water When any metal reacts with water, the products are a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
- 4. Reacting metals with water When any metal reacts with water, the products are a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. This is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with water:
- 5. Reacting metals with water When any metal reacts with water, the products are a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. metal water metal hydroxide hydrogen+ + This is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with water:
- 6. Reacting metals with water When any metal reacts with water, the products are a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. What tests could you do to show that hydrogen and a hydroxide have been produced? metal water metal hydroxide hydrogen+ + This is the general equation for the reaction of a metal with water: