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The document discusses methods for detecting recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infections. It describes how less sensitive enzyme immunoassays can distinguish recent HIV infections from long-standing ones by detecting individuals who have seroconverted within the past 130 days. It also discusses the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) method, which measures antibody levels quantitatively to identify recent infections. Finally, it mentions that incidence rates of new HIV infections can be calculated from the results of cross-sectional testing that takes into account the number of individuals at risk.
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Viral tests
This document provides an overview of virological tests for virus detection and diagnosis. There are three main categories of tests: direct examination to detect viral antigens or genomes, indirect examination using cell culture or animals to isolate viruses, and serology to detect antibodies. Direct methods include antigen detection by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, PCR and hybridization probes. Indirect methods involve culturing viruses in cell lines or eggs and observing cytopathic effects or hemagglutination. Serology detects rising antibody titers between acute and convalescent patient samples or presence of IgM. Newer molecular techniques like PCR have increased sensitivity but require skill and specialized equipment. Proper specimen collection and a combination of direct, culture and serology tests
Hep B and Hep C ss
The document discusses screening and testing for infectious agents like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. It describes the window period as the time between initial infection and when diagnostic tests can reliably detect the infection. For HIV, the window period may be up to 3 months depending on the test, but newer RNA tests can detect HIV within 12-16 days. For hepatitis B, the window period refers to the time between disappearing surface antigen and appearing antibodies, or between infection and appearing surface antigen. During this time, only IgM core antibodies may be detectable. The document also discusses various assays used in screening and testing like ELISA, EIA, RIA.
HIV investigaions and diagnosis
The document discusses guidelines for HIV testing and diagnosis. It covers algorithms, timing of laboratory markers, screening tests including ELISA and rapid tests, diagnostic challenges like false negatives and positives, and monitoring of patients including CD4 counts, viral load testing, and STI screening. Key points include using nucleic acid tests to diagnose infants, screening all pregnant women and high-risk groups for STIs, and monitoring HIV patients on ART through regular clinical and laboratory assessments.
Lab diagnosis of HIV infection/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Lab diagnosis of HIV infection/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.comDiagnosis of-aids-130519163639-phpapp02
This document discusses diagnosis of AIDS and HIV infection. It covers several key points:
1. AIDS is a global pandemic that affects all regions of the world. Accurate diagnosis is important for treatment and prevention efforts.
2. Both screening and confirmatory tests are needed to properly diagnose HIV/AIDS. Common screening tests include ELISA, while Western Blot is the gold standard confirmatory test.
3. Molecular tests like PCR and viral load tests can detect HIV earlier and help monitor treatment, but may have higher rates of false positives.
4. CD4 counts and percentages are important for assessing disease progression, with lower levels indicating higher risk of opportunistic infections.
Diagnosis of-aids
This document discusses diagnosis of AIDS and HIV infection. It covers several key points:
1. AIDS is a global pandemic that affects all regions of the world. Accurate diagnosis is important for treatment and prevention of further transmission.
2. Both screening and confirmatory tests are needed to properly diagnose HIV/AIDS. Common screening tests include ELISA, while Western Blot is the gold standard confirmatory test.
3. Molecular tests like PCR and viral load tests can detect HIV even earlier than antibody tests, but are more expensive. CD4 counts are also useful for assessing disease progression.
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection.
This document summarizes various laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of HIV infection. It describes the purpose and types of HIV tests, including specific tests like antigen detection, antibody detection using ELISA, rapid tests, and confirmatory tests like Western Blot. It also discusses viral load tests, CD4 counts, and the use of PCR in diagnosis. The temporal sequence of biomarkers in HIV infection is outlined.
diagnosis-of-aids2479.pdf
The document discusses diagnosis of AIDS and importance of precise testing. It notes that AIDS is now a global pandemic affecting all regions. Screening tests like ELISA are useful for mass screening due to low cost and efficiency, but all positive results must be confirmed with more specific tests like Western Blot. CD4 counts are important for assessing disease progression. Molecular tests like PCR are more precise but costly. Proper pre-and post-test counseling is important given the social implications of an HIV diagnosis. Overall precise diagnosis is important for medical and public health reasons but must be done carefully and ethically.
Aids 1
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which weakens a person's immune system. HIV infects and damages CD4 cells (T cells), leaving an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that it prevents the immune system from protecting the body. No cure currently exists for AIDS.
STDS- recent diagnosis methods@1223.pptx
This document discusses various laboratory tests used for HIV diagnosis and their principles and indications. It describes antibody-based tests like ELISA, rapid tests, and Western Blot. It also discusses viral detection methods like p24 antigen capture, HIV RNA viral load tests using RT-PCR, bDNA, and NASBA. The use of these tests for screening, diagnosis, monitoring treatment and in special populations like newborns is explained.
projectblack-210316180313(1).pdf
This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses how HIV weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. The document outlines how HIV is transmitted, the stages of HIV infection from early to late stage AIDS, and how HIV is diagnosed through blood tests. It discusses the current treatments for HIV like antiretroviral drugs and pre-exposure prophylaxis, as well as recent developments in treatments and efforts towards developing a vaccine.
54th Publication -JFMPC- 7th Name.pdf
Vohra P, Belkhode V, Nimonkar S, Potdar S, Bhanot R, Izna, Tiwari RVC. Evaluation and diagnostic usefulness of saliva for detection of HIV antibodies: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May;9(5):2437-2441. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_138_20. eCollection 2020 May. PubMed PMID: 32754516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7380795
179th publication jfmpc- 7th name
1) The study aimed to evaluate saliva as an alternative to blood for detecting HIV antibodies using ELISA tests.
2) Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls.
3) ELISA tests found HIV antibodies in 99% of saliva samples and 100% of blood samples from HIV-positive patients. The tests found no HIV antibodies in samples from healthy controls, showing the tests were 100% specific.
4) The results demonstrate saliva can accurately detect HIV antibodies and is as effective as blood testing, but is less invasive making it preferable for testing.
179th publication jfmpc- 7th name
1) The study aimed to evaluate saliva as an alternative to blood for detecting HIV antibodies using ELISA tests.
2) Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls.
3) ELISA tests found HIV antibodies in 99% of saliva samples and 100% of blood samples from HIV-positive patients. The tests found no HIV antibodies in samples from healthy controls, showing the tests to be 100% specific for blood and 99% specific for saliva.
HIV Testing
The document discusses HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS in 1983.
- HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood, and from mother to child.
- India's HIV epidemic began in the 1980s, with over 2 million new infections globally in 2013.
- HIV diagnosis involves antibody and antigen tests, while treatment and monitoring involves CD4 counts and viral load tests.
Hiv
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It belongs to the retrovirus family and there are two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells of the immune system, ultimately weakening the body's ability to fight infections and disease. Common routes of transmission include sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. While antiretroviral treatment can slow the progression of the disease, there is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS.
Dr. Stephanie Rossow - Applications of Next Generation Sequencing
Applications of Next Generation Sequencing - Dr. Stephanie Rossow, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
AIDS
This document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its types, epidemiology, structure and life cycle, transmission, diagnosis, stages of infection, and treatment. It describes how HIV infects and destroys CD4 cells, progressively weakening the immune system until opportunistic infections define AIDS. Laboratory tests for diagnosis include antibody and viral detection assays, with CD4 counts and viral load used to monitor disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy.
Microbiology hiv-yf
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
Aids
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It weakens a person's immune system by destroying white blood cells, making the body vulnerable to other infections and diseases. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, unsafe blood transfusions, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. While some people experience flu-like symptoms shortly after infection, many live asymptomatic for years before developing AIDS. There is no vaccine or cure for HIV/AIDS, so prevention through safe sex practices and access to treatment are important.
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Lab diagnosis of HIV infection/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
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Dr. Stephanie Rossow - Applications of Next Generation Sequencing
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256442 hiv
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