During the six-month research in the area of the Ribnica quarry, performed in 2012 by the members of the Ornithological Society "Naše ptice", 76 bird species were registered. Since the birds are the best indicators of the overall state of the environment, it is necessary to repeat the researches and gather the additional information on bird fauna of Ribnica quarry and its immediate surroundings, in order to create the basis for bird monitoring programs, their protection and public education about the natural values of this area. The monitoring should enable the proper planning of the future operations within the quarry, without endangering bird habitats and survival in the area.
The project will include daytime and nighttime surveys (direct observation, identification by calls and sounds), and the development of document on status of this area's bird fauna. The special attention will be given to the species included in Annex I of the Birds Directive and Annexes II and III of the Bern and Bonn conventions. As the practical part of the bird protection, it is planned to set up the nesting boxes and bird houses in the vicinity of the quarry.
More information: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/bird-protection-ribnica-quarry-zastita-ptica-na-kamenolomu-ribnica
Gardening for Wildlife; by Vegan Organic Network
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Nesting Habitats Birds are among a few other animals who build their own homes in the form of nests Different birds make different types of nests They build nests to stay in them and to lay eggs in and raise their babies
Gardening for Wildlife; by Vegan Organic Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Nesting Habitats Birds are among a few other animals who build their own homes in the form of nests Different birds make different types of nests They build nests to stay in them and to lay eggs in and raise their babies
This ppt gives you the information under the broad topic "willife conservation and management". It includes the brief knowledge about 'cover construction' along with it here also discussed about
'genetic diversity' and it's preservation. Also I added a few slides about strategies to restore the degraded biodiversity.
Needingworth Quarry is the location for an exciting wetland restoration project arising from a collaboration between Hanson and the RSPB. As gravel extraction is completed in sections of Needingworth these areas are being restored into wetland habitats, including large areas of reedbed and associated rough grassland, which has been named Ouse Fen Nature Reserve. Reedbed restoration sites, typified by Needingworth also include areas of wet or dry rough grassland, with varying degrees of management through grazing, mowing and fencing. These grasslands in themselves potentially provide a valuable habitat for biodiversity, especially given the context of the considerable intensification of agricultural and other grasslands that has taken place over recent decades.
In this project we propose to investigate the insect biodiversity of grasslands surrounding the reedbed restoration units at Needingworth/Ouse Fen. The focus of our work will be the leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha), which are common in grassland and have been found to be useful indicators of management intensity effects. In particular we are interested in how leafhoppper communities are affected by the level of grazing by cattle and how they vary with distance from the reedbeds and open water. The principal objective is to increase our knowledge of insect communities in these habitats at Needingworth/Ouse Fen and to inform management practice decisions in relation to these grasslands, which it is hoped will help to further enhance the biodiversity value of the restoration.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in the United Kingdom.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/investigation-insect-biodiversity-grasslands-surrounding-reedbed-restoration-needingworth
Zheltokamenka quarry, with an active mining area of 82 hectares, has about 40 hectares of slope surfaces remaining after the extraction of limestone. Actual problem is the lack of suitable technologies for increasing biodiversity in such areas. Our project aims at formation of mobile biodiversity-enriched plant communities that are integrated into appropriate niches on the steep slopes of limestone quarries. Our approach is based on the technology of vertical farming, widely used in architecture. We propose to use microcommunities including rare plant species adapted to the harsh conditions of rocky walls without further support from people. "Green Wall" will consist of communities, planted on the shelves of quarry steep slopes.
This technology will trigger local villagers to perceive ""green walls"" of the quarry as an oasis in the mining lands, and not as destructed space for garbage dumping.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Ukraine.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/green-wall-project-proekt-zelenaya-stena
Aquatic ecosystems are hot spots of most terrestrial biodiversity. They interact with their surrounding terrestrial area through food webs and habitat resources. The aquatic ecosystems also attract a wide range of other fauna including wading and migrating birds, amphibians, riparian mammals and insects. Furthermore, aquatic ecosystems have ability to recycle nutrients of wastewater. Despite many benefits they have, their potentiality in the rehabilitation of quarries is not well recognized. The recent effort on the rehabilitation of quarry site is mostly focused on terrestrial plants despite the fact that quarries life are heterogeneous ecosystems. Owing to this reason, there is a need of using the potential of aquatic ecosystems to enhance the rehabilitation of quarries sites. The present project is therefore focused on establishing the aquatic ecosystem at Wazo hill quarry.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Tanzania.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/potential-use-aquatic-ecosystems-enhancement-rehabilitation-mining-sites
Globally, bats are facing wide-ranging threats that are causing the decline in the populations of several species in Europe. Some of these global threats are habitat degradation, disturbances in breeding places or hibernaculums and loss of roosting sites. We will take advantage of some properties of La Medina quarry (and most of quarries) to achieve our main goal: to increase the potential benefit of La Medina quarry for the bat populations inhabiting the surrounding area or inside the quarry.
We propose certain actions and guidelines to achieve all of our goals in order to benefit not only bats but also the environment, the company and society. Some of these actions are:
A methodology to identify evidence of bat species located at La Medina quarry.
A GIS and fieldwork based methodology to study the connectivity between La Medina and Las Caldas Cave, a Nature Reserve dedicated to bats.
A protocol for bat population management in quarries, in order to reconcile bats conservation with production and restoration in the quarry.
Interpretive kiosks, guided walks and other activities to spread the project among different local actors increasing people's knowledge and awareness and improving the corporate image of the company.
The results of the project could provide HeidelbergCement Group with tools enough to minimize disturbances to bats, to contribute to their conservation and to strengthen their populations in many quarries along the world.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Spain.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/development-bat-populations-quarry-la-medina-during-operation-and-post-operational-phases
The project focuses on quantifying the effects of the limestone’s exploitation in Băița-Crăciunești Quarry on local biodiversity and its social impact. The influence of the operation extends beyond the predefined perimeter of the exploitation, having an impact on the surrounding natural and anthropic environments.
The purpose of this project was to develop a series of graphic representations from the data obtained on the field, which will highlight the exploitation’s range of influence generated from diverse sources. These maps provide an overall view of the impacted area, leading to the proposal of new methods to decrease the effects generated by the exploitation on biodiversity.
Considering that human settlements are in the nearby vicinity of the extracting operation, willing people from Băiță and Crăciunești villages will undergo a social impact study. In addition, this study will lead to a higher degree of awareness about the necessity of exploitations.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Romania.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/influences-non-metalliferous-ore-exploitation-biodiversity-and-its-social-impact
Designing+constructing a geo-ecology and education nature trail at the quarry.
With this trail visitors get an insight of bedrock, soil, terrain shaping, water, climate, vegetation, fauna in correlation between primary origin of the Coastal Mountains (Cordillera+Wrangellia) also as the formation of the inlets and Vancouver Island. Important is an advice+link to the coastal climate+Cold Rain Forest.
The Trail passes geological and ecological spots (such as a few of the bedrock/soil bedding+different rock types) and shows+explains the visitors the realized reconstruction of the rain forest+habitat projects done by the company.
If possible the trail will pass an original part of the Cold Rain Forest to show the nature before the mining started. The trail will be designed after an inspection of the quarry terrain and in cooperation with the Geology Dep. at the University of B.C.,Vancouver. Students will be integrated (course achievement) to design the route and prepare relevant information for visitors.
A container at the entrance of the quarry is used as the starting point and there is a general introduction and safety advice. Visitors get helmet and reflective vests there.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in North America.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/designing-geo-ecology-and-education-nature-trail
This project seeks to promote edge species which will be used to assess impact on species succession and eventually serve as a means of evaluating and monitoring the success of reclamation.
The focus of this project is on the boundary that lies between the quarry site and the nearby vegetation. Such boundaries are mostly very contrasting in terms of vegetation and the distribution of biodiversity. There is an immediate move from a vegetation zone to a totally degraded area, whereas in nature, mostly there is a gradual change form one habitat to the other. The sudden change in environment limits the movement of organisms as well as discourages species adaptation to degradation hence the drastic effect on species compositions. Our aim is to reduce the contrast between these two environments by looking at the biodiversity in flora and fauna at the quarry site and devising strategies to vegetate the edge and increase biodiversity at the edge.
This project will create a more stable environment for movement of organisms between the two distinct habitats, such as insects which are essential in the process of ecological succession. The vegetated edge will provide bases for the start of ecological succession at the point of reclamation. Selected bio-indicators in various taxanomic groups such as birds, insect and mammals with specialized niches will serve as a tool for measuring the success of reclamation in the future.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Indonesia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/discovering-biodiversity-loen-quarry
The former quarries Rohrbach, Leimen and “farmers quarry” are very rich in species; however they are isolated from each other despite their spatial proximity. The quarries should be integrated with one another and integration should also take place in the surrounding landscape.
The NGO Heidelberger Biotopschutz e. V. (HBS) has been looking after nature conservation areas and spawning waters within the forest and in the open land districts all around the quarries for many years, and also the nature reserve at the Rohrbach quarry since the year 2000. It hence virtually suggested itself to network all the nature conservation areas, and also include the nature reserve at the Leimen quarry.
This project investigated soil recovery processes on the reclaimed territories of Kavtiskhevi and Gardabani quarries by means of soil inhabiting invertebrates.
Oribatid mites, in the Acarine suborder Oribatida, are associated with organic matter in most terrestrial ecosystems (Behan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2007; Maraun et al., 2007; Norton and Behan-Pelletier, 2009; Schneider, 2005). Their ability for dispersal is low and those that do disperse as adults (Norton, 1994). As a result, oribatid mites cannot easily escape from stress conditions. Population of oribatid mites decline rapidly when their habitat is damaged, that allows detection of environmental degradation. So, they can be considered as «early warning» indicators of stress.
Springtails (Collembola) are major components of terrestrial ecosystems, constituting a substantial proportion of the soil animal biomass and diversity and are thus frequently and easily found (Coleman et al., 2004). Like oribatids, they play an important role in plant litter decomposition and in soil formation processes. They are known as one of the pioneers of early stages of soil recovery processes and rapid colonizers of reclaimed waste sites (Hutson, 1980).
Project actions:
1. Inventory of soil arthropods ( oribatid mites, springtails);
2. Study biotic complexity of reclaimed and control sites using invertebrate animals as bioindicators;
3. Identify pioneer colonists species and species adapted to the anthropogenic pressure;
4. Reveal the effectiveness of provided reclamation activities;
5. Publish informative booklet and on line placement of the project activities and project results.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Georgia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/soil-arthropod-diversity-and-quarry-rehabilitation
This project is situated to the eastern part of the Mokrá quarry near Brno. There is a unique possibility to connect mining area with surrounding nature of the southern part of Moravian karst just in that suitable place.
The project was divided into three parts. The first focused on the monitoring of actual fauna and flora in the quarry and it’s closed surrounding. The results of these investigations were then assembled into the study with the aim to propose a stabilization of biodiversity and to create a mosaic of various biotopes in the second project part. The third part is highly theoretical, because the mining area is still active. However, was creating a way to inform the public about limestone quarries as hot-spots of biodiversity and about near-natural restoration of habitats in the future. The area is namely suitable for establishment of natural hiking-trail with some small artifacts related to land-art etc.
The final connection of these three project parts brings interesting information from many scientific and biotechnological professions. This study can be shown as an example how to utilize theoretical scientific information from different branches of biology, ecology and nature protection in a reclamation proposal.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in the Czech Republic.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/wildlife-return-quarry-bridla-possibilities-natural-habitat-restoration-priklady-moznosti
This project refers to restoration and rehabilitation of quarry Ribnica by establishment of botanical garden of rare, threatened or endemic flora contained within vegetation of rock crevices and screes. Project will be performed in several phases:
- precise determination of ecological demands for endemic plants living amid rocks based on georeferenced phytoecological data of vegetation in rock crevices and screes;
- defining area of quarry Ribnica in terms of ecological conditions and by means of predictive vegetation modelling, in order to recognize microlocations within quarry which match ecological niche of designated plants;
- activities regarding establishment of botanical garden (collection of herbal material in natural habitats, transfer into previously defined locations of quarry Ribnica, inventory and monitoring of flora in the quarry in order to achieve garden's sustainability).
Aims of project:
- restoration of open rocky ground in the quarry Ribnica
- preservation and improvement of rare, threatened or endemic flora by means of ex situ conservation
- creation of space for scientific research and education
- raising of ecological awareness in local community
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Bosnia and Hercegovina.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/quarry-ribnica-function-conservation-rare-and-threatened-floristic-genpool-bh-kamenolom
Areas after exploitation, arising out of mining processes, are interesting examples of anropogenetic habitat, which can be used by some rare species of amphibians and reptiles. As part of our project we did a comprehensive inventory focused on these groups of animals and we will specify which species are present in the quarry and select the best habitat for them. We hope to confirm the presence of smooth snake - a rare and very interesting species of snake. For this purpose we will appear regularly in the quarry to conduct field work.
The knowledge gained in this way allows us to elaborate a detailed plan and methods to protect and enhance the biodiversity of the mine area after the cessation of its activities. We want our research to help in the efficient reclamation in the future. The last important step will be creating the educational publications, regarding the need and methods of protection of amphibians and reptiles that advertises biodiversity of the Limestone Quarry “Górażdże”, which will be addressed to a wide range of people, especially children and youth.
The project won the Grand Prize of the Quarry Life Award 2014
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/comprehensive-inventory-herpetofauna-limestone-quarry-gorazdze-particular-emphasis-rare
A group of pupils from Jessen Grammar School investigates the potential spawning grounds of the native amphibians moor frog (Rana arvalis), natterjack toad (Bufo calamita), European green toad (Bufo viridis) and European tree frog (Hyla arborea) at the Steinsdorf gravel pit. The objective of the project is to record the preferences of the aforementioned species with regard to shore characteristics, depth of water, water temperature and pH value in order to achieve optimal conditions for the protection of the endangered amphibians during renaturalization. The investigation is complemented by the consideration of biotic factors such as availability of food and potential predators.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Student Project”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/design-and-development-suitable-spawining-grounds-protection-native-amphibians
The project’s aim is to promote the ecological education among school students and local people of Slatsy settlement by attracting them to the territory of the quarry. To make the process both interesting and useful they will be involved into a quest around the territory of the quarry. The main idea is to get people to learn more on biodiversity by playing and by arranging social activity like a photo exhibition, picture contest, designing of the ecology board game. The “Pechurki” quarry is going to be flooded as a part of the recultivation process; we propose to divide the area into two zones, one of which will be unavailable for humans to provide the place for mammals, birds, fish and other species common for the region. The other zone will be a good place to watch the animals from arranged watching stations.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Biodiversity and Education”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/youth-view-quarry-nature
In Ghana, more than US$ 2 billion worth organic foodstuffs were wasted in 2012. About 1.3 billion tonnes of organic food produced globally is wasted annually according to FAO. We aim at converting the wasted organic food into powerful compost that has the power to restore the soil fertility at any quarry site during reclamation to promote biodiversity by using worm species called Eudrilus eugeniae (African Night Crawler) and also to free the environment from any adverse effect generated by the organic food waste. The vermicompost will support plants growth but ecological food chain will also ensure that other organisms follow suite (ecosystem and restoration of biodiversity).
Three experimental controls were set from Vermicompost; normal compost, the stockpiled and mine soil. The rates at which each restores biodiversity at the quarry site were compared. It is already projected that the biodiversity at the Vermicompost site would be restored more rapidly than the other two controls.
The Vermicompost can be transported to any quarry site to reclaim its biodiversity. In more advanced and sophisticated means, holes can be dug and filled with Vermicompost to support plants growth even when mining is in session.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Innovation and Biodiversity”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/use-vermicompost-treatment-topsoil-restoring-biodiversity
Tovacov lakes, and the whole area affected by mining, represents a very important refuge for many rare species of plants and animals that can’t find suitable living conditions in the surrounding intensively farmed landscape. Due to the high level of underground water and the presence of gravel bed, Tovacov lakes can be very important wetlands but also interesting xerotherm habitat in the future. Our aim is not only to identify this biodiversity, but also to support it in the future by targeted interventions.
In the first phase of the project large field survey of different habitats were carried out. These surveys will be focused on characteristic areas that differ in moisture, age and the way they were created. Apart from vascular plants and vegetation, we will be focused on major groups of organisms for which such habitats are essential and at the same time there isn’t enough historical data. These are mainly beetles, butterflies and spiders, but other groups of animals will not be left out.
In the second phase a comparison of diversity of locally rare species with their representation in the various habitats was completed. In this way the mapping of biologically valuable sites and habitats that create appropriate conditions for the occurrence of target species is done.
In the third part, created design principles of management for such areas that will support the best possible future existence of discovered organisms and will create suitable biotopes for other types of communities of plants and animals.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Biodiversity Enhancement”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/research-biodiversity-tovacov-lakes
This project aimed to facilitate improved communication and interaction between quarries and communities, with a focus on environmental rehabilitation on quarry sites. Community engagement provides benefits at every stage of a quarry’s life, for both the community and company. Communication, and encouraging community access to quarry information, fosters increased trust and education among the community. Community consultation assists in revealing community values, attitudes, and potential issues. Involving community groups in environmental rehabilitation activities reveals the significant environmental values of quarry sites and the measures quarries take to protect and enhance these ecosystems. A strong relationship with the community is invaluable when a quarry proposes to alter or expand operations.
This project researched and developed a Community Engagement Framework for use by the quarry manager. The comprehensive practical guide is informed by best-practice techniques and successful global examples. It will provide the quarry manager with a set of actions, timeframe, budget, and an outline of roles.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Raising Public Awareness”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/community-engagement-framework
Our proposal – the project of nature educational trail draws attention to the low level of the environmental invasion during the aggregate mining which results in the relative preservation of the environmental balance.
Besides the mentioned aspects, our project shows the potential environmental and touristic profits in the anthropogenic transformed environment. It presents the conservation way of the natural monuments of special value such as the oak tree avenue, isolated trees. The project shows the representative ecosystem in the area, emphasizes the natural – environmental heritage of the former inhabitants in the relation to the creation of the architecture of the rural greenery (ruraristics), mainly by planting the trees along the roads.
The instigated action affects widely the understood development of commune, enriches the tourist and recreation offer for local people, creates a possibility to extend the educational offers for pupils and emphasizes the commitment of HeidelbergCement Group to the protection of nature. The return to nature is possible!
Read more about the project: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/valorization-natural-environment-educational-and-pro-ecological-activities-area-nowogrod
This thesis presents a design proposal for a recreational landscape by the Western quarry in Slite, an 89 hectare wide and 45 meters deep quarry on the northern part of Gotland where limestone is being extracted for the production of cement.
By participating in the Quarry Life Award 2014, a competition to raise the knowledge about biodiversity in quarries, the project was given a thematic focus on biodiversity and how knowledge about it can be spread.
In this thesis handling a quarry and how it can be restored is breaking new ground. The new knowledge has being weaved together with a natural environment just as complex and through the design the public gets access to this new natural and cultural landscape with new aesthetic values and experiences.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/concrete-biodiversity
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
Bird protection at Ribnica Quarry, Bosnia and Hercegovina
1. ZAŠTITA PTICA NA
KAMENOLOMU RIBNICA
BIRD PROTECTION AT THE
RIBNICA QUARRY
Nermina Sarajlić
Asja Ĉorbo
Selvir Džafić
Tarik Dervović
2. Kamenolom Rib
Kamenolom Ribnica kao stanište ptica
Kamenolom Ribnica nalazi se na juţnim padinama Ravan
planine, sjeverozapadno od Kaknja, u blizini sela Subotinje i
Šišići, na nadmorskoj visini od 405-685 m.
Na ovom lokalitetu se sa četinarskim vrstama (smrča, bijeli i
crni bor) smjenjuju zajednice hrasta kitnjaka, graba i bukve uz
poneko stablo divlje trešnje i gorskog javora i veći broj
grmolikih vrsta: drijen, svib, poljski javor, lijeska, dok je oko sela
Šišići meliorirano zemljište prekriveno poljoprivrednim
površinama (voćnjacima i njivama). U podnoţju
kamenoloma nalazi se rijeka Ribnica, sa razvijenim šibljacima
vrbe i topole.
Ovako veliki diverzitet biljnog pokrivača uslovio je prisustvo
različitih vrsta ptica, koje se u blizini kamenoloma Ribnica
zadrţavaju tokom cijele godine, na gnijeţđenju ili prelijeću
ovo područje u periodu proljetne ili jesenske migracije.
Ribnica quarry as the birds' habitat
Ribnica quarry is located on the southern slopes of the Ravan
mountain, northwest of Kakanj, near the villages Subotinje
and Šišići, at an altitude of 405-685 m.
On this site, the coniferous tree species (spruce, Scotch pine
and black pine) alternate with the communities of sessile
oak, hornbeam and beech, occasional wild cherry and
sycamore and a number of shrub species: dogwood, field
maple, hazel, while the area around Šišići village is covered
with agricultural land (orchards and fields). At the bottom of
the quarry, there is the Ribnica river, overgrown with willow
and poplar shrubs.
Such a great diversity of plant cover has caused the
presence of various bird species, which can be seen near
the Ribnica quarry throughout the year, during breeding
period, or which fly over this area during the spring or autumn
migrations.
3. Ptice oko nas:
posmatranje, proučavanje, zaštita
Ptice su neodvojivi dio naše okoline i predstavljaju najbolje pokazatelje njenog stanja, a ujedno
imaju i veliki značaj za ţivot čovjeka jer raznose sjemena biljaka i uništavaju veliki broj štetnih
insekata i glodara, a sluţe i kao hrana velikom broju ţivotinja. U slučaju bilo kakve promjene u
okolišu (zagađenje vazduha, vode, tla), ptice brzo reaguju – odlaze, dajući nam do znanja da
nešto nije kako treba. Zaštitom ptica štitimo i prirodu u cjelini.
Ptice moţemo štititi na više načina: postavljanjem hranilica tokom zime i kućica za gnijeţđenje,
ali i praćenjem stanja njihove brojnosti i ukazivanjem značaja ptica što većem broju ljudi,
posebno djece i mladih.
Kao načine zaštite ptica na kamenolomu Ribnica odabrali smo postavljanje kućica za
gnijeţđenje i izradu ove edukativne brošure, u kojoj će biti objašnjena izrada i postavljanje
kućica za ptice, predstavljen zanimljiv način proučavanja ptica za svakoga – birdwatching i
dat pregled ptica koje su tokom istraţivanja u okviru projekta zabiljeţene na području
kamenoloma Ribnica.
The birds around us:
observation, study, protection
The birds are an inseparable part of our environment and the best indicators of its condition.
They also have a great significance for humans - they distribute the seeds and feed on a large
number of harmful insects and rodents, and also represent food for large number of animal
species. In case of any changes in the environment (air, water or soil pollution), the birds react
quickly – they leave, letting us know that something is wrong. By protecting the birds, we protect
the nature in general.
The birds can be protected in several ways: by setting up the feeders and nestboxes, but also
by monitoring their numbers and pointing out the importance of birds to as many people as
possible, especially children and youth.
As a way to protect the birds in the Ribnica quarry, we have decided to set up the nestboxes
and create this educational brochure, in which we will explain how to build and set up the
nestbox, present an interesting way of studying the birds - bird watching and give an overview
of birds which were registered in Ribnica quarry during the research within our project.
4. Kućice za ptice
Zbog sječe suhih i oštećenih stabala u šumama, parkovima i voćnjacima, pojedine vrste ptica koje se
gnijezde u dupljama nemaju gdje napraviti gnijezdo. Dešava se i da nađu neku plitku rupu u drvetu i
tu snesu jaja, ali ptići koji se komešaju često ispadnu i uginu na tlu ili postanu plijen različitih
grabljivaca. Postavljanjem kućica pomaţemo gnijeţđenje velikog broja ptica koje sve teţe pronalaze
prostor gdje bi napravile gnijezdo.
Nestboxes – birdhouses
Due to the cutting of dead and damaged trees in forests, parks and orchards, the cavity-breeding
birds have nowhere to nest. Sometimes they find a shallow hole in the tree and lay eggs there, but in
those cases the chicks often fall out and die on the ground or become prey to various predators. By
setting up the nestboxes we help a large number of birds, which can barely find a space to make
their nests.
5. Koje ptice se gnijezde u kućicama?
Which birds use nestboxes?
Ćuk
Eurasian Scops Owl
Ĉvorak
Common Starling
Šumska sova
Tawny Owl
Velika sjenica
Great Tit
Plava sjenica
Blue Tit
Jelova sjenica
Coal Tit
Brgljez
Eurasian Nuthatch
Crvendać
European Robin
Golub grivnjaš
Common Wood Pigeon
6. Kako napraviti kućicu za ptice?
Kućice za ptice je najbolje praviti od dasaka debljine 2-
2,5 cm, a nipošto od metala i plastike koji ne pruţaju
nikakvu toplinsku izolaciju. Krov treba biti od tvrdog
drveta, otpornog na vlagu ili pokriven gumom ili
ljepenkom. Da bi se spriječio ulazak kišnice, kućicu je
potrebno nakositi prema naprijed, a za slučaj jačih i
obilnijih padavina spriječiti zadrţavanje vode u kućici
bušenjem nekoliko rupa prečnika 6-7 mm na dnu. Da bi
se povećala otpornost i osigurala trajnost, kućice se
mogu premazati za ptice neškodljivim sredstvom za
zaštitu drveta na bazi vode, i to samo sa vanjske strane,
a vaţno je i izbjegavati bojenje jarkim bojama.
How to make a birdhouse?
The best material for building a birdhouse is 2-2.5 cm
thick timber – not metal or plastic – materials which
provide no heath insulation. The roof should be made of
hard wood, resistant to moisture or covered with rubber
or similar material. In order to prevent the entry of
rainwater, the entrance should be slightly angled
downwards, and a couple of holes (6-7 mm diameter)
should be drilled in the base of the birdhouse to ensure
that any rain that does get in can drain out quickly. To
ensure durability, the birdhouses can be coated with
non-toxic water-based wood preservatives, but only on
the outside. It is also important to avoid painting the
birdhouse with bright colors.
7. Kako napraviti kućicu za ptice?
Kućice treba redovno čistiti, a da bi to bilo moguće potrebno je da se krov,
dno ili stranica mogu otvoriti. Ulazni otvor treba prilagoditi veličini ptice
kojoj je kućica namijenjena. Veličina otvora varira od 2 cm za sjenice, do 15
za šumske sove. Kućice je najbolje postaviti na visinu od 2-5 m, na mjestu
zaštićenom od vjetra. Većina ptica koje gnijezde u dupljama su
teritorijalne vrste, pa kućice treba postavljati na najmanju udaljenost od 20-
40 m. S obzirom da neke ptice kućice koriste tokom cijele godine, ne samo
za gnijeţđenje već i kao sklonište tokom jeseni i zime, potrebno ih je
postaviti što ranije, najbolje između septembra i marta.
Većina ptica je vrlo osjetljiva na uznemiravanje tokom perioda gnijeţđenja,
i neke od njih čak mogu i napustiti gnijezdo i ostaviti jaja ili ptiće, ili se moţe
desiti da se ptići uplaše i ispadnu iz gnijezda pa stradaju kao ţrtve
grabljivaca. Zbog toga ne smijeno zavirivati u kućice tokom proljeća i ljeta,
nego uţivati posmatrajući ptice sa pristojne udaljenosti.
How to make a birdhouse?
The birdhouses should be regularly cleaned, so they should be constructed
in a way that the top, the base or the sides can be opened or
disassembled. The size of the entrance hole varies from 2 cm (for the
titmice), to 15 cm (for Tawny Owls). The birdhouses should be mounted at a
height of 2-5 m, away from the prevailing winds. Most cavity-nesting birds
are territorial species, so the birdhouses should be set to the minimum
distance of 20-40 m. Since some birds use the nestboxes throughout the
year, not just for breeding but also as a shelter during the fall and winter,
they should be set up as early as possible, preferably between September
and March.
Most birds are very sensitive to disturbance during the nesting period, and
some of them may even abandon the nest and leave the eggs or chicks. In
some cases the chicks may get frightened, fall out of the nest and get killed
by predators. Therefore, we should not attempt to open the birdhouses
during the spring and summer, but enjoy watching the birds from a
distance.
8. Posmatranje ptica – birdwatching : nov, zanimljiv hobi!
Posmatranje ptica ili birdwatching postaje sve popularniji hobi ljubitelja prirode, a podrazumijeva
prepoznavanje ptica na osnovu njihovog izgleda, ponašanja ili glasanja. Ptice moţete posmatrati
bilo gdje – u svom dvorištu, parku, na planini, u šumi, pored rijeke ili jezera. Iako ptice moţete
posmatrati i golim okom, dobro bi bilo imati dvogled, koji omogućava da ptice posmatrate sa veće
daljine i da ne uplašite, a u prepoznavanju različitih vrsta pomoći će ilustrovani priručnik (ključ).
Trebat će vam i biljeţnica u koju ćete zapisivati svoja zapaţanja (datum, mjesto, ime, opis ili skicu
ptice koju ste vidjeli). U početku moţe izgledati teško ili čak nemoguće, ali ćete vremenom naučiti
da razlikujete veliki broj ptičijih vrsta, ne samo prema boji i veličini, nego i prema ponašanju, glasanju i
mjestu na kojem ţive.
Birdwatching: new, interesting hobby!
Birdwatching is an increasingly popular hobby of nature lovers – observation and identification of
birds on the basis of their appearance, behavior or sounds. Birds can be seen everywhere - in
backyards, parks, mountains, woods, near rivers or lakes. Although the birds can be observed with the
naked eye, it is advisable to have binoculars, which allows the birds to be observed from a larger
distance, without being frightened. For identification, you can use various illustrated bird guides. You
will also need a notebook to write down your observations (date, place, name, description or sketch
of birds you've seen). In the beginning may seem difficult or even impossible, but you will eventually
learn to distinguish a large number of bird species, not only by color and size, but also by their
behavior, sounds and habitat.
9. Vrste ptica na području
kamenoloma Ribnica
zabilježene tokom terenskih istraživanja
Bird species in the area of
Ribnica quarry
recorded during field visits
10. Anas platyrhynchos
Divlja patka
Mallard
Najčešća i najkrupnija patka plivačica (55-62 cm) na našim prostorima. Muţjake je
lako prepoznati po tamnozelenoj glavi i vratu, bijeloj ogrlici i izrazito ţutom kljunu.
Ţenke imaju neugledno perje smeđe boje. Nastanjuje gusto obrasle obale rijeka,
jezera, bara i močvara, a nerijetko se nađe i u gradskim kanalima i vještačkim
jezercima u parkovima. Hrani se vodenim biljkama, ali i raznim insektima, ribama i
ţabama. Vrlo brzo leti i dobro pliva. Gnijezdi se na skrivenim mjestima, najčešće uz
obale. Ţenka snese 6-10 jaja na kojima leţi oko mjesec dana, a o mladima se brinu
oba roditelja. Divlja patka je stanarica.
The most common and largest dubbling duck (55-62 cm) of the region. The males are
easily recognized by dark green head and neck, white collar and distinctly yellow
beak. The females havebrown-speckled plumage. It inhabits the densely vegetated
riverbanks, lakes, ponds and swamps, and it can be often seen in artificial lakes in
parks. It feeds on aquatic plants, as well as a variety of insects, fish and frogs. It flies
fast and swims well. The Mallard nests in hidden places, mostly along the waterside.
The female lays 6-10 eggs which she incubates for about a month, while both
parents care for the chicks. It is a resident species in the region.
11. Ardea cinerea
Siva čaplja
Grey Heron
Siva čaplja je najrasprostranjenija i najveća čaplja na našim prostorima, visoka 90-100
cm, sa rasponom krila od 175-195 cm. Svijetlosive je boje, a u letu su dobro vidljiva
crna pera na vrhovima krila. Dok leti, drţi vrat savijen i sporo zamahuje krilima. Kod
nas je redovna gnjezdarica i nastanjuje močvare, jezera i obale rijeka zarasle trskom.
Gnijezdi se u kolonijama, na drveću ili u gustom grmlju, a ţenka polaţe 3-5 jaja na
kojima leţi mjesec dana. O mladuncima se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se ribama,
ţabama, insektima i drugim malim ţivotinjama. Kada se stajaće vode zalede, sive
čaplje odlaze do najbliţe rijeke i tamo provode zimu.
Grey Heron is the most widespread and largest (90-100
cm) heron in the region, with a wingspan of 175-195 cm.
It is a light gray bird, with black feathers clearly visible on
the wing tips in flight. While flying, it holds its long neck
retracted. It is a regular breeder in the area, inhabiting
swamps, lakes and river banks overgrown with reeds. It
nests in colonies, in trees or thick bush, where the female
lays 3-5 eggs which she incubates for month. Both
parents care for the chicks. Grey Heron feeds on fish,
frogs, insects and other small animals. When lakes and
swamps freeze, Grey Herons go to the nearest river and
spend the winter there.
12. Buteo buteo
Škanjac mišar
Common Buzzard
Najčešća grabljivica na našim prostorima. Boja perja varira od
tamnosmeđe do skoro potpuno bijele, pa se ova ptica najlakše
prepoznaje po zbijenom tijelu kada stoji i svjetlijem pojasu preko grudi i
velikim, blago uzdignutim krilima kada leti. Ĉesto se viđa na rubovima
šuma, kako stoji na ogradama i stubovima uz puteve ili polako kruţi
iznad poljoprivrednih površina, polja i livada. Hrani se uglavnom malim
sisarima, ali i gmizavcima, vodozemcima i insektima. Gnijezda gradi na
visokom drveću, obično četinarskom. Početkom proljeća snese
najčešće 3-4 jaja na kojima naizmjenično sjede i muţjak i ţenka, a ptići
se osamostaljuju nakon 40-ak dana. Škanjac je stanarica. U Bosni i
Hercegovini se nalazi na listi zakonom zaštićenih vrsta.
This is the most common raptor in the area. The plumage color
varies from dark brown to almost completely white, so this bird
is most easily recognized by compacted body when standing
and brighter band across the chest and large, slightly raised
wings when flying. It is often seen on forest edges, standing on
fences and columns along the roads or slowly circling above
the farmland, fields and meadows.
It feeds mainly on small mammals, but also reptiles, amphibians
and insects. It nests on tall trees, usually coniferous. In early
spring the female lays 3-4 eggs, which male helps incubating.
The chicks leave the nest after 40 days. The Common Buzzard is
a resident bird species in the area, and in Bosnia and
Herzegovina it is protected by Law.
13. Columba palumbus
Golub grivnjaš
Common Wood Pigeon
Golub grivnjaš se od ostalih golubova razlikuje po veličini (38-45 cm, raspon krila 70-80
cm), bijelim pjegama sa obje strane vrata i bijelim linijama na krilima, koje se jasno vide
u letu. Gnijezdi se u krošnjama stabala u šumama, parkovima i vrtovima, često u blizini
ceste ili rijeke. Obično polaţe dva jaja na kojima leţi 17-19 dana, a ptići se osamostaljuju
nakon 30 dana. Uglavnom se hrani mladim lišćem i voćem, a povremeno i insektima.
Na sjevernijim područjima je selica i viđa se između marta i oktobra, a na jugu se
zadrţava tokom cijele godine.
The Common Wood Pigeon is identified by its size (38-45 cm, wingspan 70-80 cm),
white spots on both sides of the neck and white lines on the wings, which are clearly
visible in flight. It nests in the trees in the forests, parks and gardens, often near roads or
rivers. It usually lays two eggs which it incubates for 17-19 days. The chicks leave the
nest after 30 days. It mainly feeds on young leaves and fruits, but it occasionally eats
insects as well. In the northern areas of the country this species is seen between
March and October, and in the south it is a resident.
14. Cuculus canorus
Kukavica
Common Cuckoo
Kukavica je ptica selica veličine goluba, dugih, šiljatih krila, sive boje i sa poprečnim
prugama na stomaku. Moţe se vidjeti kao tamni obris u brzom preletu preko polja do
najbliţeg drveća, a u proljeće se muţjaci glasaju zvonkim, prepoznatljivim zovom.
Kukavice su prilično česte na svim vrstama šumovitih i otvorenih staništa, od nizina do
planinskih obronaka. Ova vrsta ne gradi gnijezdo, nego svoja jaja podmeće u gnijezda
drugih ptica, najčešće malih pjevica. U jednoj sezoni snese oko 20 jaja. Hrani se
insektima, pa uništava veliki broj štetočina, zbog čega se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini. Zimuje u Africi, juţno od Sahare.
Cuckoo is a pigeon-sized migratory bird with long, pointed wings, ash-grey upper parts
and dark-barred white belly. It can be see as a dark, streamlined shape flying quite fast
across fields between woodland, and in spring the males can be heard announcing their
presence by loud, characteristic sounds. Cuckoos are fairly common in all types of
terrain, in woodland and in open country right up to mountain slopes.
This bird does not make its' own nest, but plants their egg into the
nests of other species, mostly small passerines. It can lay up to 20
eggs in one season. The Cuckoo feeds on insects, including the
harmful ones, and that is why it is listed as a species of particular
importance for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. It winters in Africa, south from Sahara.
15. Otus scops
Ćuk
Eurasian Scops Owl
Ćuk je mala sivkastosmeđa sova (19-21 cm, raspon krila
oko 50 cm) sa malim ušnim ćubama. Ima kratak rep i
krupne, ţute oči. Aktivan je noću, a danju spava skriven
u krošnji. Gnijezdi se u duplji na drvetu, u koju ţenka snese
3-4 jaja i na njima leţi oko 20 dana.
Mladunce, koji gnijezdo napuštaju nakon 40 dana, ali se i narednih 20-ak
zadrţavaju u blizini, hrane oba roditelja. Ćuk se uglavnom hrani krupnim
insektima, ali i vodozemcima, gmizavcima i malim sisarima. Naseljava
otvorena i poluotvorena staništa sa raštrkanim drvećem, prorijeđene šume,
parkove, voćnjake i vrtove. Selica je, u septembru odlazi na zimovanje u
zapadnu i istočnu Afriku, a vraća se krajem marta. U Bosni i Hercegovini ova
vrsta je zakonom zaštićena.
This is a small greyish-brown owl (19-21 cm, wingspan of about 50 cm) with small ear
tufts, short tail and large yellow eyes. It is largely nocturnal, and during the day it sleeps
hidden in the trees. It breeds in tree holes, in which the female lays 3-4 eggs and
incubates them for about 20 days. The chicks leave the nest after 40 days, but still
remain close to it for the next 20 days, to get the food from the parents. This owl mainly
feeds on large insects, but also amphibians, reptiles and small mammals. It inhabits
open and semi-open habitats with scattered trees, forests, parks, orchards and gardens.
It is migratory, wintering in western and eastern Africa, and returning to Europe by the
end of March. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, this species is protected by Law.
16. Strix aluco
Šumska sova
Tawny Owl
Šumska sova je svijetlosmeđa ili sivosmeđa ptica, sa velikom okruglom glavom i tamnim
očima, bez ušnih ćuba. Ţenke su veće i teţe od muţjaka. Ţivi u starim lišćarskim i
mješovitim šumama, ali se moţe naći i u blizini naselja. Gnijezdi se u dupljama starog
drveća kojeg je danas sve manje, pa rado prihvata kućice za gnijeţđenje. Stanarica je.
Ţenka snese 2-4 jaja na kojima sjedi 28-30 dana, dok je muţjak hrani. Ptići se
osamostaljuju poslije 28-35 dana. Hrani se uglavnom glodarima koji ţive u šumi, ali i
pticama, kišnim glistama i krupnim insektima. Šumska sova je zakonom zaštićena vrsta
u Bosni i Hercegovini.
.
Tawny Owl is a light brown or gray-brown bird with
large round head and dark eyes, with no ear tufts. The
females are larger and heavier than males. This owl
inhabits old deciduous and mixed forests, but can also
be found in the vicinity of the settlements. It nests in the
holes in old trees, and readily accepts the nestboxes. It
is a resident species. The female lays 2-4 eggs which
she incubates for 28-30 days, while the male feeds her.
The chicks leave the nest after 28-35 days. Tawny Owl
mainly feeds on rodents that live in the forest, but also
birds, earthworms and large insects. Tawny Owl is
protected species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
17. Lanius collurio
Rusi svračak
Red-backed Shrike
Muţjak ima izraţenu crnu prugu preko očiju, sivo tjeme, crvenkastosmeđa leđa i krila i
crni rep sa bijelim perima na rubu. Ţenka je sa gornje strane smeđa, a po grudima
ima sitne polumjesečaste šare. Rusi svračak se najčešće viđa na otvorenim terenima
sa gustim grmljem i pojedinačnim drvećem, kao što su stari voćnjaci. Gnijezdo pravi u
gustom grmlju ili na drvetu, uz stablo. Hrani se uglavnom krupnim insektima, ali i
miševima i vodozemcima. Selica je. Rusi svračak se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Male has a distinctive black stripe through eyes, gray head,
reddish-brown back and wings and a black tail with white
feathers on the edge. The female has is brown upperparts
and buff and vermiculated underparts.
The Red-backed Shrike is usually seen in
open areas with dense shrubs and individual
trees, like the old orchards. It nests in the
thick bushes or in the trees, near the trunk. It
feeds mainly on large insects, but also mice
and amphibians. It is migratory, and listed as
a species of importance for agriculture and
forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
18. Garrulus glandarius
Šojka
Eurasian Jay
Šojka je ruţičastosmeđa ptica sa crnim repom i upadljivim svijetloplavim perima na
krilima. Ţivi u lišćarskim i mješovitim šumama, voćnjacima i parkovima. Hrani se
malim gmizavcima, insektima, sjemenkama i plodovima. Ĉesto skuplja ţireve i
zakopava ih u zemlju, čime ima vaţnu ulogu u uspostavljanju i razvijanju hrastovih šuma.
Gnijezdi se na drveću ili velikom grmlju. Ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se nakon 16-19
dana izlegu ptići o kojima se brinu oba roditelja. Stanarica je.
This is a pinkish brown bird with a black
tail and striking bright blue feathers on
the wings. It inhabits decidous and
mixed forests, orchards and parks and
feeds on small lizards, insects, seeds
and fruits. The Jays often collect
acorns and bury them in the ground,
which plays an important role in the
establishment and development of
oak forests. This species nests in trees or
large shrubs. The female lays 4-6 eggs
which hatch after 16-19 days. Both
parents care for the chicks. The Jay is
a resident species.
19. Pica pica
Svraka
Eurasian Magpie
Svraka se lako prepoznaje po bijelim krilima i trbuhu, crnim leđima i gornjem dijelu
grudi i dugom, crnom repu. Ĉesta je na terenima sa pojedinačnim drvećem i
ţbunjem, od gradskih parkova, preko voćnjaka, do njiva. Na vrhu visokog drveća
pravi gnijezdo u koje u proljeće ţenka snese 5-8 jaja na kojima leţi oko 20 dana.
Za mlade se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se insektima, malim kičmenjacima,
sjemenkama i raznim plodovima. Svraka je ptica stanarica.
The Magpie is easily recognized by white wings and
belly, black back and upper chest and long, black
tail. It is fairly common on areas with solitary trees
and shrubs, from city parks, orchards, to the
agricultural land. It builds its nest on top of tall trees.
In spring, the female lays 5-8 spring eggs, which she
incubates about 20 days. Both parents care
for the young. This bird feeds on insects, small
vertebrates, seeds and various fruits. The Magpie is
a resident bird species.
20. Corvus cornix
Siva vrana
Hooded Crow
Ova ptica je lako prepoznatljiva po sivom tijelu, crnoj glavi, krilima i repu. Ţivi na
otvorenim područjima sa grmljem i drvećem, parkovima i drvoredima. Hrani se
raznim sitnim ţivotinjama, insektima, jajima drugih ptica, sjemenkama i plodovima.
Na drveću gradi gnijezda u koja početkom proljeća ţenka snese 4-6 jaja, a za
mlade se brinu oba roditelja. Ĉesto se viđa kako leti pojedinačno ili u rijetkim
jatima. Siva vrana je ptica stanarica.
This bird is easily recognizable by its gray body,
black head, wings and tail. It lives in open
areas with shrubs and trees, parks and alleys.
The Hooded Crow feeds on a variety of small
animals, insects, other birds’ eggs, seeds and
fruits. It builds nests in trees, and in early spring
the female lays 4-6 eggs. Both parents care for
the chicks. The Hooded Crow is a resident bird,
often seen flying singly or in smaller flocks.
21. Corvus corax
Gavran
Common Raven
Gavran je krupna ptica (duţina oko 65 cm, raspon krila 120-140 cm), crne boje i
veoma snaţnog kljuna. U letu se od grabljivica razlikuje po klinastom obliku repa, a
još lakše po glasnom zvuku koji ispušta. Stanarica je, ţivi po obroncima brda i planina
i gnijezdi se na stijenama ili stablima. Na 4-6 jaja preteţno leţi ţenka, a o ptićima se
brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se sjemenkama, malim sisarima, jajima drugih ptica, ali i
strvinama. U Bosni i Hercegovini gavran je zakonom zaštićena vrsta.
Common Raven is a large all-black bird (lenght about 65 cm,
wingspan of 120-140 cm), with prominent, slightly curved beak. In
flight, it can be distinguished from the birds of prey by a wedge-shaped
tail, and even more easily by loud calls. This is a resident
bird species, which inhabits the slopes of hills and mountains, and
nests on cliffs and tall trees.
The female incubates 4-6 eggs
by herself, but both parents
care for the chicks. Common
Raven feeds on seeds, small
mammals, eggs of other birds
and carrion. In Bosnia and
Herzegovina, this species is
protected by Law.
22. Galerida cristata
Ćubasta ševa
Crested Lark
Ćubasta ševa na leđima i krilima ima tamnosivo perje sa smeđim prugama, a donja
strana tijela joj je bijele boje. Prepoznaje se po ćubi na vrhu glave i kratkom repu sa
ţutosmeđim rubovima. Obično pjeva dok stoji na tlu ili nekoj ogradi. Hrani se
sjemenkama i insektima. Ţivi na otvorenim suhim livadama sa niskim rastinjem, ali se
sreće i na rubovima šuma, uz puteve i u gradovima. Ţenka gradi gnijezdo na tlu, u
niskoj travi i plićim udubljenjima i u njega polaţe 2-5 jaja, na kojima sjedi 11-14 dana.
Selica je. Ova ptica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u
Bosni i Hercegovini.
Crested lark is a small, spotted greyish-brown bird which has a
short tail with lightbrown outer feathers and white underparts.
It is recognizable by the distinct crest. It usually sings while
standing on the ground or a fence. It feeds on seeds and
insects. The Crested Lark is a migratory bird, which lives in
open dry meadows with low vegetation, but it can also be
found on forest edges, along the roads and in settlements.
The female builds a nest on the ground, in short grass and
shallow holes and lays 2-5 eggs, which she incubates for 11-14
days. This bird is listed as a species of particular importance
for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
23. Hirundo rustica
Lastavica
Barn Swallow
Lastavica je mala ptica sa crnim leđima plavkastog odsjaja, riđim grlom i čelom
i bijelim trbuhom. Dok leti, moţe izgledati potpuno crna - najlakše se prepoznaje po
dugom, rašljastom repu. Ţivi u blizini naselja, češće na selu nego u gradovima.
Gnijezdo gradi od blata, najčešće na izbočinama na zidovima i stijenama. U maju
ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se nakon 12-17 dana izlegu mladi o kojima se brinu oba
roditelja. Hrani se uglavnom letećim insektima. Selica je, a u Bosni i Hercegovini se
moţe vidjeti od marta do oktobra. Lastavica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.
Barn Swallow is a small bird with dark back
glittering with blue, rust-coloured throat, white
belly. When it flies, it can look totally black – it’s
easiest to recognize by its long forked tail. It lives
near settlements, more commonly in villages than
in cities. Swallows build nests of mud, mostly on
ridges on rocks and walls. In May, the female lays
4-6 eggs which she incubates for 12-17 days. Both
parents care for the chicks. The Barn Swallow
feeds mostly on flying insects. It is a migratory
species, which in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be
seen between March and October, and is listed
as a species of particular importance for
agriculture and forestry.
24. Periparus ater
Jelova sjenica
Coal Tit
Jelova sjenica je manja od vrapca (duţine 10-11 cm), ima crnu glavu sa bijelim
obrazima, bijele pjege na potiljku, blijedoţućkast trbuh i dvostruke bijele pruge
na krilima. Naseljava četinarske i mješovite šume. Hrani se insektima, paucima,
sjemenkama i voćem. Gnijezdo pravi u šupljinama stijena, dupljama u drveću,
pod korijenjem. Godišnje ima 1-2 legla sa 6-8 jaja. Stanarica je. Jelova sjenica se
nalazi listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Coal Tit is smaller than a sparrow (10-11 cm in
lenght), and recognizable by a black head with
white cheeks, white spot on the nape, whitish
underparts and double white stripes on the wings.
It inhabits coniferous and mixed forests and feeds
on insects, spiders, seeds and fruits. It builds its nest
in cavities in rocks, trees. It breeds once or twice
per year, and lays 6-8 eggs. Coal Tit is a resident
bird species, and can be found on the list of the
species important for agriculture and forestry in
Bosnia and Herzegovina.
25. Parus major
Velika sjenica
Great Tit
Od drugih sjenica se razlikuje po veličini (oko 14 cm) i širokoj crnoj liniji po sredini ţute
donje strane tijela. Glava i vrat su crni, sa bijelim obrazima, a gornja strana tijela je
maslinastozelena. Ĉesta je i brojna u svim vrstama šuma, parkovima i voćnjacima.
Gnijezdo pravi u dupljama drveća i jedna je od vrsta koje najradije prihvataju kućice
za gnijeţđenje. Ţenka snese 5-9 jaja, a mladunce hrane oba roditelja. Hrani se raznim
vrstama insekata i sjemenkama. Velika sjenica je stanarica. Nalazi se listi vrsta
značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
This tit is easily recognizable by its size
(length about 14 cm), and broad black
mid-line stripe on the yellow chest. The
head and neck are black, cheeks are
white, and the upperparts are olive green.
It is common and numerous bird in all
types of forests, parks and orchards. It
nests in cavities in hollow trees and is one
of the species which readily accepts the
nestboxes. The female lays 5-9 eggs and
both parents care for the chicks. It feeds
on various insects and seeds. Great Tit is a
resident species and is mentioned on the
list of species important for agriculture and
forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
26. Cyanistes caeruleus
Plava sjenica
Blue Tit
Ova mala ptica se prepoznaje po ţutom trbuhu, plavim krilima, gornjem dijelu glave i
repu. Ĉesta je u lišćarskim šumama, voćnjacima i parkovima. Hrani se insektima,
paucima i sjemenkama. Gnijezdi se u dupljama drveća i pukotinama stijena, pa rado
naseljava kućice za ptice. Nese 6-12 jaja, a mlade hrane oba roditelja. Stanarica je.
Plava sjenica se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i
Hercegovini.
This small bird is identified by yellow
belly, blue wings, top of the head and
tail. It is fairly common in deciduous
forests, orchards and parks. It feeds on
insects, spiders and seeds. Blue Tit nests
in hollow trees and rock crevices, and it
readily accepts the birdhouses. The
female lays 6-12 eggs, and both parents
care for the chicks. It is a resident
species and is mentioned on the list of
species important for agriculture and
forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina
27. Sitta europaea
Brgljez
Eurasian Nuthatch
Brgljez ima plavo-siva leđa, ruţičastonarandţastu donju stranu tijela, bijeli vrat i izraţenu
dugu crnu prugu preko oka. Viđa se u bjelogoričnim i miješanim šumama, parkovima i
vrtovima, kako naglavce silazi niz deblo. Gnijezdi se u šupljem drveću, često u starim
rupama djetlića, na kojima smanjuje ulaz oblijepivši ga blatom. Ţenka polaţe 6-9 jaja, na
kojima leţi 13-18 dana, a o mladuncima se brinu oba roditelja. Hrani se uglavnom
insektima, a tokom jeseni i zime i sjemenkama i orašastim plodovima. Stanarica je.
Brgljez se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
This bird has a blue-gray upperparts, pink-orange
underparts, white neck and a
distinctive long black eye-stripe. It can be
seen in deciduous and mixed forests, parks
and gardens, as it descends the tree head-first.
It nests in hollow trees, often in old
woodpecker holes, which it plasters with mud
to make the entrance smaller. The female lays
6-9 eggs, and incubates them for 13-18 days.
Both parents care for the chicks. Nuthatch
mainly feeds on insects, but during fall and
winter it also eats nuts and various seeds. It is a
resident species and is mentioned on the list of
species important for agriculture and forestry
in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
28. Phylloscopus collybita
Zviždak
Common Chiffchaff
Ova neupadljiva ptičica ima maslinastosmeđe perje sa gornje, a prljavobijelo sa
donje strane tijela. Najlakše se prepoznaje po karakterističnoj, monotonoj pjesmi.
Ţivi u šumama, šibljacima i većim parkovima. Selica je, ali se u vrijeme blaţih zima
zadrţava tokom cijele godine. Zviţdak se nalazi na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
This warbler has brown-washed dull green
upperparts and off-white underparts becoming
yellowish on the flanks. It is most easily
recognizable by its simple, distinctive song. It lives
in forests, thickets and large parks. The Common
Chiffchaff is migratory, but during milder winters it
remains in the area throughout the year. This
species is listed ad of particular importance for
agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
29. Sylvia atricapilla
Crnokapa grmuša
Eurasian Blackcap
Siva ptičica veličine vrapca, muţjak ima crnu, a ţenka riđu kapu. Susreće se u
šumama, šibljacima, parkovima sa razvijenim spratom grmlja u kojem ţenka pravi
gnijezdo i snese 4-6 jaja na kojima naizmjenično leţe i muţjak i ţenka. Hrani se
insektima, malim puţevima i različitim bobicama. Selica je. Crnokapa grmuša se
nalazi na listi značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
.
It is a gray, sparrow-sized bird. Both sexes have a neat coloured cap to the head,
black in the male and reddish-brown in the female. It can be seen in forests, thickets,
parks with lost of bushes, where the female constructs the nest and lays 4-6 eggs,
which are incubated by both parents. It feeds on insects, small snails and various
berries. Eurasian Blackcap is a migratory bird species, and can be found on the list of
species important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
.
30. Erithacus rubecula
Crvendać
European Robin
Ova maslinastosiva ptičica se prepoznaje po narandţastoj boji na prsima i čelu. Ţivi u
vrtovima, parkovima, bjelogoričnim i miješanim šumama. Gnijezdo pravi blizu tla, u
natrulim panjevima, među korijenjem, u mahovini, ali i u dupljama na drveću, pa rado
prihvata kućice za gnijeţđenje. Obično ima dva legla sa po 4- 6 mladunaca koje hrane
oba roditelja. Crvendaći se hrane insektima, malim puţevima i bobicama, a u vrijeme
prehranjivanja mladunaca hvataju velike količine različitih insekata i njihovih larvi, pa se
moţe reći da u tom periodu predstavljaju prave „čistače“ šuma i parkova od raznih
štetočina. Zbog toga se nalaze na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u
Bosni i Hercegovini. Crvendać je stanarica.
This brownish, olive-tinged bird is recognizable by
orange breast and face. It inhabits gardens,
parks, deciduous and mixed forests, and
constructs the nest near the ground, in rotting
stumps, among roots and the moss, but also in
hollows in trees, so it readily accepts the
birdhouses. It usually has two clutches with 4-6
chicks that both parents care for. Robins eat
insects, small snails and berries, and during the
period of feeding the chicks they catch large
quantities of various insects and larvae, so it can
be said that they are the real "cleaners" of forests
and parks from various pests. Therefore, it is
mentioned on the list of species important for
agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Robin is a resident species.
31. Phoenicurus ochruros
Mrka crvenrepka
Black Redstart
Muţjak je crn sa bijelim perima na krilima, a ţenka prljavosiva; pripadnici oba spola
imaju rđastocrveni rep. Veoma je aktivna i stalno u pokretu. Naseljava planinske
predjele sa kamenjarima i stijenama, ali se moţe susresti i u gradovima. U maju ţenka
snese 5-7 jaja, na kojima leţi naizmjenično sa muţjakom. Hrani se uglavnom insektima,
preteţno muhama i leptirima, a rijetko sleti i na tlo da pokupi zrele bobice. Ova ptica
je stanarica, a nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.
The male is black with white feathers on the wings, and the female is grey, both sexes
have the orenge-red lower rump and tail. It is a very active bird, constantly on the
move. It inhabits stony grounds in mountains, but can also be seen in the cities. In
May, the female lays 5-7 eggs, which both parents incubate.
It feeds on insects, mainly flies
and butterflies, but seldom it
lands on the ground to pick
the ripe berries. This bird is a
resident, and is on the list of
species important for
agriculture and forestry.
32. Turdus merula
Kos
Common Blackbird
Muţjak je potpuno crn, sa narandţastoţutim kljunom, a ţenka neupadljiva,
sivkastosmeđa, sa bjeličastim mrljama na grlu. Naseljava šume i livade sa raštrkanim
ţbunjem, posebno u blizini vodotoka, a čest je i u parkovima i vrtovima. Gnijezdo
uglavnom pravi ţenka, na niskom drveću ili u ţbunju. Kos se najviše hrani insektima i
glistama, koje kljunom izvlači iz zemlje, jede i koštunjičavo voće, a zimi sitne bobice i
sjemenke koje ostaju na granama. Nalazi se na listo vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i
šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini. Muţjaci se često viđaju kako pjevaju sa vrha nekog
visokog drveta, obično u zoru i sumrak. Stanarica je.
The male has glossy black plumage and an orange-yellow beak, the
female is sooty-brown, with whitish patches on the throat. Common
Blackbird inhabits forests and meadows with scattered shrubs, especially
near streams, and is very common in parks and gardens. The nest is
mainly constructed by the female, on the low trees or in bushes. This bird
mostly feeds on insects and earthworms, which it draws from the ground
using its beak, but it also eatsnuts, and during the winter small berries and
seeds that remain on the branches.
It is on the list of species important
for agriculture and forestry in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The
males are often seen singing from
the top of a tall tree, usually at
dawn and dusk. This is a resident
species.
33. Sturnus vulgaris
Ĉvorak
Common Starling
Ĉvorak ima kratak rep i dug, zašiljen kljun, a boja perja mu se mijenja tokom godine:
prevladava crno-smeđa, a u proljeće muţjaci dobivaju sjajno zeleno-ljubičasto perje sa
bijelim tačkama. Ţivi u šumarcima i rubovima šuma, parkovima, drvoredima, vrtovima i
voćnjacima. Hrani se insektima, kišnim glistama, puţevima i raznim voćem. Gnijezda
gradi u dupljama drveća, pukotinama u stijenama ili zidovima, a veoma rado prihvata
kućice za gnijeţđenje. Ĉvorci su izraţeno društvene ptice, i tokom cijele godine se
viđaju u grupama ili vrlo velikim jatima. Selica je. Nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Starling has a short tail and a long, sharp beak. The plumage is brown or black,
speckled with white, and in spring in males it becomes iridescent black, glossed
purple or green. It inhabits forests and forest edges, parks, parkways, gardens and
orchards and feeds on insects, earthworms, snails and various fruits.
Common Starling constructs its nests in
hollow trees, crevices in rocks or walls, and
readily accepts the birdhouses. Starlings are
very social birds, and throughout the year
they can be seen in groups or very large
flocks. It is a migratory species, and is on the
list of species important for agriculture and
forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
34. Motacilla alba
Bijela pastirica
White Wagtail
Ova ptica sa veće udaljenosti izgleda gotovo jednolično siva, ali se izbliza jasno vidi
bijeli trbuh, crno grlo, tjeme i dugi rep kojim neprekidno trza gore-dolje. Susreće se na
poljima i oranicama, rubovima naselja sa pašnjacima i uz obale jezera i rijeka. Hrani se
mušicama, vilinim konjicima i drugim insektima. Gnijezdo pravi na drveću, pod
krovovima ili u grmlju. Roditelji se brinu o mladima i nakon što napuste gnijezdo, još
neko vrijeme ih hrane. Bijela pastirica je stanarica, a u Bosni i Hercegovini se nalazi na
listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.
From a distance, this slender bird may appear almost uniformly gray, but
when we look closely, we can clearly see the white belly, black throat,
crown and long tail which constantly wagging. It can be seen in the fields
and arable lands, near settlements, in pastures and along the shores of
lakes and rivers. It feeds on flies, dragonflies and other insects. The nest is
constructed in trees, under the roofs or in the bushes. Parents care for the
chicks even after they leave the nest, feeding them for several more
weeks. White Wagtail is a resident, and is mentioned on the list of species
important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
35. Motacilla cinerea
Gorska pastirica
Grey Wagtail
Kao i bijela pastirica, i ova vrsta se sreće pored rijeka, brdskih i planinskih potoka.
Donji dio tijela je ţute, a gornji sivkaste boje. Prepoznatljiva je po stalnim trzajima
dugog repa. Hrani se insektima. Gnijezdi se uz obale, među korjenjem i stijenama, uz
vodotoke. Stanarica je. Gorska pastirica se Bosni i Hercegovini nalazi na listi vrsta
značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo.
Like the previous species, the Grey Wagtail can also be seen near the rivers and
streams in hilla and mountains. The underparts are white, with yellow restricted to the
throat and vent, and the upperparts are grayish. It is recognizable by the constant
wagging of its long tail. It feeds on insects and nests near the water, between roots
and rocks along streams. It is a resident species, and is mentioned in the list of species
important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
36. Fringilla coelebs
Zeba
Common Chaffinch
Zeba je ptica pjevica veličine vrapca: muţjak ima sivoplavo tjeme i
crvenkastosmeđe grudi, a ţenka je sivkastosmeđa. U letu se oba spola
prepoznaju po belim prugama na krilima. Ţivi u svim tipovima šuma,
parkovima, voćnjacima i vrtovima. Stanarica je. Hrani se različitim
sjemenkama i insektima. Gnijezdo pravi na drveću, na visini od 2-10 m.
Dva puta godišnje ţenka snese 4-6 jaja iz kojih se mladi izlegu
nakon 12-13 dana. Zeba se nalazi i na listi vrsta značajnih za
poljoprivredu i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Common Chaffinch is a sparrow-sized songbird:
the male has a blue-grey cap and a rust-red
underparts, and the female is greyish, much
duller in color. Both sexes have two white wings-bars,
clearly visible in flight. It inhabits all types of
forests, parks, orchards and gardens. It is a
resident species and feeds on a variety of seeds
and insects. The nest is built in trees, at a height
of 2-10 m. Twice a year, the female lays 4-6 eggs
and incubetes them for 12-13 days. This bird is
listed as a species of importance for agriculture
and forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
37. Chloris chloris
Zelendur
European Greenfinch
Zelendur se često viđa u većim parkovima, vrtovima, voćnjacima i na rubovima
šuma. Muţjak je ţućkastozelen, ţenka sivozelena, a na krilima i u osnovi repa
pripadnici oba spola imaju upadljivo ţuto perje. Gnijezdo pravi u gustim krošnjama
na visini od 2-5 m. Ţenka snese 5-6 jaja na kojima leţi 13-14 dana. O ptićima se brinu
oba roditelja. Ova ptica je stanarica i nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu
i šumarstvo u Bosni i Hercegovini.
European Greenfinch is often seen in larger
parks, gardens, orchards, and forest edges.
The male is yellowish-green, female is duller,
with brown tones on the back, and both sexes
have yellow feathers in the wings and base of
the tail. It nests between thick tree branches,
at a height of 2-5 m. The female lays 5-6 eggs
and incubates them for 13-14 days, and both
parents care for the chicks. This bird is a
resident and is mentioned in the list of species
important for agriculture and forestry in Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
38. Passer domesticus
Vrabac
House Sparrow
Muţjak ima sivo tjeme, crvenosmeđe sljepoočnice i crno grlo, a ţenka je neupadljiva,
sivkastosmeđa, bez crnih i crvenosmeđih šara. Rijetko se udaljava od ljudskih naselja.
Gnijezdi se ispod oluka, na drveću, u udubljenim zidovima... Ţenka 2-3 puta godišnje
snese 3-6 jaja, iz kojih se nakon 10-14 dana izlegu ptići o kojima se brinu oba roditelja.
Hrani se insektima, sjemenkama na obrađenim poljima, ali i otpacima ljudske hrane.
Nalazi se na listi vrsta značajnih za poljoprivredu i šumarstvo. Vrabac je društvena
ptica, okuplja se u bučnim jatima. Izrazita je stanarica.
The male has a dark grey crown, reddish
back and grey underparts, and the
female is dull, greyish-brown. It is strongly
associated with human settlements and
breeds under the eaves, on trees, in
hollow walls ... It has 2-3 clutches per year,
with 3-6 eggs which are incubated for 10-
14 days. Both parents care for the chicks.
It feeds on insects, seeds on cultivated
fields, and various leftovers of human
food. The House Sparrow is on the list of
species important for agriculture and
forestry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a
very social bird, and often gathers in noisy
flocks. It is a resident species.
39. ZAŠTITA PTICA NA KAMENOLOMU
RIBNICA
BIRD PROTECTION AT THE RIBNICA
QUARRY
Fotografije/photographs: strana 4/page 4: Andrew Fogg –
Wikimedia Commons; strana 6/page 6: Anonymus (Google
search engine – birdhouses)
Svi crteži ptica preuzeti iz/All drawings copied from
Beaman & Madge (2010): The Handbook for Bird
Identification for Europe and the Western Palearctic. A & C
Black, London
Crteži sa stranice 7 preuzeti iz/Drawings on page 7 copied
from Tutiš (2008): Kućice za ptice. Javna ustanova za
upravljanje zaštićenim prirodnim vrijednostima Karlovačke
županije